Greenhouse Emissions Research Articles

The growing demand for air connectivity, coupled with the forecasted increase in passengers by 2040, implies an exigency in the aviation sector to adopt sustainable approaches for net zero emission by 2050. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is currently the most promising short-term solution; however, ensuring its overall sustainability depends on reducing the life cycle carbon footprints. A key challenge prevails in hydrogen usage as a reactant for the approved ASTM routes of SAF. The processing, conversion and refinement of feed entailing hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), decarboxylation, hydrogenation, isomerisation and hydrocracking requires substantial hydrogen input. This hydrogen is sourced either in situ or ex situ, with the supply chain encompassing renewables or non-renewables origins. Addressing this hydrogen usage and recognising the emission implications thereof has therefore become a novel research priority. Aside from the preferred adoption of renewable water electrolysis to generate hydrogen, other promising pathways encompass hydrothermal gasification, biomass gasification (with or without carbon capture) and biomethane with steam methane reforming (with or without carbon capture) owing to the lower greenhouse emissions, the convincing status of the technology readiness level and the lower acidification potential. Equally imperative are measures for reducing hydrogen demand in SAF pathways. Strategies involve identifying the appropriate catalyst (monometallic and bimetallic sulphide catalyst), increasing the catalyst life in the deoxygenation process, deploying low-cost iso-propanol (hydrogen donor), developing the aerobic fermentation of sugar to 1,4 dimethyl cyclooctane with the intermediate formation of isoprene and advancing aqueous phase reforming or single-stage hydro processing. Other supportive alternatives include implementing the catalytic and co-pyrolysis of waste oil with solid feedstocks and selecting highly saturated feedstock. Thus, future progress demands coordinated innovation and research endeavours to bolster the seamless integration of the cutting-edge hydrogen production processes with the SAF infrastructure. Rigorous techno-economic and life cycle assessments, alongside technological breakthroughs and biomass characterisation, are indispensable for ensuring scalability and sustainability.

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) pose significant environmental threats, including global warming, reduced biodiversity, and increased greenhouse emissions. These changes lead to soil erosion, landslides, land degradation, and water contamination, ultimately endangering human health and food security. In countries like Pakistan, rapid urbanization and population growth are key drivers of LULC transformation, resulting in the loss of fertile agricultural land to urban development. This study examines Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes and their impacts on agricultural land in Hyderabad District from 1972 to 2023. Using advance Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques,Landsat satellite imagery from 1972, 1986, 2000, and 2023 was processed using the Maximum Likelihood Supervised Classification method in ArcGIS 10.8. The study analyzes LULC changes across four Talukas including Hyderabad City, Qasimabad, Latifabad, and Hyderabad (Rural). The findings reveal significant transformations in LULC classes, indicating substantial land use changes over the 51-year period. Between 1972 and 2023, Hyderabad District experienced significant land use changes, with built-up areas expanding by 184% (from 123.7 km² to 351.7 km²). This growth came at the expense of agricultural land (-30.6%), orchards (-16.8%), and barren land (-36.5%). Rapid urbanization, driven by rural-to-urban migration, is the primary cause, leading to ecological degradation and exacerbating climate change impacts.

Climate change poses a critical global challenge, driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to long-term alterations in Earth's atmospheric conditions, including temperature and precipitation patterns. Addressing this challenge requires innovative approaches, among which carbon sequestration emerges as a pivotal strategy. Carbon sequestration involves the capture and storage of atmospheric carbon, crucial for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Natural ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and oceans, alongside human-engineered methods like afforestation, reforestation, and advanced carbon capture technologies, play integral roles in this process. By enhancing environmental resilience, carbon sequestration not only mitigates climate change impacts but also promotes sustainable development goals (SDGs). Effective land-use practices integrating carbon sequestration not only enhance ecosystem resilience but also foster economic growth, food security and societal well-being. Emphasizing sustainable land management practices and supporting policies can drive these benefits further. International agreements such as the Paris Agreement provide essential frameworks for global collaboration on carbon sequestration efforts. There is an urgent need for coordinated efforts among governments, international organizations and stakeholders to implement robust regulations, incentives and financial mechanisms that support carbon sequestration initiatives. By doing so, we can address climate change effectively while advancing towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

Illegal logging in tropical peat swamp forests represents a significant threat to global climate stability, by contributing to around 10-15% of worldwide greenhouse emissions and degrading vital carbon storage ecosystems.This study addresses the necessity of automated detection of illegal logging activities in the Mawas Conservation Area of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, by developing a deep learning model trained on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from Sentinel-1. The model structure involves a combination of unet and deeplabv3 architecture with efficientnet-B4 as the encoder backbone, enhanced by Spatial and Channel Squeeze & Excitation (SCSE) attention mechanisms for improved feature extraction. The model was trained on 690 SAR images, captured from March 2015 to December 2016. The deep learning model shows promising results with an F1-Score of 66% and an iou of 49%. The overall accuracy is high at 89.55% and a precision is 67.41%. These results demonstrate the potential of deep learning for monitoring illegal logging in data-sparse tropical forest regions.

Abstract Climate change is already affecting Canada's hydrologic cycle, posing challenges for water management in mining operations and increasing associated environmental and social risks. However, there is limited research that quantifies the extent of anticipated climate change impacts across Canadian watersheds with active mining. This paper aims to fill that gap by assessing climate change impacts on key hydroclimatic variables important for Canada’s mine water management. Baseline conditions were established for six key variables: annual precipitation, 24-hr Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) precipitation, 10-day extreme precipitation, annual mean temperature, hydrologic drought index like Standardized Precipitation and Evaporation Index (SPEI), and annual snow depth. Date sources included Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Future climate change projections were generated using ECCC’s transformation equation for 24-hr IDF precipitation, the Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM) method for 10-day extreme precipitation, and downscaled, bias corrected CMIP5 ensemble projections for the remaining variables. The assessment considered two greenhouse emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and three future timeframes (2020s, 2050s, 2080s). The study reveals projected temperature increases within the case study watersheds of 2.4–3.5 °C by the 2050s and 3–7 °C by the 2080s under median or 50th percentile (p50) conditions. Annual precipitation is expected to rise by 11–16% (2050s) and 15–28% (2080s), with more intense shorter-duration events under p50 conditions. For example, the current 100-year 24-hr IDF storm is expected to occur more frequently, decreasing to a 27–49-year return period by the 2050s and a 10–40-year return period by the 2080s. Annual average snow depth is projected to decline by 21–73% (2050s) and 24–89% (2080s) under p50 conditions. These findings highlights that water management in Canada’s mining regions is set to face escalating hydrological changes under a changing climate. Effective management strategies are therefore essential to prevent intensified environmental and social risks.

Despite prolonged scientific research in Western Europe on the subject-matter of climate change and green-house emissions, a big gap in knowledge and understanding of what constitutes climate change and how to combat the phenomenon still exists in Africa. This gap creates uncertainty in the continent coupled with the tragic conclusion that Africa may be the worst hit continent in terms of the negative impact of climate change to sustainable livelihood. Climate changes will affect regional climatic processes and ecosystems in thecontinent. The position of this article is that a greater understanding of climate change could be enhanced and a more sustainable adaptive and combative solution evolved by an expanded knowledge, and inquiry drawn from Africa’s traditional knowledge systems within the context of Sathya Sai’s Education in Human Values (SSEHV, 2012). The article will use axiological and collaborative research components to make the case for a paradigm shift in the methodology and to present critical areas in which African traditional knowl- edge systems could complement current scientific approaches to understanding climate change in Africa.

International and national organizations have focused on two major policy responses to address climate change. They focus on reducing the emission of greenhouse gases to slow down the rate of change and increasing the coping capacity of countries, sectors and communities. Furthermore, rapid and unplanned urbanization, poverty, unemployment, lack of alternate housing opportunities, social and economic exclusion of migrating rural poor and the need to be located close to urban resources and opportunities, have resulted in the increasing number of urban poor population with informal slum settlements. Therefore, accessing the climate change vulnerability of the informal urban slum settlements of Suklagandaki Municipality was the main objective of this research. It explored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability index by surveying 89 households from four different places in Suklagandaki Municipality. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) included eleven major dimensions under exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity condition. The analysis was based on indices constructed from thirty-four indicators. Results indicated that Maalebagar-8 was most vulnerable and Ward-2 area was least vulnerable with the value in the range of moderate vulnerability. Both National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) and Local Adaptation Plan of Action (LAPA) are oriented toward addressing climate hazards and overlook sociopolitical and underlying causes of vulnerability and lack a process to identify and address the most vulnerable communities especially the urban slum. The outcome of this study will be helpful for developing climate change and disaster management policies and programs for similar urban settlements in the future.

Abstract In addressing the critical challenge of mitigating greenhouse emissions, the conversion of CO 2 using cost‐effective and abundant CuO‐based catalysts emerges as a pivotal strategy. This study explores the enhancement of CO 2 conversion using cost‐effective CuO‐based catalysts synthesized via coprecipitation. Through comprehensive characterizations, including XRD, BET, ICP‐MS, SEM, EDS, and XPS, we investigated the physicochemical properties of synthesized CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The addition of NH 3 significantly enhanced the dispersion, catalyst–support interactions, and surface basicity of ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (1:1) + 5 wt.%CuO, resulting in a CO 2 conversion of 5.32 wt.% and an ROH selectivity of 0.19 wt.%. ROH selectivity increases in the following order ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (1:1) + 5 wt.%CuO < ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (3:2) + 5 wt.%CuO and ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (7:3) + 5 wt.%CuO < ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (4:1) + 5 wt.%CuO < ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (9:1) + 5 wt.%CuO. By optimizing the ZnO/Al 2 O 3 ratio, we observed a trend in increasing ROH selectivity, with peak performance achieved in ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (1:1) + 5 wt.%CuO. Notably, coprecipitation synthesis positively impacted catalytic performance and stability, underscoring the potential of these catalysts in sustainable CO 2 conversion technologies. This trend underscores the importance of fine‐tuning the ZnO/Al 2 O 3 ratio in maximizing ROH selectivity. This study reveals the significant potential of CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, optimized through precise compositional adjustments and synthesis techniques, in advancing CO 2 conversion technologies. The findings underscore the critical role of innovative catalyst design in mitigating greenhouse emissions and pave the way for future research in this vital area.

Concrete is presently the most common building materials in the world, but due to its natural aggregate composite requirements and cement manufacturing, it is playing its significant role to exhaust natural resources and to cause greenhouse emissions. In solving these sustainability issues, the paper explores the possibility of using the Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) waste as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates in M25-Grade concrete. The project will seek to consider the mechanical and the durability factors of such sustainable mixes and establish whether they are economically viable to come up with an optimum level of replacement. Concrete mixes of 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent RCA-FRP combi replacements were prepared respectively. Some experimental tests were carried out: compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, water absorption, acid resistance according to the specifications of the IS and cost analysis based on DAR 2023 rates. It was found that, the control mix exhibited the maximum 28-day composite strength (31.15 N/mm2) followed by the 10 percent and 20 percent replacement mixes which reduced by 6.6 percent and 14.4 respectively but qualified the IS 456:2000 requirements. The proportion of 30 per cent fell to 24.36 N/mm2 which is lower than the structural strength of M 25. Higher water absorption ranging between 2.40 and 3.03 percentage points was observed with an increase in the content of the RCA-FRP without exceeding the limit of 5 per cent. There was a display of 3-16 percent loss of strength due to exposure to acid but mixes up to 20 percent showed good resistance to it. At 30 percent replacement, the economic evaluation implied a cost saving of 3.3 percent. This implies that even at increment up to 20 percent of replacement one can find the best mix of structural performance, life and economics, which is a realistic way forward in pursuing sustainability in construction at the same time stepping down waste and saving resources.

Approximately 20% of emissions from air travel are attributed to the auxiliary power units (APUs) carried in commercial aircraft. This paper proposes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in international air transport by adopting proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells to replace APUs in commercial aircraft: we consider the design of three compressed hydrogen storage vessels made of 304 stainless steel, 6061-T6 aluminium, and Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) titanium and capable of delivering 440 kW—enough for a PEM fuel cell for a Boeing 777. Complete structural analyses for pressures from 35 MPa to 70 MPa and wall thicknesses of 25, 50, 100, and 150 mm are used to determine the optimal material for aviation applications. Key factors such as deformation, safety factors, and Von Mises equivalent stress are evaluated to ensure structural integrity under a range of operating conditions. In addition, CO2 emissions from a conventional 440 kW gas turbine APU and an equivalent PEM fuel cell are compared. This study provides insights into optimal material selection for compressed hydrogen storage vessels, emphasising safety, reliability, cost, and weight reduction. Ultimately, this research aims to facilitate the adoption of fuel cell technology in aviation, contributing to greenhouse emissions reduction and hence sustainable air transport.

This paper presents a structured approach for the efficient operation of multi-carrier energy systems under the uncertainty of renewable energy sources. As the penetration of wind and solar energy increases, managing the resulting variability becomes critical to maintaining both economic efficiency and operational flexibility. To address this, a two-stage multi objective optimization framework is proposed. In the first stage, the objective is to minimize daily operational costs while incorporating the uncertain behavior of renewables using a scenario-based stochastic approach. The second stage focuses on simultaneously enhancing system flexibility by maximizing the available capacities for both electrical and thermal energy generation and improving green house emissions. To evaluate system adaptability, two performance indicators are introduced: the Average Energy Generation Flexibility Index (AEGFI) and the Average Thermal Generation Flexibility Index (ATGFI). The optimization model is solved using the Modified Water Evaporation algorithm. Sensitivity analyses are also conducted to explore the effects of fluctuations in gas and electricity prices on system performance. The proposed model is applied to a generalized multi-carrier energy system. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in flexibility, with AEGFI and ATGFI increasing by 27.43% and 39.91%, respectively. Overall, the framework offers a comprehensive solution to balance cost-effectiveness and flexibility in energy systems with high shares of renewables.

To address climate change, CO2 capture technologies are one potential technology towards reducing global greenhouse emissions. Electrochemically mediated amine regeneration (EMAR) represents a promising advancement in CO₂ capture technologies, offering reduced energy consumption by utilizing electricity rather than steam for amine regeneration. Despite its potential, EMAR adoption, to date, has been hindered by high energy demand, limited desorption efficiency, and material degradation. This study investigates the integration of photocatalytic aerogels into the EMAR process to address these limitations and enhance system performance.Photocatalytic aerogels are characterized by high surface area, thermal stability, and light-activated catalytic properties. The photocatalytic aerogels in this study were synthesized using sol-gel and freeze-drying techniques. Photocatalytic aerogels facilitate improved electrolyte-electrode interaction and accelerated desorption kinetics while reducing energy requirements by weakening the CO₂-amine bonds under solar irradiation. Experimental characterization techniques, including SEM, TGA and FTIR, were employed to evaluate structural and functional properties. Cyclic voltammetry and photoelectrochemical cells were used to assess the redox behavior and photocatalytic activity of the of photocatalytic aerogels.The integration of photocatalytic aerogels demonstrated enhanced desorption rates and reduced energy demands, supporting the scalability and sustainability of EMAR technology. Photocatalytic aerogels allow for using renewable energy sources towards the development of energy-efficient, cost-effective carbon capture systems, aligning with global climate mitigation goals and providing a pathway toward sustainable greenhouse gas reduction strategies.

The necessity for a clean and sustainable Renewable Energy Source (RES) is fueled by the intensifying environmental issue and steady decline of fossil resources. Additionally, expanding use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) across the globe is a result of rising carbon emissions and oil consumption. PV powered EV charging system has the ability to substantially reduce greenhouse emissions when compared with conventional sources-based EV charging system. However, existing PV based EV charging systems lack efficient approaches for adapting optimally to varying environmental conditions. Moreover, the power conversion efficiency may not be optimized leading to lower energy output. Hence, in this work, a Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) Integrated Isolated Flyback Converter (SIIFC) and Machine Learning Radial Basis Function Neural Network Maximum Power Point Tracking (ML RBFNN MPPT) are used to maximize PV power extraction. EV motor and the grid are powered by a reduced switch 31 level inverter and a 1 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In order to effectively synchronize the grid voltage and guarantee that the EV motor runs at the desired speed, an adaptive proportional integral (PI) controller is used. For validating the effectiveness of proposed PV based EV charging station, MATLAB simulations and experimental validations are used. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SIIFC and RBFNN MPPT offer an efficiency of 95.4% and 96% respectively. Moreover, the proposed 31-level inverter design increases the reliability and reduces the THD to 2.16%.

Abstract The heavy reliance on fossil fuels results in excessive greenhouse emissions, exacerbating environmental change, and global warming. CO2 electrocatalysis has been widely studied and the products are limited to C1‐2. Herein, we reported the integration of electrocatalysis and microbial catalysis for the synthesis of fatty acids from CO2. Here, we compared two decoupled MESs for fatty acid production, electrocatalysis‐purification system (System I), and direct‐electrocatalysis system (System II). Firstly, an upstream electrolysis was used to reduce CO2 to formate using KHCO3 and medium as electrolyte, respectively, with carbon nanofiber supported bismuth (Bi@PCF) catalyst. The results indicated that KHCO3 as electrolyte had higher formate yield and Faraday efficiency than that of medium. Subsequently, a downstream microbial catalysis composed of Cupriavidus species was employed to synthesize fatty acids from formate in System I and System II, respectively. It was demonstrated that System I with the yield of 1.006 mg L−1 was more favorable for the synthesis of fatty acids than System II with the yield of 0.349 mg L−1. These results suggested that decoupled electrochemical and microbial catalysis were an efficient approach for fixing CO2, indicating the great potential of a renewable energy driving artificial photosynthesis.

Carrying out decarbonization of the economy requires a mechanism for determining the price of carbon. The work is built on the data of the world’s leading studies, statistical and exchange indicators, that are analyzed using the methods of descriptive statistics and integral equations. The features of carbon as an external effect are highlighted, which, in comparison with standard exchange assets, to a greater extent limit the possibility of setting a price for it in the course of negotiations and bargaining (the Coase theorem). The incompatibility of ensuring physical equivalence of emitted and stored carbon with economic equivalence, taking into account time preferences, is shown. The method for determining the price of carbon is proposed to achieve a balance of interests between current and future generations, taking into account differences among countries and emitted greenhouse gases. This method was tested for Russia. The criteria and mechanisms of carbon pricing as an external effect, keeping in mind its highlighted features, are put forward. Measures aimed at maximizing the effect of decarbonization of the economy are proposed.

Bacteria-photocatalyst biohybrid system for sustainable ammonium production

With an emphasis on the incorporation of cost-effective hydrogen generation technologies, this dissertation explores the control of greenhouse gas emissions from the perspective of a sustainable systems-thinking scheme. There is an urgent need for long-term, creative solutions to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases as the world struggles to cope with the worst effects of climate change. By conducting a thorough literature analysis, this study delves into the state of greenhouse gas management techniques and highlights the power of systems-thinking ideas to develop long-term, all-encompassing plans. Underlying this research are the theoretical frameworks of systems-thinking and the function of hydrogen in renewable energy infrastructures. A thorough evaluation of several technologies for producing hydrogen, considering their efficiency, cost, and influence on the environment, is a part of the study approach. Finding solutions that are both financially feasible and effective in lowering emissions of greenhouse gases is the goal. This dissertation explores the creation and evaluation of efficient methods for producing hydrogen, with an eye toward their potential incorporation into larger sustainable systems. Case studies provide valuable insights into real-world issues by demonstrating how techniques might be used in practice. Findings are critically examined in the results and comments section, which offers implications for sustainable systems development and greenhouse gas management. This study adds to the continuing conversation about long-term strategies for managing greenhouse gas emissions by presenting a systems-level plan based on efficient hydrogen generation. Policymakers, businesses, and academics may use the offered suggestions as a road map to a more sustainable future by adopting policies that are both ecologically responsible and financially feasible.

<div>Battery electric vehicles have gained popularity in the transport sector of late and are considered to emit lower greenhouse gas emissions than their internal combustion engine-powered counterparts. This study conducted a “cradle-to-grave” lifecycle assessment for two sets of battery electric, hybrid electric, and internal combustion engine vehicles sold in India to assess which powertrain emits lower greenhouse gas emissions during their lifetime. The system boundaries of the “cradle-to-grave” analysis consist of vehicle manufacturing, usage, maintenance, recycling of components, and finally, disposal. The “well-to-wheel” analysis includes oil extraction, feedstock cultivation, transportation, refining, fuel production, blending, and supply. This study considered India’s electricity generation mix from thermal, nuclear, solar, wind, and hydropower plants in different regions for 2020–2021. Greenhouse gas emissions from all three categories of vehicles were calculated for a lifespan of 200,000 km driven over 10 years, with the functional unit being per km. Sensitivity analysis for one-time battery replacement, region-wise electricity generation mix, along with the effect of ambient temperature on fuel economy, ethanol–gasoline blends, and distance traveled during vehicle lifetime, is considered in this study. The study concluded that the “well-to-pump” GHG emissions were more for ethanol than gasoline. Hybrid vehicles fueled with ethanol–gasoline blend emitted fewer greenhouse emissions than the other two powertrains for both combinations.</div>

Accumulation of waste food materials, such as cassava and shrimp peels, continues to contribute to rise in greenhouse emissions. This study aims to produce a bioplastic film made from extracted cassava peel starch (CPS) and shrimp shell chitosan (SSCHT), plasticized with sorbitol (SOR) using a constrained D-optimal mixture design. Films were assessed in terms of tensile strength, elongation at break, contact angle, opacity, and functional groups. Significant models were generated in terms of tensile strength (p = 0.0148), contact angle (p = 0.1049) and opacity (p = 0.6529). Cassava peel starch had a significant (p < 0.001) effect on tensile strength due to hydrogen bonding with chitosan, whereas elongation at break was significantly (p = 0.0017) affected by sorbitol due to its structural similarity to starch and larger molecular weight as compared to glycerol. Contact angle increased with the incorporation of shrimp shell chitosan (p = 0.4647) by minimizing hydrophilic regions for external water molecule penetration. Opacity was significantly (p = 0.0013) reduced by the incorporation of cassava peel starch due to the refraction of swollen starch granules. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the interactions in the CPS/SSCHT/SOR bioplastic film, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided insights on thermal stability of the bioplastic for industrial use. This study provides insight into the potential of food waste valorization using green extraction methods in producing environmentally friendly bioplastics for hard packaging applications.

The production of clean electricity, which does not harm environmental systems, has been one of the main global prioritiesin recent times. The range of ultraviolet radiation, sent through sunlight, which can be captured by photovoltaic cells and transformed into electrical energy, makesthe sun the most promising source to supply the electrical needs of human beings. The climate is of considerable importance in capturing solar energy, as the efficiency of a cell system is directly related to local climate conditions. This paper aims to analysethe influence of meteorological elements on the efficiency of photovoltaic energy generation and its climatic effect. The methodology is based on measuring the generation of electricity throughphotovoltaic cells, compiling meteorological elements and panel temperature, studying the relationship between electricity generation using photovoltaic cells and other parameters, and surveying parameters to improvethe efficiency of clean energy generation. The results show a relationship between the generation of electricity through photovoltaic cells and the other parameters, providing an average generation 11% higher in wind directions between 330 and 360° at the study site, as well as enabling an alternative to reduce of upto 5.3% of the emission of greenhouse gases through the expansion of photovoltaic energy generation and reduction of energy generation by hydroelectric and thermoelectric plants, which are currently positioned as the largest sources in Brazil.