Green Tea Mouth Rinse Research Articles

Effect of Chlorhexidine Gluconate (0.2%), Combination (0.2% Chlorhexidine and 0.05% Sodium Fluoride), and Green Tea Extract (0.5%) Mouth Rinses on Colony Count Changes of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in Saliva – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Introduction Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are the well-known etiological factors for dental caries. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate is the “gold-standard” antimicrobial agent but having adverse effects such as brown staining of the teeth and altered taste. Thus, there is a need for an alternative herbal product. Objective This study was done to compare the efficacy of CHX gluconate (0.2%) and combination (0.2% CHX and 0.05% sodium fluoride [NaF]) mouth rinses to that of green tea extract (0.5%) mouth rinse in reducing the salivary count of S. mutans and L. acidophilus in dental students. Materials and Methods The sample size of the study was 75 dental students with ≥4 decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. They were divided into three equal groups to test various mouth rinses against S. mutans and Lactobacillus. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected at baseline and postrinse (14 days) and tested for the colony-forming units of S. mutans and Lactobacillus. The Chi-square test was used to ascertain the demographic characteristics of the study population. One-way ANOVA statistics and paired t-test were applied to calculate the inferential statistics between the variables. The statistical constant was fixed at P < 0.05. Results The results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant reduction in S. mutans and Lactobacilli count in all the three study groups. Conclusion Green tea mouth rinse can be a promising preventive therapy worldwide for the prevention of dental caries but CHX mouthwashes are superior in reduction of S. mutans and Lactobacillus.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of green tea mouth rinse on oral halitosis, tongue coating, and plaque accumulation in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse - A double-blind randomized control trial.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) mouth rinse is found effective in reducing periodontitis. However, studies evaluating the effectiveness of green tea extracts in reducing oral halitosis and tongue coating on Indian population were scanty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of green tea-based mouth rinse in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse in reducing dental plaque, tongue coating, and halitosis among human volunteers. This was a parallel-arm double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in two residential hostels in Mysuru city over 21 days. 90 adult participants were recruited and randomized into three groups: Group A: mouth rinse containing saline, Group B: 5% C. sinensis mouth rinse, and Group C: 0.2% chlorhexidine diluted to with equal quantity of water. Preintervention prophylaxis was done; tongue coating and oral halitosis scores were recorded and compared between the groups at baseline and after 21 days. The mean plaque buildup at postintervention was highest in Group 1 (2.45 ± 0.38) followed by Group 3 (1.18 ± 0.12) and Group 2 (1.08 ± 0.11) in the descending order. The mean oral halitosis score was highest in Group 1 (3.00 ± 0.79) followed by Group 3 (1.53 ± 0.50) and Group 2 (1.50 ± 0.50) in the descending order. The mean tongue coating score was highest in Group 1 (1.17 ± 0.47) followed by Group 2 (0.75 ± 0.36) and Group 3 (0.69 ± 0.34) in the descending order. Five percent C. sinensis mouth rinse is as effective as commercially available 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque deposition, tongue coating, and oral halitosis.

Comparative evaluation of the anti-plaque efficacy of green tea extract mouthrinse and white tea extract mouthrinse with chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse-A clinical and microbiological study

Introduction: Numerous studies have been conducted based on the natural mouthwashes, with fewer side effects, as an alternative to chemical ones. The aim of this study is to compare clinically and microbiologically the anti plaque efficacy of mouthwash containing extract of green tea, white tea extract with chlorhexidinegluconate mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was performed in the department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India. All the patients were educated about the study and then a written informed consent was acquired before enrolment in the study. The study was conducted for a period of 10 days. A total of 30 Dental students were selected as patients of age group of 19-23 years(from 1st to 2nd year) according to assigned inclusion criteria, oral prophylaxis was performed & the subjects were randomly allocated equally to one of the three treatment groups (10 each) Group A – Green Tea Extract , Group B – White Tea Extract , Group C- Chlorhexidinegulconate. The subjects were assessed both preoperatively and postoperatively clinically by recording the plaque and gingival indices and microbiologically by counting the number of colonies forming units/mL (CFU/mL). Results: Green Tea showed statistically significant difference in clinical parameters and in CFUs/ml compared to White Tea. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that White Tea and Green Tea mouth rinse were found to be a potent anti-plaque agent although less efficacious than chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Green tea catechin mouthwash was comparably efficacious to chlorhexidinegluconate as an antiplaque agent when used for 10 days. Keywords: Green tea, White tea, Chlorhexidinegluconate mouth rinse, Antiplaque.

Effectiveness of brewed green tea and mouthwash containing green tea extract against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Saliva

Background: Green tea is known to exert an antibacterial effect against cariogenic pathogens. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of brewed green tea as mouth rinse against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva and compare it to the effect of a commercial mouthwash containing green tea extract. Methods: Saliva of 30 healthy individuals aged 19–40 years was collected before treatment, 1 min after gargling, and 1 week after daily treatment with brewed green tea as a mouth rinse or commercial mouthwash containing green tea. Bacterial DNA was extracted from salivary samples and evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The total number of DNA targets was analyzed using SYBR Green and 16S ribosomal RNA gene-specific primers for S. mutans and P. gingivalis. The data were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test. The level of significance was set to P < 0.05. Results: Green tea mouth rinse and mouthwash containing green tea extract significantly reduced the number of S. mutans and P. gingivalis in the participants' saliva after 1 week of use (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects of brewed green tea mouth rinse and commercial mouthwash containing green tea. Conclusion: The use of mouthwash containing green tea and brewed green tea mouth rinse reduces the number of S. mutans and P. gingivalis in saliva. Brewed green tea can be used as a mouth rinse with effects comparable to those of commercial mouthwash containing green tea. Further studies are warranted to explore its effects on other oral pathogens.

Effect of Green Tea Extract Mouthrinse and Probiotic Mouthrinse on Salivary pH in a Group of Schoolchildren: An In Vivo Study.

ABSTRACTAim and Objective:The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of probiotic and green tea mouthrinse on salivary pH.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted over a period of 1 month among 40 healthy schoolchildren aged between 6 and 8 years. The subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups, namely probiotic and green tea groups. Salivary pH was recorded at baseline (0 day) and at the end of the specified time using GC pH strips. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result:The comparison of mean pH scores for green tea showed that the pH of saliva was increased in the children after rinsing with green tea (6.00–7.60) and was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Similarly, when pre- and post-mean pH was compared in the probiotic group, the pH was found to be higher in the probiotic rinse group (5.60–7.20). The results were statistically significant.Conclusion:The study conducted shows the beneficial effects of green tea in providing a alkaline environment, which is conducive to the oral health of children.

Effectiveness of Green Tea Mouth Rinse over Combination Mouth Rinse in Restoring Salivary pH Post Sugar Exposure in Children

Effectiveness of Green Tea Mouth Rinse over Combination Mouth Rinse in Restoring Salivary pH Post Sugar Exposure in Children

Effect of Probiotic and Green Tea Mouth Rinse Against Salivary Streptococcus mutans: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Probiotic and Green Tea Mouth Rinse Against Salivary Streptococcus mutans: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Antibacterial efficacy of green tea mouth rinse in children with early childhood caries

Purpose Of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of green tea (0.5%) mouth rinse to that of chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.125%) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli spp. Participants and methods Forty-two children had early childhood cairns were recruited in this study, and randomly divided, using lottery method, into three groups; group A: children using green tea mouthwash; group B: children using CHX (0.12%) mouthwash; group C: children using colored flavored nonsweetened tape water. They were instructed to rinse the mouth for 1 min using 5 ml of the respective mouth rinse 30 min after the tooth brushing for 2 weeks. A volume of 2 ml saliva samples were collected prior to the commencement of mouth rinsing, and after 2 weeks rinsing, data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results Revealed both CHX and green tea mouth rinses showed a statistically significant fall in the colony counts of S. mutans and Lactobacilli spp. (P < 0.001 and <0.001), while in the third group not statistically significant (P = 0.003 and 0.183) for S. mutans and Lactobacilli spp., respectively). When the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX and green tea was evaluated against both S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp., no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.462 and 0.824, respectively).

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Green Tea Mouth Rinse and Green Tea Gel on the Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Colony Count in 12-18-year-old Teenagers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aims:Green tea is an antibacterial agent with no significant side effect. This feature makes green tea safe for children to use. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of green tea gel and mouth rinse on salivary level of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus of teenagers aged 12–18 years.Subjects and Methods:In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, 30 children aged 12–18 years were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in mouth rinse group were asked to rinse their mouth with 0.5% green tea mouthwash twice a day for 2 weeks. In the gel group, participants were requested to brush their teeth with 0.5% green tea gel twice a day for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of washout period, mouthwash group applied the gel and the gel group rinsed the mouthwash for 2 weeks and with the same instruction as mentioned. Colony count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus was determined before and after intervention and data were analyzed using t-test.Results:According to the independent t-test, there was no significant difference in the salivary levels of S. mutans before and after intervention regarding age and gender (P = 0.33). Results from paired t-test showed significant decrease in the mean count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus colonies in both groups before and after intervention (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Green tea gel and mouthwash contribute to a significant reduction of salivary levels of S. mutans and Lactobacillus colonies, with a greater effect of mouthwash than the green tea gel, which was not statistically significant.

Efficacy of probiotic and green tea mouthrinse on salivary pH.

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of probiotic and green tea mouthrinse on salivary pH. Study was conducted over a period of one month among 40 healthy school children aged between 6-8 years. The subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups namely probiotic and green tea groups. Salivary pH was recorded at baseline (0 day) and at the end of the specified time period using GC pH strips. Statistical analysis was done using paired 't' test P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The comparison of mean pH scores for green tea showed that the pH of saliva was increased in the children after rinsing with green tea (6.15 to 7.65) and was statistically significant (p<0.001). Similarly when pre and post mean pH was compared in the probiotic group pH increased from (6.45 to 6.65) however, the results were not statistically significant. The study conducted shows the beneficial effects of green tea in providing a alkaline environment which is conducive to the oral health of children.

Effect of Green Tea as a Mouth Rinse on Streptococcus Mutans

Plant extracts have been widely used in topical and oral applications for disease treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of green tea as mouth rinse for children on plaque streptococcus mutans and to compare it with that of a chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Plaque samples were tested for Streptococcus Colony Forming Units before and following a 21 day period of oral rinsing. A significant reduction in plaque S.mutans counts was observed with Green tea mouth rinse, which was not significantly different from that of the time tested chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The use of a green tea as a mouth rinse appears to be effective for regular use as part of a daily preventive regime in children.

Anti-microbial efficacy of green tea and chlorhexidine mouth rinses against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli spp. and Candida albicans in children with severe early childhood caries: A randomized clinical study

Green tea is a beverage which is consumed worldwide and is reported to have anti-cariogenic effect. So, if it was as effective as chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse against cariogenic microbes it could be considered a natural, economical alternative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti-microbial efficacy of 0.5% green tea and 0.2% CHX mouth rinses against Streptococcus Mutans, Lactobacilli spp. and Candida Albicans. 30 children aged 4-6 years with S-ECC (based on defs score) were selected. Children were divided randomly into 2 equal groups and were asked to rinse with the prescribed mouth rinse once daily for 2 weeks after breakfast under supervision. A base-line and post rinsing non-stimulated whole salivary sample (2 ml) was collected and tested for the number of colony forming units. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS v16.0 software with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's POSTHOC test. A statistically significant fall in colony count was found with both the mouth rinses in Streptococcus Mutans (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and lactobacilli (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) but not against Candida albicans (P = 0.264, P = 0.264). Against Streptococcus Mutans, green tea mouth rinse was found to be significantly better than CHX mouth rinse (P = 0.005). Against lactobacilli spp, CHX mouth rinse was significantly better than green tea mouth rinse (P < 0.001). Green tea mouth rinse can be considered safe, economical and used without much concern. However, further studies are recommended.

Effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash in patients with acute pericoronitis: a randomized clinical trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in controlling the pain and trismus associated with acute pericoronitis in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. Ninety-seven patients with acute pericoronitis underwent debridement and received 5% green tea mouthwash (study group) or 0.12% CHX mouth rinse (control group). Pain (visual analogue scale; VAS), number of analgesics, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and number of patients with trismus were determined. There were no significant differences in demographic variables (P>0.05), or baseline VAS (P>0.006), MMO (P>0.017) or number of patients with trismus (P>0.017) between the two groups. The mean VAS score of the study group was statistically lower than that of the control group between post-treatment days 3 and 5 (P<0.006). A significantly lower number of analgesics were taken by the study group (P<0.05). Although the MMO of the study group was significantly lower on day 3 (P<0.017), no significant difference was observed on day 7 (P>0.017). Fewer of the patients rinsing with green tea had trismus on days 3 and 7, but the difference was non-significant (P>0.017). Hence, green tea mouth rinse could be an appropriate and effective choice for the control of pain and trismus in acute pericoronitis.

Antibacterial effect of Iranian green-tea-containing mouthrinse vs chlorhexidine 0.2%: an in vitro study.

Considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of green tea, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of mouthrinses containing green tea extract vs 0.2% chlorhexidine on selected microorganisms in vitro. The antibacterial activity of both mouthrinses and the pure green tea extract was assessed by using disk diffusion and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods against five microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Escherichia coli. Growth inhibition zones were measured in mm after 24 h of incubation at 37°C. The two mouthrinses were assessed at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 mg/ml to determine the MIC, which was interpreted as the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibited the growth of the test species. 0.2% chlorhexidine produced a larger zone of growth inhibition than did the mouthrinse made of green tea extract (P < 0.01). Paradoxically, the growth inhibition zones of the tested bacteria were significantly larger in pure extract of green tea than in 0.2% chlorhexidine (P < 0.01). The chlorhexidine mouthrinse inhibited the growth of all tested species and exhibited significantly lower MICs than did the green tea mouthrinse (P < 0.01). Even though the mouthrinse made with green tea extract presented an in vitro antimicrobial activity inferior to 0.2% chlorhexidine, the pure extract had considerable bactericidal effect.

Effects of Green Tea on Streptococcus mutans Counts- A Randomised Control Trail.

Mouth rinses have been in use from time immemorial as a supplement for routine oral hygiene. There are many number of mouth rinses currently available in the market in which many of them possess certain drawback, which has necessitated the search for alternate mouth rinses. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of rinsing with green tea in comparison with chlorhexidine and plain water on Streptococcus mutans count. A short term, single blinded, cross over randomised control clinical trial. Study includes a total of 30 subjects aged 20 to 25 years divided into three groups that is green tea group, chlorhexidine group, and plain water group. A baseline plaque samples were collected and under supervision of examiner all the subjects rinsed with 10 ml of respective solutions for one minute. Plaque samples were collected at five minutes after rinsing. All the 30 subjects were exposed to all the three rinses with a wash out period of seven days between the interventions. All the samples were sent to microbial analysis. Wilcoxon matched pair test and Mann-Whitney U test showed that both chlorhexidine and green tea significantly reduced Streptococcus mutans colony counts compared to plain water. The results of present study indicate that green tea mouth rinse proved to be equally effective compared to chlorhexidine which is considered as gold standard. This may also be a valuable public health intervention as it is economical and has multiple health benefits.

Comparing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus colony count changes following green tea mouth rinse or sodium fluoride mouth rinse use in children (Randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial)

Comparing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus colony count changes following green tea mouth rinse or sodium fluoride mouth rinse use in children (Randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial)