Green Phase Research Articles

Study of Full Controlled Green Time Roundabouts – An Intelligent Approach

When roundabouts face congestion problems, the transition to signalised roundabouts is considered a solution to the problem. The majority of studies have concentrated on how to calculate the optimal cycle length and signal timing to minimise congestion at roundabouts. To date, intelligence algorithms with multi-objectives such as queue length, number of stops, delay time, capacity and so on are widely used for calculating signal timing. Although roundabout congestion can be generated by the weaving zone reducing roundabout capacity, there have been minimal studies which take into account the density in the weaving zone. This study proposed a hybrid gravitational search algorithm – ABFO random forest regression with the following objectives: density, delay time and capacity to find the optimal cycle length and green time in each phase of Changwon city hall roundabout in South Korea as a case study. The optimal cycle length and green time were calculated in MATLAB and microscopic simulation VISSIM sought the effectiveness of a signalised roundabout. The result of the analysis demonstrated that signalised roundabouts with 102 seconds cycle length (phase 1 – 65 seconds of green time and phase 2 – 37 seconds of green time) can reduce density by 46.1%, delays by 32.8% and increase roundabout capacity by 14.8%.

Using Logistic Regression to Evaluate Pedestrian–Vehicle Interaction Severity at Side Street Green and Exclusive Phase Signals

This study used logistic regression to determine whether there is a significant difference in pedestrian–vehicle interaction severity at side street green and exclusive phase pedestrian signals, and to evaluate whether waiting- and crossing times are useful predictors of pedestrian–vehicle conflict. To do this, data related to the physical characteristics of each intersection and to the crossing experience of every pedestrian were gathered at 32 signalized intersections in Connecticut. At each intersection, conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles were classified into four distinct severity levels: undisturbed passage, potential conflict, minor conflict, and serious conflict. After interpreting the results of six different logistic regression refinements, it was determined that waiting time, crossing time, the number of lanes, annual average daily traffic, pedestrian compliance, phasing, and the presence of crosswalks were all useful predictors. Based on the results of this analysis, low wait time and crossing time values were associated with a decrease in the odds of a conflict. It was also determined that exclusive phase signals reduced the odds of a conflict by 85%. Future research should investigate variables associated with different land development patterns and demographic information. Along with this, the crossing experience of individuals who do not comply with pedestrian signals should also be evaluated.

Central composite design driven optimization of sustainable stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of Tigecycline and greenness assessment.

Background: Tigecycline (TGC) is a recently developed antibiotic to battle resistant bacteria. The procedures outlined in the literature for analyzing TGC involve chemical solvents that could be hazardous. Therefore, this study aimed to create a sustainable and stable HPLC technique for quantifying Tigecycline in lyophilized powder. The powerful chemometric tool, experimental design (ED), will be applied to analyze the variables' interaction and impact on the selected analytical target profiles. Response surface methodology provides a tutorial on using the central composite design with three levels of variables and quadratic programming to optimize the design space of the developed method. Methods: The New HPLC method consisted of an aqueous buffer and ethanol as a green mobile phase run on a reversed-phase symmetry C18 column. A full resolution between the Tigecycline and its degradation product peaks was achieved in a short analytical runtime. Results: Further, the specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness and stability indicating power of the proposed approach were verified through stress degrading testing. Conclusions: Finally, the analytical eco-scale and the green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) were utilized to determine how environmentally friendly the recommended method was compared to other published approaches.

Genetic Improvement to Obtain Specialized Haematococcus pluvialis Genotypes for the Production of Carotenoids, with Particular Reference to Astaxanthin

Nowadays, the search for natural substances with a high nutraceutical effect positively impact the world market. Among the most attractive macromolecules are antioxidants, capable of preventing the development of various pathologies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is antioxidant molecule produced by the microalga H. pluvialis as a response to different types of stress. Usually, astaxanthin production involves the first phase of accumulation of the biomass of H. pluvialis (green phase), which is then stressed to stimulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of ASX (red phase). In this study, the H. pluvialis wild-type strain was subjected to random mutagenesis by UV. Among the different mutant strains obtained, only two showed interesting bio-functional characteristics, such as a good growth rate. The results demonstrated that the HM1010 mutant not only has a higher growth trend than the WT mutant but accumulates and produces ASX even in the green phase. This innovative genotype would guarantee the continuous production of ASX, not linked to the two-step process and the uniqueness of the product obtained.

ATM-SPARK: A GFP phase separation-based activity reporter of ATM.

The kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays a key role in the DNA damage response (DDR). It is thus essential to visualize spatiotemporal dynamics of ATM activity during DDR. Here, we designed a robust ATM activity reporter based on phosphorylation-inducible green fluorescent protein phase separation, dubbed ATM-SPARK (separation of phases-based activity reporter of kinase). Upon ATM activation, it undergoes phase separation via multivalent interactions, forming intensely bright droplets. The reporter visualizes spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous ATM activity in living cells, and its signal is proportional to the amount of DNA damage. ATM-SPARK also enables high-throughput screening of biological and small-molecule regulators. We identified the protein phosphatase 4 that blocks ATM activity. We also identified BGT226 as a potent ATM inhibitor with a median inhibitory concentration of~3.8 nanomolars. Furthermore, BGT226 sensitizes cancer cells to the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin, suggesting that BGT226 might be combined with radiotherapeutic treatment. ATM-SPARK achieves large dynamic range, bright fluorescence, and simple signal pattern.

SDN Control-Enabled and Time-Quantum-Driven Max-Pressure Approach for Intersection Management in Smart City

Congestion optimization, at an intersection, needs real-time traffic state information from the neighboring intersections. Existing actuated traffic light controllers (TLCs) act on local traffic data. On the same line, max-pressure-based TLCs have been proved effective to act in real-time. However, such TLCs act only on queue length or travel time, which are unable to optimize the congestion as they act only on local traffic data. Furthermore, such TLCs suffer from the starvation problem; if a road lane, at an intersection, continuously receives enormous vehicles during peak hours, then it gets continuous green phase duration, and other lanes continue with red phase duration for a longer time. To overcome this, we propose an efficient quantized max-pressure-based TLC utilizing software-defined networking (SDN) to mitigate the abovementioned issues and maintain the traffic flow in the city. The proposed SDN-enabled quantized max-pressure controller (SDN-QMPC) takes real-time vehicular dynamics as inputs and generates the traffic light phase duration in the form of dynamic <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">time quantum</i> by accounting for heterogeneous traffic states. Roadside units/cameras are considered vehicle sensing entities for the real-life implementations to account vehicular dynamics, such as vehicle speed, vehicle position, etc. These parameters become inputs for SDN-QMPC to generate SDN control-enabled TLC signals. An extensive simulation study has been carried out on an Indian city map using an open-source simulator, i.e., simulation of urban mobility. The comparative results against the state-of-the-models prove the effectiveness of SDN-QMPC.

Influences of environmental factors on the dissipation of green tides in the Yellow Sea, China

Green tides attack the Yellow Sea every year since 2007 and have caused substantial financial loss. Based on Haiyang-1C/Coastal zone imager (HY-1C/CZI) and Terra/MODIS satellite images, the temporal and spatial distribution of green tides floating in the Yellow Sea during 2019 was extracted. The relationships between the growth rate of the green tides and the environmental factors including sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), sea surface salinity (SSS), nitrate and phosphate during the green tides' dissipation phase has been detected. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation, a regression model that includes SST, PAR and phosphate was recommended to predict the growth rate of the green tides in the dissipation phase (R2 = 0.63), and this model was also examined using Bayesian information criterion and Akaike information criterion. When the average SST in the study area was above 23.6 °C, the coverage of green tides began to decrease with the increase in temperature under the influence of PAR. The growth rate of the green tides was related to SST (R = −0.38), PAR (R = −0.67) and phosphate (R = 0.40) in the dissipation phase. Compared with HY-1C/CZI, the green tide area extracted using Terra/MODIS tended to be underestimated when the green tide patches were smaller than 11.2 km2. Otherwise, the lower spatial resolution of MODIS resulted in larger mixed pixels of water and algae, which would overestimate the total area of the green tides.

Copolymerized Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Encapsulated in Calcium Alginate Beads: Application as a Green Sorbent for Analysis of Multiclass Pesticides in Nonalcoholic Malt Beverages by GC–MS/SIM

A novel sorbent material consisting of a copolymeric deep eutectic solvent (DES) gel doped in calcium alginate (CA) hydrogel beads was synthesized and used in a green micro-solid phase extraction of 24 pesticides in 8 nonalcoholic malt beverages. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/selective-ion monitoring. The DES was prepared by combining thymol (Thy, thyme oil) and methacrylic acid (MAA, can be obtained from Roman chamomile oil) in a 1:1 molar ratio via the heating-stirring method. Then, it was copolymerized using ammonium persulfate as a polymerization initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinking monomer through thermally induced free-radical reaction and finally was encapsulated in CA beads. The DES was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. A comparison study indicated that t extractionhe efficiency of the modified CA with polymeric DES (CA/[poly(MAA-co-EGDMA)]:[Thy]) was 1.5–3.4-fold higher than unmodified CA hydrogel beads. The influence of significant parameters affecting extraction efficiency was optimized. The method was validated by the matrix effect, specificity, precision, limits of quantifications (0.010–0.230 μg L–1), matrix-matched calibration linearity (0.010–300 μg L–1), and determination coefficients (r2 = 0.990–0.998). The method was successfully utilized for the detection of pesticide residues in nonalcoholic malt beverage samples, and the obtained relative recoveries were 68.2–115.6% (relative standard deviation < 10.2%). The procedure’s greenness was evaluated by the Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index and the Analytical Eco-Scale protocols. This paper is the first report on the preparation and utilization of this novel sorbent for the analysis of pesticides in nonalcoholic malt drinks.

AlN Thin Films Grown on Different Substrates by Metal Nitride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

AbstractIn this paper, AlN thin films are fabricated by green and efficient metal nitride vapor phase epitaxy (MNVPE). First, AlN films are grown on c‐plane sapphire substrates at different molar flow ratios (V/III ratios) of the source material, and the effects of V/III on the crystal quality and surface morphology of the films are investigated. The growth conditions are kept constant (growth temperature of 1550 °C, growth pressure of 10 kPa, V/III ratio of 4420), and the AlN thin films are prepared by heterogeneous epitaxial growth on c‐plane sapphire, silicon (111), and GaN substrates. The crystal quality, residual stress, and luminescence properties of epitaxial AlN thin films on the three substrates are investigated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and UV spectrophotometer. Among them, the FWHM value of the sample AlN/GaN (002) plane can reach 338 arcsec. The residual stress in samples AlN/Sapphire, AlN/GaN and AlN/Si are 1027, −81, and −541 MPa, respectively, and the sample AlN/GaN has fewer point defects. At the same time, a 50‐nanometer‐thick void layer appears in the AlN thin film samples prepared on GaN substrates, which provides a new technical idea for realizing large‐scale and high‐quality self‐supporting AlN thin films.

Valorization of Spent coffee Grounds: A sustainable resource for Bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are waste residues arising from the process of coffee brewing and are usually sent to landfills, causing environmental concerns. SCGs contain a considerable amount of fatty acids and is therefore a promising green alternative bio-based phase change material (PCMs) compared to conventional organic and inorganic PCMs. In this study, the extraction of coffee oil from SCGs was conducted using three different organic solvents-ethanol, acetone, and hexane. The chemical composition, chemical, and thermophysical properties of these coffee oil extracts were studied to evaluate their feasibility as a bio-based PCM. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis indicated that coffee oil contains about 60–80 % of fatty acids while the phase transition temperature of the coffee oil extracts is approximately 4.5 ± 0.72 °C, with latent heat values of 51.15 ± 1.46 J/g as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and DSC results of coffee oil extracts after thermal cycling revealed good thermal and chemical stability. An application study to evaluate coffee oil extract as a potential cold therapy modality showed that it can maintain temperatures below normal body temperature for up to 46 min. In conclusion, this work exemplifies the potential of SCGs as a promising green and sustainable resource for bio-based PCMs for low-temperature thermal energy storage applications such as cold-chain transportation and cold therapy.

Production technology of soy protein additives for use in meat products

Nowadays, the average person's diet does not contain enough foods that are high in readily absorbed proteins. Using cheaper and healthier vegetable proteins in favor of animal proteins is one option to address this issue. The only crop with high-quality protein is soy. With the exception of methionine and cysteine, soy protein has a good balance of all the necessary amino acids. 15–25% of proteins are found in meat products. There are no other vegetable legumes (beans, peas) with a protein content (44–45%) and oil (20–22%) as high as vegetable soybeans while they are in the green bean phase. This crop is particularly nutrient-dense, and adding vegetable soy to diet enables to add proteins and other essential elements to cuisine. As soy protein is more similar to proteins of animal origin in terms of protein complexity and the presence of key amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, etc.), both animal and human organisms require less energy to transform soy protein into body proteins. The use of soy protein additives in meat products leads to enrichment with proteins and a significant improvement in the functional and technological properties that determine the structural and mechanical characteristics of the combined meat products.

Fuzzy Power Converter for Traffic Control System

Although fuzzy logic does not always replace conventional control methods, it can be built upon the experience of experts and combined with them. In fact, in many cases, fuzzy control systems make the implementation process easier. In many cities, traffic congestion is a result of an increase in vehicles and a lack of available roads. This has an impact on productivity, efficiency, and energy losses. The traffic signal controller operation methodology at road intersections is one of the main causes of this congestion. Based on fuzzy logic theory, we proposed a fuzzy traffic control system in this paper. By regulating the length of the green phase interval, our suggested system can effectively manage the traffic at the intersection.

Адаптивные системы управления объектами транспортной инфраструктуры

The paper considers a road network control model with the choice of an algorithm for adaptive control systems. Determining a more effective solution to the problem of driving vehicles at an intersection with reduced waiting time is one of the main features. In this regard, the use of a fuzzy control model in a traffic light object strengthens the capacity of the intersection. The implementation of fuzzy logic has great prospects in the field of fuzzy control of complex technical systems. Despite the research conducted in the field of modeling and optimization of traffic flows, many applications of fuzzy logic in road design are still under development and can often be used to determine traffic light signals. Adaptive con-trol systems were developed in accordance with six parameters: the number of vehicles, traffic intensity, the coefficient of adhesion of car tires to the road surface, the speed of traffic on the road for cars, road lanes and the number of pedestrians. In the presence of these sixth parameters, in the fuzzy control of signal synchronization using the Mamdani output mechanism, an output rule can be established, according to which a decision will be made to change the green phase in the next cycle.

A simple and green solid phase extraction method for oligonucleotides using adsorbent with amino and carboxylic moieties

The study aimed to use a material with amino and carboxylic moieties to extract unmodified and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. The charge of amine and carboxyl groups at the surface has changed with the change in pH of the adsorption (pH 4.5) and desorption solution (pH 9.5). Thus, both the binding and elution of the oligonucleotides were based on electrostatic interactions, and the procedure required only 10 mM ammonium acetate, with the change of pH depending on the extraction step. The developed procedure was successfully applied to extract oligonucleotides from aqueous solutions and serum samples. The method is simple and fast, providing good reproducibility (SD between 1 and 4%) and relatively high oligonucleotide recovery (81–98% for standards, 60–71% for diluted serum samples, and 80–92 for LLE serum extracts). Moreover, only environmentally friendly solvents were used.

Koordinasi Sinyal antar Simpang untuk Mengurangi Kemacetan di Jalan P.B. Sudirman Denpasar dengan Menggunakan Software TRANSYT 15

On Jalan P.B Sudirman there are 3 intersections. The conditions of the three intersections are currently uncoordinated, as a result, vehicles that have just passed the Puputan Renon Intersection have to stop waiting for the green phase to return at the FE Unud Intersection and the same thing also happens at the Waturenggong Intersection. As a result, long queues, delays, and the number of stops, especially during peak hours, are unavoidable. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of proper coordination between intersections, to reduce traffic jams at the three intersections. The purpose of this study is to analyze the signal coordination between the three intersections using TRANSYT 15 software. The research was conducted by analyzing primary data and secondary data with MKJI to obtain values of Capacity, Queue Length, Delay, Saturation Degree, and Level of Service for existing conditions, then analyze the existing signal settings for the three intersections using the Time-Distance Diagram method. Signal coordination analysis was performed using TRANSYT 15 and the results from the software were compared with the existing conditions. The result show that the arm Capacity has increased from the existing condition at The Puputan Renon, FE Unud, and Waturenggong Intersections, they were 36.93%, 21.43%, and 70.16%, Degrees of Saturation were decreased to 23%, 29.14%, and 41.53%, and the Number Stop Value were decreased to 94.08%, 73.21%, and 83.74%. From the results of this study, it can be applied to reduce congestion that occurs along P.B. Sudirman Street.

Eco friendly stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in pharmaceutical tablets and HPTLC-MS characterization of their degradation products

Recently, the analytical community has shown increasing interest in developing more environment-friendly practices by eliminating or reducing the use of hazardous chemicals and solvents which are extremely dangerous to human health and the environment. Thus in this study, a simple, rapid, inexpensive and eco-friendly HPTLC method with densitometric detection was designed, optimized and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of the antiviral drugs sofosbuvir (SOF) and ledipasvir (LED) in pure powder, synthetic mixtures, combined pharmaceutical formulation and in the presence of their stressed degradation products with high sensitivity and no interference. The separation was carried out on silica gel F254 plates, using green mobile phase ethyl acetate: water: ethanol (94:5:1v/v/v) for development followed by densitometric detection of SOF and LED at 250 and 320 nm, respectively. Both drugs had second order polynomial calibration curves within ranges 100–5000 ng/spot and 100–3000 ng/spot for SOF and LED, respectively, with correlation coefficients >0.9998 and the limits of detection were 30 and 29 ng/spot and the limits of quantification were 90 and 88 ng/spot for SOF and LED, respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. The drugs were subjected to acidic and basic hydrolysis, oxidation and photolytic conditions as per ICH guidelines, followed by detection of the degradation products and structure elucidation of their fragments with the aid of the HPTLC-ESI- MS technique. The greenness of the proposed method was assessed using the analytical Eco-Scale as an assessment tool with a 93-point score. So, it is considered excellent green.

Connected Transit Bus Dynamic Priority Weight Modeling and Conflicting Request Resolution Control at the Signalized Intersection

Multiaccess edge computing (MEC) and connected vehicle (CV) technologies have shown great potential and strength for traffic perception and real-time computing, which can be applied to enhance the efficiency of connected transit bus operations under their lower penetration conditions. Moreover, for the transit signal priority system, how to establish a model to measure traffic demand for conflicting priority request resolution and improve system response time has been widely researched for the last few decades. This paper proposes a dynamic priority weight (DPW) model for connected transit buses and a traffic signal control approach to coordinate multidirectional conflicting priority requests at a signalized intersection. The proposed model takes advantage of vehicle location, speed, and signal timing data to build time to change (TTOC) correlation functions to measure priority weights of both single-vehicle and directionality accumulation with consideration of vehicles arriving during the current green phase and conflict phase conditions; then, the aggregated priority weight value of each movement can be calculated in real-time. Once the maximum aggregated priority weight value among all movements is determined, the corresponding phase switch strategy is presented for the conflicting request resolution control problem. Homologous algorithm software for distributed deployment can be subsequently used for swift response. Simulation results show that the proposed DPW model-based traffic signal control method shows significant performance advancement, where the queueing vehicle number decrease exceeds 1 pcu/s and the throughput rate of major movements increases by approximately 2% without sacrificing the performance of minor movements in a large amount. What is more, it shows better delay optimization for social vehicles than the algorithm with delay as the objective while declining bus delay appreciable quantity with 43.4 s in average. Field test results also show that this method has excellent abilities to improve intersectional traffic capacity, for which queueing vehicle number and throughput rate indicators of all phases dramatically improved with 1.92 pcu/s and 6.68% on average, except for a slight degradation of individual minor traffic movements with 0.99 pcu/s and 0.11%.

A simple and green dispersive micro-solid phase extraction method by combined application of graphene oxide and a magnetic ionic liquid for selective determination of inorganic antimony species in water, tea and honey samples

A highly selective and efficient method based on the use of graphene oxide (GO) and a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) was developed for inorganic Sb speciation analysis. In this work, Sb(III) species was selectively complexed with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and retained on 3 mg of GO. Afterwards, 40 μL of the MIL trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium hexachlorodysprosiate(III) ([P6,6,6,14]3DyCl6) were added to instantly magnetize the sorbent surface followed by its separation using a magnetic rod. Then, the aqueous phase containing only Sb(V) was directly analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Total Sb concentration was obtained by direct introduction of the sample into ICP-MS instrument. Thus, Sb(III) was calculated based on the difference between the concentrations of total inorganic Sb and Sb(V). Extraction conditions were optimized by a multivariate study yielding a 99.7% extraction efficiency for Sb(III). Limits of detection of 5 ng L−1 for Sb(III) and 3 ng L−1 for Sb(V) and relative standard deviations of 3.2% for Sb(III) and 2.9% for Sb(V) (at 10 μg L−1 Sb(III) and Sb(V), n = 6) were obtained. The calibration linear range was 0.01–80 μg L−1. The proposed method was successfully applied for separation and determination of inorganic Sb species in tap water, tea infusions and honey samples. Furthermore, the greenness of the D-μ-SPE method was assessed by the use of the Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE), obtaining a value of 0.61.

Intersection control strategy optimization based on exchangeable lanes modeling

Purpose Due to the conflicts between left turn traffic and opposite straight-going traffic in urban traffic network, some of the traffic lanes cannot be used to discharge vehicles during its green phases and the intersection capacity can be greatly reduced. This study/paper aims to reduce the effect of conflicts and increase its capacity through the reasonable pre-signal phase time with the exchangeable lanes. Design/methodology/approach This paper took into consideration various influence factors to intersection capacity and formulated the capacity optimization model based on 0-1 mixed-integer programming model. This model is efficiently solved by standard branch-and-bound algorithms. Findings The authors took an intersection as an example and solved the optimal signal timing and entrance lane capacity via this model. Then, simulations were carried out to verify the effect of the exchangeable lanes strategy of this intersection through the simulation software VISSIM and take the traffic volume and delay as outputs, which indicated that this model has better performance. Originality/value The front-end control strategy can not only exploit the full potential of the intersection but also significantly improve the operational efficiency of the intersection. It plays a positive role in improving urban intersection congestion.

A reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine, drotaverine HCl and their related impurities with dissolution profiling of their tablets and greenness profile assessment.

A sensitive, specific and eco-friendly reversed-phase-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of paracetamol, caffeine and drotaverine HCl along with their related impurities. The separation was accomplished using an X-bridge C18 column (5 μm; 250 mm × 4.6 mm inner diameter) and a green mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.02 M phosphate buffer at pH 5.0 in the gradient elution mode. The detector used was a diode array detector. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. Linear regressions were found in the range of 1-100, 1-100, 2-60, 1-20, 0.50-30 and 1-15 μg/mL for paracetamol, caffeine, drotaverine HCl, p-aminophenol, theophylline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their tablet dosage form without interference from any excipients. No discernible difference was found between the obtained results and official or reported methods, statistically, in terms of both accuracy and precision. Dissolution profiling of the studied tablet was also performed using the suggested procedure. Moreover, the greenness profile was assessed using three different tools, namely, the National Environmental Methods Index, the Analytical Eco-Scale and the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach. The acquired results assert the agreement of the assay with green chemistry principles.