Green Production Technology Research Articles

Analyzing the green efficiency of arable land use in China

In this study, a non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) approach is used to evaluate and analyze the green efficiency of arable land use of China's 30 provinces and cities during the period 1995–2013. The study finds that the green efficiency of arable land use in China shows a trend that is first declining and then increasing. Northeast China is the most efficient, followed by the southwestern region, the eastern region, and the northwestern region; the central region has the lowest efficiency. At the provincial level, the green efficiency of arable land use in Guangdong is the highest, followed by Guangxi and Jilin. The green efficiency of arable land use in Heilongjiang, Beijing, and Tibet is relatively low. All the environmentally green production technology leaders come from the northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern regions. The results of an analysis of dynamic efficiency change show that the technology change for arable land use was significantly higher than the efficiency change. This reflects that the country's attempts to improve production technology as well as its policies for the improvement of environmental conditions had played a significant role. Even though these practices are at the expense of short-term efficiency, they are conducive to long-term technological progress.

The role of microorganisms in achieving the sustainable development goals

In January 2016, the 2030 goals for sustainable development were set by the United Nations for achieving environmental, social and economic growth through green methods and cleaner production technologies. The most significant targets of these goals are the fulfillment of basic human needs and desires, since essential human necessities like food, cloth, shelter and health care are still not accessible to a majority of the people despite the great pace in the world's economy. Increased waste products and continuously depleting natural resources have diverted human attention towards efficient green and clear production technologies. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) aim at providing these fundamental necessities to everyone through the intelligent use of sustainable science. In this perspective, microorganisms, which are vital to the maintenance of life on earth, can play a major role. Although most people focus primarily on the disease-causing capabilities of microorganisms, there are numerous positive functions that microbes perform in the environment and hence, a need to explore the microbial world astutely as it can contribute tremendously to sustainable development. In this review, the integration of microbial technology for the achievement of SDGs is being put forth. The scope of the use of microorganisms, points of their control, methods for their better utilization and the role of education in achieving these targets are being discussed. If the society is educated enough about the ways that microbes can affect our lives, and if microbes are used intelligently, then some significant problems being faced by the world today including food, health, well-being and green energy can be adequately taken care of.

Green Production Technology of the Monomer of Nylon-6: Caprolactam

Abstract After two decades’ endeavor, the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) has successfully developed a green caprolactam (CPL) production technology. This technology is based on the integration of titanium silicate (TS)-1 zeolite with the slurry-bed reactor for the ammoximation of cyclohexanone, the integration of silicalite-1 zeolite with the moving-bed reactor for the gas-phase rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, and the integration of an amorphous nickel (Ni) catalyst with the magnetically stabilized bed reactor for the purification of caprolactam. The world’s first industrial plant based on this green CPL production technology has been built and possesses a capacity of 200 kt·a−1. Compared with existing technologies, the plant investment is pronouncedly reduced, and the nitrogen (N) atom utilization is drastically improved. The waste emission is reduced significantly; for example, no ammonium sulfate byproduct is produced. As a result, the price difference between CPL and benzene drops. In 2015, the capacity of the green CPL production technology reached 3 × 106 t·a−1, making China the world’s largest CPL producer, with a global market share exceeding 50%.

Linkage between Public Policy, Green Technology and Green Products on Environmental Awareness in the Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Linkage between Public Policy, Green Technology and Green Products on Environmental Awareness in the Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Information technology adoption for sustainable development: green e-books as an example

ABSTRACTIn recent years, due to increasing awareness of the need for environmental protection, there have been significant efforts to improve consumers’ acceptance of green information technology(IT) products for sustainable development. This study first investigated how knowledge about a green IT product (e-books) influences consumers’ planning processes by using the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior. Data from 320 respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships in the research model. Results show that perceived usefulness, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a significant and positive impact on the intention to purchase e-books. Results also show the moderating effect of consumers’ knowledge about the environmental friendliness of e-books on their intention to buy e-books. Finally, important implications of the findings are discussed, and directions for future research are also provided in this paper.

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVING THE ON POLICIES ANALYTICAL STUDY – FREE ZONE, ISMAILIA

This study aims to assessing the effective role that Environmental Policies play in achieving the industrial development through working inside free export zones, which occupied a major space of economists and politicians concerns whether in the developed or developing countries. These zones were established to attract, localize investments and as they considered one of economic development priorities. Due to the intensive competition that the world witnesses, it was necessary for all different types of organizations to find a shelter that protect them from the storms of change that characterizes the global market. This study reveals that the existence and sustainability of industrial organizations depend mainly on their commitment with applying the environmental policies through adopting the principle of preventing pollution at its source. Accordingly, the industrial organization endeavors to assess its current environmental position, adopts techniques of green production technologies, takes over polices of energy and resources rationalization, minimizing emits and pollutants. In addition to, using measures that target reducing the flow of wastes to increase recyclability, achieve competitiveness and access to global markets. It was revealed after studying the impact of current Environmental Policies that they don't reflect the quantity and quality of environmental issues already existed inside the free export zones, some of which, (Safe disposal of hazardous wastes and Solid wastes). As well as, the current environmental legislations don't keep pace with the continuous acceleration occurred in industrial development, which leads to a significant gap between what is stipulated in the law and the real practice.

Analytical Framework for the Assessment of Crop Production Technology

The objective of the study was to compile a methodical approach for a time-and-cost-efficient test of a crop production technology. The two or three-year procedure consisted of: (i) a survey among farmers on the technological state-of-the-art, (ii) screening the selected agro-technical factors with the use of factorial (FD) and/or fractional factorial design (FFD), (iii) a series of on-farm FD and FFD experiments and estimation of the total and individual contribution of the factors into costs and profitability of production. The test crop for verification of the procedure was pea (Pisum spp.). The approach is illustrated by empirical data obtained from the implementation of the procedure for testing of a green pea production technology in north-eastern Poland. The statistical efficiency and economic profitability of agrotechnical factors in the tested technology were given.

Impact of Green Production and Green Technology on Sustainability, Cases on Companies in India

Impact of Green Production and Green Technology on Sustainability, Cases on Companies in India

The Influence of the Dies Geometry on the Drawing Force for Steel Wires

Nowadays, the extremely control of the industrial processes is a practice becoming more and more common, leading to the component: green technology processes and products. In the wire drawing process that component is reached specially by the minimizing of the electricity consumption and the number of needed dies.Virtually every die's geometry is composed of five distinct areas. Two have significant implications on the level of the drawing force: the itself deformation area (approach area) and calibration zone (bearing area). Were built concrete cases which consisted in dies with different geometries meaning different values of half approach angle and different values for the length of the bearing area. The comparing of the theoretical results for drawing force level (calculated using Persson's mathematical formula) with the experimental results recorded on an experimental stand, led to conclusions regarding the optimal geometry of the die and actually in this aspect lies the essence of the work.

Importance of Green Technology in Fertilizer Quality Improvement

The topic can be divided in 3 main points:a)Fertilizer Quality Improvementb)Conventional Technologiesc)Green Technology.With the increased use of fertilizer, it is also required that a right quality of fertilizer is provided to the end user at affordable cost. Fertilizer Industry face problems of caking, dust generation, foaming, non homogenous distribution of micronutrients etc. Due to these problems, there are direct and indirect losses in terms of recycling, re-processing, rejections and penalties. Apart from these, such quality problems carry inferior brand image for fertilizer.To overcome such problems, some additional products are used which are termed as Fertilizer Quality Improvement Products. These FQI products help fertilizer manufacturer to deliver right quality fertilizer to the end users.There have been some conventional products which were/are in use. These products are more harmful than providing advantages to fertilizer and fertilizer users. Products like Fuel oil, Mineral Oil, Paraffin Wax are being used with fertilizer for it to remain free flowing and dust free. These coatings are not efficient, and also affect the soil in negative sense. The very purpose and cost of FQI, which was supposed to save the overall costs is lost.To overcome such negative effects and provide right products, GREEN TECHNOLOGY was introduced in this field. Latest generation Green products area)More effective, thus saves cost,b)From vegetable origin, hence better adaptability with soilc)Can be used in varied applications in fertilizer manufacturing processesd)Easy in Handling & non hazardouse)Last but not the least, Soil Friendly.This paper will also illustrate some technical studies in lab & plant scale where the comparison of Conventional products and latest generation Green Technology products has been done.It is proven that such green technology coatings reduce post production dust more than 80% as compared to about 45% by mineral oil based products. Such positive results have lead to convert more than 90% fertilizer manufacturer and blenders in South America to use vegetable origin coatings from conventional mineral oil & fuel oil based products. ConclusionQuality of fertilizer today is very important issue for the Manufacturer as well as end user. Quality loss may lead to financial losses during the production itself, loss of reputation and loss of required nutrition at the time of usage. Latest generation Green Technology FQI products take care of these fertilizer quality issues efficiently and economically. Proper application of such Fertilizer Quality Improvement products not only improve the quality of fertilizer and saves money, but also add value to the fertilizer product.

Study on knowledge and adoption of green gram production technology by farmers in Chhotaudaipur district of Gujarat

Study on knowledge and adoption of green gram production technology by farmers in Chhotaudaipur district of Gujarat

One-step semi-continuous cyclohexanone production via hydrogenation of phenol in a submerged ceramic membrane reactor

Cyclohexanone is an important chemical raw material, and the development of green production technologies is urgently desirable. In this article, a clean and efficient process of phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone was developed over a Pd@CN catalyst in a submerged ceramic membrane reactor, which realized the in-situ separation and reuse of catalyst. The effects of operation conditions on the reaction and filtration processes were investigated in detail. Results showed that the introduction of membrane had almost no influence on the phenol conversion and cyclohexanone selectivity, but the operation conditions greatly affected the performance of reaction and filtration. Semi-continuous phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone showed that the Pd@CN catalyst could maintain a high phenol conversion at ∼94.6% and a cyclohexanone selectivity above 86.5%, and the ceramic membrane exhibited better filtration performance and excellent stability during the entire hydrogenation process. This work would provide some references for green production of cyclohexanone.

Numerical Investigation of Dry and Lubricated Sheet Metal Forming Processes

The current global development towards efficient and sustainable usage of resources as well as a stronger environmental awareness motivates lubrication abandonment in metal forming. Dry forming processes accomplish besides a green production technology also a shortage in production steps and time. However, the change of the tribological conditions influences the material flow during the forming operations and has therefore to be taken into account for the design of complex sheet metal forming operations. The aim of this study is a comparison of dry and lubricated processes by numerical as well as experimental investigations. To ensure reliable results a test setup is necessary which provides a discrete control of the process parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of the local material flow by an optical strain measurement system during the whole test procedure should be possible. These requirements are well fulfilled by the so called Nakajima test, which is typically used for the characterisation of the formability of sheet metals. The influence of varying friction coefficients on the material behaviour is discussed based on the numerical model built up in the Finite Element Software LS-Dyna. The numerical results show a good conformity with the experimental outcomes by identifying the strain localisation. Based on the gained knowledge of the investigations an increase of process understanding for dry forming operations will be derived.

Competition and Externalities in Green Technology Adoption

In this paper, we study the effects of competition among multiple suppliers who sell green technology products, such as electric vehicles. The government offers consumer subsidies to encourage the product adoption. We consider a setting where suppliers adjust production and price depending on the level of subsidies offered by the government. Our analysis expands the understanding of symmetric and asymmetric competition, incorporating the external influence of the government who is now an additional player in the system. We quantify how competition impacts the consumers, the suppliers as well as the government relative to the monopolistic setting where all the products are jointly produced from a single firm. In other words, we quantify who benefits from the competition and under what conditions. Our model incorporates demand uncertainty as well as positive externalities. We first compare different government objectives and determine that the magnitude of the externalities plays a key role in selecting the right objective. We then show that the effects of competition may differ depending on the demand uncertainty, the suppliers asymmetry and the magnitude of the externalities. When externalities are relatively small, we show that competition hurts the suppliers and benefits the government. However, it does not always benefit all the consumers, as it is usually the case in classical competition settings. We also show that in a market with large externalities, consumers, unlike the government, are always better-off in a competitive environment. Finally, we test our model and validate our insights using publicly available data from the electric vehicle industry, which is becoming increasingly competitive.

Performance of lucerne (Medicago sativa) under semi-arid ecosystem of Central Gujarat

The present study was conducted to popularize the improved green fodder production technology in Panchmahals district of Central Gujarat. Constraints in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) production were identified through participatory approach. Preferential ranking technique was utilized to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in lucerne production. The results revealed that lack of suitable HYVs, scarcity of irrigation water, weed (Cuscuta spp.) infestation and lack of technical knowledge were found to be the four most important factors responsible for the non-adoption of HYVs of lucerne in Panchmahals district of Gujarat. The yield of green fodder from lucerne in demonstrated variety Anand 2 was 610 q/ha as compared to local check (395 q/ha). The percentage increase in the yield over local check was computed to be 54.43.Results of study on economic analysis of the yield performance revealed that the front line demonstrations (Anand 2) recorded higher gross returns (Rupees 91 500/ha) and net return (Rupees 64 500/ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (3.39) as compared to local check (2.61). Mean difference with respect to farmers’ knowledge level after implementation of frontline demonstrations increased with the tune of 37.20. The impact of frontline demonstrations was also analyzed which had reflected significant improvement in knowledge and satisfaction level on the part of farmers.

Green mechanical activation-assisted solid phase synthesis of cellulose esters using a co-reactant: effect of chain length of fatty acids on reaction efficiency and structure properties of products

A green, simple, and efficient technology for direct production of cellulose mixed esters with acetyl and long chain acyl substituents.

Factors that Influence Green Purchase Behaviour among Young Consumers

The worsening environmental issues have called for more thoroughgoing technological, institutional and social transformations taking place in the world. Green industry is seen as one of them. Investments and research development in green technology and green products are remedial actions to reduce environmental deterioration. The objective of this paper is to examine the factors that influence green purchase behavior among young consumers. A total sample of 204 green product users was collected through self-administrative questionnaires in Melaka, Malaysia. The results show that environmental concern, social influence and government and industry role are three independent variables that have relationship with green purchase behavior among consumers.

Computational and experimental analysis of a commercially available Seebeck module

During the last decade thermoelectrics have emerged as a promising alternative amongst other green power production technologies due to the unique advantages they present. In this respect, performance prediction of thermoelectric devices is critical both for evaluating the potential application of new materials and defining the crucial design parameters of thermoelectric generators and systems. This paper investigates, computationally as well as experimentally, the performance of a commercially available Seebeck module under steady-state operating conditions. Computational results, retrieved using ANSYS Workbench (v. 14.0), were compared to performance data available by the manufacturer. Additionally to that, in order to further verify the integrity of the modelling procedure, experimental evaluation using the same commercial module was conducted in laboratory environment. Although a relatively large deviation between computational and manufacturer data was observed when the mean operating temperature of the generator was taken into account, a very good agreement was established in terms of generator efficiency, providing also a rational explanation to the resulting divergence of the first case. Furthermore, the outcomes of the experimental analysis validated the accuracy of the finite element modelling process.

Exploring shadow prices of carbon emissions at provincial levels in China

Since carbon emissions are considered to contribute the lion's share in global warming, extensive studies have been devoted to measuring the carbon emissions abatement cost in various ways. This paper derives the shadow prices of China's aggregate carbon emissions at provincial levels by using directional output distance function and Shephard output distance function. The empirical results indicate that the shadow prices estimated by the directional distance function with directional vector of (1,−1) are significantly higher than those estimated by Shephard distance function, which implies that the green production technology is very expensive for the developing country of China. In addition, the shadow prices of carbon emissions present a rising trend during the sample period, which implies that it is increasingly costly for China to regulate CO2 emissions. Moreover, the shadow price is positively correlated with regional economic development levels. Generally, the shadow price of the high income regions is significantly bigger than that of low income regions. Therefore, China should promote regional scheme of carbon emissions reduction, such as regional carbon emissions trading scheme, to fulfill its ambitious target of carbon emissions reductions.

Green Technology for Biodiesel Production From Mesua Ferrea L. Seed Oil

In this paper, the non-edible Mesua ferrea L. (MFL) seed oil with an acid value 18.8 mg KOH/g of oil, was tranesterified in the presence 1 MPa hydrogen pressure and also without the application of external pressure at 250–275 °C for 1 hour. The heterogeneous 1–5 wt.% Musa balbisiana Colla underground stem (MBCUS) ash catalyst was used during transesterification. The catalyst has a nano-metric dimension and has a versatile composition that consist of several alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, non-transition metal oxides and nonmetal oxides. The resultant biodiesel was separated using rotary vacuum evaporator and purified using molecular sieve and carbon columns. The biodiesel so obtained from MFL seed oil have been characterized as per available methods and found that the fuel properties are in conformity to ASTM and EN standards. 5 wt.% catalyst was found more effective as compared to other composition during ethanolysis. The effect of hydrogen pressure upon tranesterification was found negligible. Ethanol is a renewable liquid because it is made from renewable precursor such as biomass. It is expected that the use of whole renewable precursor during the process will fulfil the demand of 100% Green Technology for biodiesel production.