Greenhouse Effect Research Articles

A satellite-based analysis of semi-direct effects of biomass burning aerosols on fog and low-cloud dissipation in the Namib Desert

Abstract. In the Namib Desert, fog is the only regular water input and, thus, is a crucial water source for its fauna and flora. Each year, between June and October, absorbing biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) overlie the stratocumulus clouds in the adjacent Southeast Atlantic. In some synoptic settings, this layer of BBAs reaches Namibia and its desert, where it interacts with coastal fog and low clouds (FLCs). In this study, a novel 15-year data set of geostationary satellite observations of FLC dissipation time in the Namib Desert is used, along with reanalysis data, to better understand the potential semi-direct effects of BBAs on FLC dissipation in the Namib Desert, i.e., through adjustments of atmospheric stability and thermodynamics via the interaction of aerosols with radiation. This is done by investigating both the time of day when FLCs dissolve and the synoptic-scale meteorology depending on BBA loading. It is found that FLC dissipation time is significantly later on high-BBA-loading days. BBAs are transported to the Namib along moist free-tropospheric air by a large-scale anticyclonic recirculation pattern. At the surface, the associated longwave heating strengthens a continental heat low, which modifies the circulation and boundary layer moisture along the coastline, complicating the attribution of BBA effects. During high-BBA days, the vertical profiles of the temporal development of air temperatures highlight contrasting daytime and nighttime processes modifying the local inversion. These processes are thought to be driven by greenhouse warming as a result of the moisture in the BBA plumes and BBA absorption (only during the daytime). A statistical learning framework is used to quantify meteorological and BBA influences on FLC dissipation time. The statistical model is able to reproduce the observed differences in FLC dissipation time between high- and low-BBA days and attributes these differences mainly to differences in circulation, boundary layer moisture and near-surface air temperature along the coastline. However, the model is prone to underfitting and is not able to reproduce the majority of the FLC dissipation variability. While the model does not suggest that BBA patterns are important for FLC dissipation, the findings show how the moist BBA plumes modify local thermodynamics, to which FLC dissipation is shown to be sensitive. The findings highlight the challenges of disentangling meteorological and aerosol effects on cloud development using observations and invite detailed modeling analyses of the underlying processes, for example, with large-eddy simulations.

A Comprehensive Approach to CO2 Emissions Analysis in High-Human-Development-Index Countries Using Statistical and Time Series Approaches

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is vital at both global and national levels, given their significant role in exacerbating climate change. CO2 emissions, stemming from a variety of industrial and economic activities, are major contributors to the greenhouse effect and global warming, posing substantial obstacles in addressing climate issues. It is imperative to forecast CO2 emissions trends and classify countries based on their emission patterns to effectively mitigate worldwide carbon emissions. This paper presents an in-depth comparative study on the determinants of CO2 emissions in twenty countries with high Human Development Index (HDI), exploring factors related to economy, environment, energy use, and renewable resources over a span of 25 years. The study unfolds in two distinct phases: initially, statistical techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), fixed effects, and random effects models are applied to pinpoint significant determinants of CO2 emissions. Following this, the study leverages supervised and unsupervised time series approaches to further scrutinize and understand the factors influencing CO2 emissions. Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous variables (SARIMAX), a statistical time series forecasting model, is first used to predict emission trends from historical data, offering practical insights for policy formulation. Subsequently, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), an unsupervised time series clustering approach, is used to group countries by similar emission patterns. The dual-phase approach utilized in this study significantly improves the accuracy of CO2 emissions predictions while also providing a deeper insight into global emission trends. By adopting this thorough analytical framework, nations can develop more focused and effective carbon reduction policies, playing a vital role in the global initiative to combat climate change.

The profound impact of the greenhouse effect on urban environments based on mechanisms and mitigation strategies

As the city of Xi'an expands rapidly, the urban heat island (UHI) effect and the greenhouse effect are becoming more and more pronounced in terms of the city's temperature impact. The dense population in the urban core, coupled with the expanding suburbs, makes the city's climate change particularly dramatic. This study examines how the greenhouse effect is further exacerbating the urban heat island effect in Xi'an, with a particular focus on the impacts on the city's energy demand, public health, and the quality of life of its residents. Based on long-term climate data, pollutant levels and satellite remote sensing analysis, the study shows that urban sprawl and the accumulation of greenhouse gases are clearly leading to an increase in the temperature difference between the city centre and the surrounding areas. These findings not only reveal the causes of localized climate anomalies, but also show increased health risks and energy demand for residents. Through these observations, this paper highlights the strong link between urban planning and climate, and suggests that the necessary measures to address these challenges are to increase green space and promote energy-efficient buildings, measures that are essential to alleviate the problems in Xi'an's urban environment.

Analysis on the Effects of Ocean on Temperature

Nowadays, global climate change is one of the main concerns of modern society and an enormous issue for all humankind. Temperature is closely related to the greenhouse effect, so one of the major topics to be investigated in global climate is the factors affecting temperature rise. To estimate this change, it is typically crucial to forecast the temperature in the future. The Earth's average temperature is determined by a multi-step and complex process that uses statistical techniques and data from various sources. By collecting and summarizing data, this paper mainly focuses on analyzing the trends in sea surface temperature over the past few hundred years. Through recent studies and case analysis, this paper highlights that the ocean has become an indispensable part of mitigating climate warming and stabilizing temperature. The significance of studying the impact of the ocean on temperature lies in its role as a climate regulator, providing scientific basis for global climate change and guidance for regional adaptation efforts. Because of its enormous heat capacity and thermal inertia, the ocean is an important component of the climate system and plays a buffering and regulating role in atmospheric temperature.

Current Status of Research on Marine Nitrous Oxide Greenhouse Gases

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 200 times that of carbon dioxide (CO) [1]. N2O not only enhances the greenhouse effect but also breaks down in the stratosphere to produce nitrogen oxides (NO), which catalyze the destruction of the ozone layer [2]. This article reviews studies on N2O, exploring its distribution and generation mechanisms in various marine regions and discussing its environmental impact.The ocean is the largest natural source of N2O, with significant contributions from oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs) where high rates of nitrification and incomplete denitrification occur. Other high-oxygen areas, which cover 97% of the ocean, have different production mechanisms that are not well understood [4].This article aims to summarize the formation mechanisms, distribution, and effects of N2O, providing an overview of its current research status as a greenhouse gas

The punctuated evolution of the Venusian atmosphere from a transition in mantle convective style and volcanic outgassing.

A key question in the planetary sciences centers on the divergence between the sibling planets, Venus and Earth. Venus currently does not operate with plate tectonics, and its thick atmosphere has led to extreme greenhouse conditions. It is unknown if this state was set primordially or if Venus was once more Earth-like. Here, we explore Venus as an example of a planet that recently transitioned between tectonic regimes. Our results show that transitions naturally lead to substantial resurfacing and melt-generated outgassing from lithosphere-breaking events and overturns, with 3 to 10 bars of atmosphere generated per overturn over ~60-million year timescales and ~10 to 100 bars outgassed over billion-year time frames. We find that the observation of Venus with a thick greenhouse atmosphere and the inferences of currently low volcanic rates and previous prodigious volcanic rates are consistent with a planet that has undergone a transition in tectonics, suggesting that Venus once hosted clement surface conditions and was more Earth-like.

Greenhouse Gas Emission Characteristics and Influencing Factors from Vegetable Fields with Different Organic Planting Years

To clarify the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions （CO2, CH4, and N2O） and the comprehensive greenhouse effect from vegetable fields with different organic planting years, the differences in greenhouse gas emission flux, emission intensity （GHGI）, and global warming potential （GWP） and their influencing factors among vegetable fields with different organic planting years in Songhuaba, including 10 years, 6 years, 3 years, and conventional planting, were analyzed. The results showed that the CO2 emissions from organic planting treatments were higher than those from conventional planting, whereas the N2O and CH4 emissions were the opposite. Compared to those from conventional planting, the CO2 emission fluxes and cumulative emissions from organic cultivation for 10, 6, and 3 years increased by 121.28% and 40.44%, 144.61% and 51.39%, and 130.10% and 41.77% （P < 0.05）, respectively, and the N2O emission fluxes and cumulative emissions decreased by 26.08% and 186.03%, 9.6% and 3.55%, and 35.9% and 151.78%, respectively. The CH4 emission flux was shown as follows： conventional planting > organic planting for 10 years > organic planting for 6 years > organic cultivation for 3 years, and the CH4 emissions from cultivational planting and organic planting for 10 years were shown as "source," while the CH4 emissions from organic planting for 6 years and 3 years were shown as "sink." Compared with those from conventional planting, the GWP and GHGI from organic planting for 10 years and 3 years were reduced by 40.57% and 61.43%, 43.83% and 57.98% （P < 0.05）, respectively. Organic planting slightly reduced the vegetable yield but significantly reduced GWP and GHGI （P < 0.05）. Soil temperature and humidity, SOC, and inorganic nitrogen were the key factors affecting the difference in greenhouse gas emissions between treatments. Organic planting significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions from vegetable fields, and the differences in greenhouse gas emissions among different years of organic planting were closely related to soil organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen. The research results can provide a scientific basis for carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and the green development of organic vegetable production systems.

Guadua angustifolia biochar/TiO2 composite and biochar as bio-based materials with environmental and agricultural application

Globally, the companies that make commercial use of bamboo culms produce different kinds of solid waste rich in lignocellulosic biomass, which in some cases is not used and is discarded in landfills or incinerated in the open air; losing the possibility of recovering them and using them in other productive sectors. The research objective were to produce a biochar from Guadua agustifolia Kunth sawdust, evaluate its potential environmental and agricultural use, obtain a biochar/TiO2 composite to inactivate Escherichia coli and use the biochar as a soil conditioner in medicinal plants producing phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Biochar composite (produced at 300 °C for 1 h) involved TiO2 at 450 °C for 1 h for inactivation of E. coli (initial concentration: 6.5 ± 0.3 Log10 CFU mL− 1). For agriculture, 2% biochar was used to evaluate B. pilosa L. and G. angustifolia plant growth for 90 days. The biochar/TiO2 composite had a high photocatalytic activity on E. coli, generating a final count of 1.97 ± 0.2 Log10 CFU mL− 1 after 60 min. Biochar (2%) increased the total phenol and flavonoid content in the medicinal plant B. pilosa L. and total phenols in G. angustifolia, tested at the nursery stage. This study provides new information on the conversion and use of G. angustifolia sawdust as an alternative for new bio-based materials with environmental and agricultural applications. In addition, obtaining biochar and composite could positively impact the bamboo production chain in Colombia because of renewable and globally accepted alternatives that help capture gaseous emissions causing the greenhouse effect.

A review on research progress of double perovskite oxides for oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts and supercapacitors

In the past decade, the rapidly increasing global demand for energy and extensive concerns about the greenhouse effect and environmental problem from fossil fuels, have stimulated intensive research interest in...

Progress in palladium-based bimetallic catalysts for lean methane combustion: Towards harsh industrial applications

<p>Significant volumes of lean methane (0.1–1.0 vol%) are released untreated into the atmosphere during industrial operations, contributing to the greenhouse effect and energy wastage. Catalytic methane combustion presents a promising avenue to mitigate these emissions. Depending on their active components, catalytic systems are predominantly categorized into noble metal-based and non-noble metal-based catalysts, with palladium (Pd)-based catalysts recognized for their superior low-temperature oxidation activity. Nevertheless, enhancing the thermal stability of Pd remains challenging, complicated by impurities such as H<sub>2</sub>O, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S in the lean methane stream, which can cause catalyst poisoning and deactivation. Recent research has focused on the design of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts, offering improved stability, activity, and resistance to poisoning in harsh industrial conditions. This review examines advancements in improving the deactivation resistance of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for lean methane combustion, covering active site characterization, dispersion and metal-support interactions, the role of auxiliary metals, and structural modulation strategies. It also investigates the impact of harsh industrial environments on Pd-based catalyst performance, focusing on deactivation mechanisms and mitigation strategies. Ultimately, this review identifies current research trends and challenges for Pd-based catalysts in demanding applications. By providing insights into the design of Pd-based catalysts with enhanced stability, activity, and resistance to poisoning, this review aims to guide the development of catalysts that meet industrial demands.</p>

Pore engineering of porous framework materials for efficient SF6 capture

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an artificial inert gas widely used in the power and semiconductor industries and is known to be a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect due to its high global warming potential.

Balancing methane emission and alkalinity conservation: Insights from mineral amendments in coastal sediments.

With global climate warming and ocean acidification, mineral amendments in coastal areas have emerged as a promising strategy to bolster carbon sinks and alkalinity. However, most research has predominantly focused on carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption, with limited exploration of methane (CH4) reduction despite its more potent greenhouse effect. To address this gap, our study conducted a microcosm manipulative experiment employing coastal wetlands sediments to elucidate the regulatory effects of various mineral amendments on greenhouse gas emissions (including CO2 and CH4) and seawater alkalinity. The findings unveiled that olivine application effectively absorbed CO2, achieving a 175% reduction (-342.0mmolL-1h-1) in the late stage, while gypsum application significantly reduced CH4 by 53% (-6.06mmolL-1h-1) in the early stage. Nevertheless, applying gypsum led to a marked decrease in seawater alkalinity, potentially exacerbating ocean acidification and posing risks to marine ecosystems. Interestingly, the simultaneous application of both minerals showed promise in reducing CH4 emissions without compromising seawater alkalinity. This study presents a pioneering endeavor that contributes to the sustainable management of coastal wetlands and supports future initiatives at reducing CH4 emissions and alleviating ocean acidification.

The Real Cause of Global Warming: Infrared Radiation Emissions

For decades, efforts have been made to limit global warming. A unique action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is therefore insufficient. Indeed, the other direct but invisible cause, which combines with GHGs, was not taken into consideration during the various previous COPs. These are infrared emissions from the earth and particularly from artificial soils. The analogy is made between the greenhouse effect present in an agricultural greenhouse, a solar thermal collector and the Earth’s atmosphere. Significative Statement: The global warming due to the terrestrial green House Effect is effectively due to the Infrared Radiation emissions of soils of earth. The COP 28 do not indicate this important parameter. Thus, the exit from fossil fuels, carbon neutrality in 2050, and the use of nuclear power will not avoid the growth of global warming if we do not, at the same time, reduce the emissions of infrared radiation emissions from artificialized soils of the earth.

Research on the Carbon Footprint Impact of Using Individual Plastic Bottles in Orienteering Events in China

Global warming is nowadays seriously affecting people’s production and life and causing great harm to the natural environment. The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect, which is due to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As a measure of an activity’s contribution to global warming, the calculation of carbon footprint is essential. In China orienteering events, single-use bottled water is widely used as post-race supplies, which generates a large amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint. However, although bottled water is convenient, this consumption is still unnecessary, since there are other efficient alternatives. In this paper, the author discusses the possibility of changing the water supply strategy and method for orienteering events in China. Comparing the basic information and carbon footprint results produced by bottled water, barrel water and tap water, the author concludes that plastic materials required for barrel water are much less than bottled water since bottles own larger surface area than barrels when containing same amount of water. The author also summarizes that single-use bottled water system produces much more carbon footprints than municipal tap water system does due to the former one’s more complex and energy consuming process. In conclusion, the author considers that replacing single-use bottled water with barrel water and recycled cups or tap water is promising and has great benefits for the environment.

UV-Cured Robust and Transparent Double-Layer Membrane on Windows for Water Harvesting and Room Cooling.

The increasing demand for energy in cooling systems due to global warming presents a significant challenge. Conventional air-conditioning methods exacerbate climate change by contributing to heightened carbon emissions. Glass facades, renowned in modern architecture for their versatility and aesthetic appeal, inadvertently trap solar radiation, resulting in heat buildup and the greenhouse effect. To tackle these issues, we utilized roll-to-flat and light-curing technology to develop a hydrogel coating on a glass substrate with the assistance of ultraviolet (UV) adhesive. This water-contained hydrogel selectively absorbs ultraviolet and infrared light while allowing visible light transmission, thereby maintaining glass transparency. Leveraging the absorption of partial ultraviolet and infrared as active cooling and the liquid-to-gaseous phase change enthalpy of water as passive cooling, the hydrogel significantly reduces room temperatures by up to 8.1 °C under 0.75 sun irradiation, corresponding to a total room cooling power of about 192.6 W m-2. This study introduces a novel approach to transparent and energy-saving cooling in glass buildings, with the added potential for water resource recycling.

Utilization of Organic Waste as Takakura Compost and Its Effect on The Growth of Chili Plants

Garbage is still an environmental problem in Indonesia. One of the main causes of Indonesia's expanding waste problem is domestic garbage, of which 75 percent is organic waste. Although organic waste is easy to decompose, its accumulation can increase the greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce organic waste. Takakura compost is one method of reducing organic waste that is not widely known. This experimental study was conducted to provide an overview of the Takakura composting method and its effect on the growth of chili plants. Composting uses an EM4 activator, and the variables observed in the composting process are described descriptively: temperature, pH, texture, odor, color, and humidity. The experimental plant variables were chili plant height in control and experimental groups, described descriptively and statistically tested with One-way ANOVA. The experimental group used in the compost produced followed the compost maturity parameters in SNI 19-7030-2004. The planting trial showed no effect between planting media added with compost and those that only used soil as growing media.

Bokashi-Based Home Composter for Fertigation System

Organic waste management is a huge problem coming from residential homes throughout the country. Improper decomposition of waste generates methane, which contributes significantly to the environment in terms of greenhouse effects. The proposed solution is the Bokashi-Based Home Composter for Fertigation System as a medium of Internet of Things (IoT). This system is designed to help users initiate composting through Bokashi composting and automated fertigation. Bokashi composting involves using airtight containers, Bokashi bran, and organic waste, which undergoes anaerobic fermentation to produce Bokashi Tea - a liquid by-product used as a fertilizer. The system architecture features an ESP32 microcontroller, soil moisture, humidity, and temperature sensors, as well as pumps for dosing and irrigation, all controlled through an application dashboard. The final product assembly successfully achieved its objectives to produce Bokashi Tea in less than 14 days and utilize it by dosing it to water with ratio of 1:100 with flow a flow rate of 1.6 ml/s and main pump flow rate of 32.5 ml/s for fertigation purposes in residential homes. The system is complemented by an application dashboard that provides IoT functionality, where the hardware parameters can be monitored and controlled by the application through Wi-Fi connectivity. This paper explores the process of product design.

Hydrogen, Chronology and Electrochemical Production

Human gluttony is having a catastrophic effect on the environment. Since the age of industry and the world wars, modern societies have hygienically depleted most of the earth's resources, thus depleting all the resources that will be essential for future generations. The problem doesn't stop there: greenhouse gas emissions have significantly increased the earth's temperature, causing terrible damage to the climate. The production of green energy with no greenhouse effect seems essential to save the planet. Green hydrogen is a suitable and promising way to generate an energy source that produces H2O molecules instead of CO2. Water electrolysis is a very important technique for producing green H2 using an appropriate electrical current generated by a non-polluting energy source such as wind turbines. This review presents a historical and technical overview of the hydrogen element from its discovery to its current production. Throughout this work, we have tried to deal with the most significant historical periods.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Game Edukasi Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar

The learning process is still carried out using manual methods, so students tend to get bored quickly when participating in learning activities in class. The aim of this research is to improve science learning outcomes by applying educational role playing learning methods to Class 7 students at SMPN 2 Ratu for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research was carried out at SMPN 2 Ratu, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. The subjects in this research were 7th grade students of SMPN 2 Ratu, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research is classroom action research with 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 activities, namely planning, action, observation and reflection followed by planning in the next cycle by utilizing the results of previous reflection. The solution design in question is an action in the form of a role-playing learning method in teaching the subject of the Solar System for Class 7 SMPN 2 Ratu to 31 people. Research findings show that learning science using the educational role playing learning method can improve student learning outcomes as evidenced by the increase in science learning outcomes each cycle, namely from an average of 70.52 to an average of 80.19. students feel happy studying science in the field of biology with material on the greenhouse effect and are interested in learning.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BRAZILIAN LITERATURE

In basic education in Brazil, there is often confusion concerning the relationship between the greenhouse effect and global warming. The present work evaluates the status of research on this issue. A systematic literature review (SLR) was undertaken, considering studies published between 2013 and 2024, obtained using the databases CAPES Journal Portal, Google Scholar, and SciELO. The review investigated four main areas: the origin and geographical distribution of the research, the teaching strategies employed, the most common misconceptions among students, and the pedagogical contributions of the approaches described in the studies. The analysis revealed a significant increase in publications on the subject, driven by global events and the implementation of public educational policies. The strategies most frequently employed included investigative activities and the socioscientific issues approach, with an emphasis on promoting a critical understanding of climate phenomena. However, misconceptions persist, particularly related to the inability to differentiate between the natural greenhouse effect and global warming intensified by human actions. The results highlighted the need to improve pedagogical practices and revise teaching materials, to deliver education that goes beyond rote learning and can encourage critical thinking and informed decision-making. It could be concluded that integrating science, society, and politics into teaching is essential in preparing students to face the challenges arising from contemporary climate change. Keywords: greenhouse effect, global warming, systematic literature review.