Green Synthetic Approach Research Articles

Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of N-Formylaniline Derivatives Using Oxalic Acid as a Dual Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Donor.

A palladium-catalyzed three-component reaction enabled the synthesis of N-formylanilines from aryl iodides, NaN3, and oxalic acid. This one-pot process involves aminocarbonylation, the Curtius rearrangement, and reduction using oxalic acid as both a carbon monoxide and hydrogen donor. The method has a broad substrate scope, tolerates various functional groups, and delivers N-formylanilines in high yields, making it a green and useful synthetic approach.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Apple Peel‐Derived Selenium Nanoparticles for Anti‐Fungal Activity and Effects of MexA Gene Expression on Efflux Pumps in Acinetobacter baumannii

ABSTRACTSelenium nanoparticles (Se‐NPs) were produced adopting an environmentally benign green synthetic approach from the waste biomaterial obtained from the apple peel extract (APE). The produced NPs were characterized through UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV–Visible spectra exhibited the absorption peak λmax at 295 nm, confirming the formation of Se‐NPs. The AFM examination revealed the roughness and distribution of the nanoparticles, and FT‐IR ascertained the surface‐contained functional groups presence. The XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample, and FE‐SEM validated the surface morphology and the size range of 52 to 84 nm. The TEM demonstrated the spherical shapes of the Se‐NPs with a face‐centered cubic crystal nature, whereas the size distribution analysis showed mean size of 70 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 500 μg mL−1 against Candida spp., namely, C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, and C. ciferrii, confirmed their anti‐fungal activity with the in control and minor statistical difference (p < 0.05) in the dissemination mean zones of inhibition for the Se‐NPs treatment against these fungi. The Se‐NPs effects on MexA gene expression demonstrated the efflux pump role in the anti‐fungal activity and gene's down regulation for the treated fungal strains. The Se‐NPs exhibited their anti‐fungal activity against the multi‐drug resistant microbes.

Facile synthesis of Fe/W co-doped MoO3 nanomaterial for proficient photocatalytic, enhanced sensing, superior luminescence and antioxidant activities

We report a new, easy and environment friendly defects engineered approach to develop defect-rich Fe/W co-doped MoO3 nanoparticles (Fe,W-MoO3 NPs) for a variety of applications. The solution combustion process entails using Millettia peguensis flowers extract as a unique fuel for the synthesis of Fe,W-MoO3 NPs. The synthesized NPs were characterized by various physical techniques. As prepared NPs were well examined for photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) dye degradation, electrocatalytic nitrite sensing, antioxidant and luminescence performances. Under visible light irradiation, Fe,W-MoO3 NPs exhibit outstanding photocatalytic performance towards MB dye degradation. Complete degradation of MB dye was demonstrated by the photocatalyst within a short span of 30 min. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry studies were carried out to assess the electrocatalytic performance of as synthesized NPs. The Fe,W-MoO3 fabricated electrode manifested substantial nitrite sensing activity with LOD of 23.36 ± 1.17 µM. Fe,W-MoO3 nanoparticles demonstrated significant DPPH antiradical properties with IC50 of 394.33 ± 19.17 μg/mL. Also, as synthesized NPs exhibited significant luminescence activity portraying it as an efficient luminescent material. Thus, the current work manifests an inexpensive and sustainable green synthetic approach for large-scale synthesis of multifaceted Fe,W-MoO3 NPs.

Pot-Economical Approaches to the Synthesis and Functionalization of Phthalocyanines for Clean Energy Production

The last decades have witnessed a growing interest in reducing the ecological and economic impact of chemical processes, with an important focus on the development of more environmentally friendly procedures and methodologies in organic synthesis. Given the extreme versatility and technological importance of phthalocyanines for a variety of applications, of which clean energy production is among the most relevant, the design and study of alternative and less-impacting synthetic approaches to the conventional ones have gained importance in the last years. Their synthesis in solution frequently requires reaction media such as high boiling point alcohols (pentanol, hexanol), dimethylaminoethanol, chlorobenzene, quinoline, and α-chloronaphthalene, most of which are toxic and non-environmentally friendly. Some green synthetic approaches based on solvothermal methods [1,2], mechanochemistry [3], or alternative sources of energy such as microwaves [4-6] and ultraviolet radiation [7], have been developed in order to minimize if not overcome this issue and provide less-impacting experimental conditions for their production. A less studied but very promising approach concerns the development of pot-economical processes, in which two or more reactions take place in the same reaction vessel. The advantage of this approach is twofold: on the one hand it significantly reduces the amount of chemicals required to synthesize and purify a target product, on the other it minimizes the total time required to obtain it. Clearly, the process must be carefully designed in order to avoid yield decreases due to side reactions.In this contribution, the rational design of symmetrical and unsymmetrical substituted phthalocyanines by means of pot-economical approaches in solution will be shown and discussed, along with an estimation of the environmental and economic impact with respect to the related conventional procedures. Examples will be shown both of derivatization of already formed macrocycles, following a “late-stage functionalization” approach [8], and of derivatization of phthalonitriles followed by in-situ metal-templated cyclotetramerization. Furthermore, their optical and electrochemical characterization will be shown, discussed and compared with each other by relating the obtained data to their different chemical structures. Finally, examples of their implementation in the field of organic optoelectronics, with a focus on perovskite solar cells, will be presented. D. Li et al CrystEngComm 2018, 20, 2749–2758.D. Li, et al RSC Adv. 2021, 11, 31226–31234.D. Langerreiter et al Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202209033.A. Shaabani et al Dyes Pigm. 2007, 74, 279–282.D. Villemin et al Molecules 2001, 6, 831–844.A.C.S. Gonzalez et al. J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines 2020, 24, 947–958.Y. Saito et al Chem-NanoMat 2015, 1, 92–95.G. Zanotti et al ChemPlusChem 2020, 85, 1–12

Nicotinic Acid Derivatives As Novel Noncompetitive α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.

A library of novel nicotinic acid derivatives, focusing on the modification of position 6 of the pyridine ring with (thio)ether functionalities, was mostly produced through an innovative green synthetic approach (Cyrene-based) and evaluated for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 8 and 44 demonstrated micromolar inhibition against α-amylase (IC50 of 20.5 and 58.1 μM, respectively), with 44 exhibiting a remarkable ∼72% enzyme inactivation level, surpassing the efficacy of the control compound, acarbose. Conversely, 35 and 39 exhibited comparable inhibition values to acarbose against α-glucosidase (IC50 of 32.9 and 26.4 μM, respectively) and a significant enhancement in enzyme inhibition at saturation (∼80-90%). Mechanistic studies revealed that the most promising compounds operated through a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism for both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, offering advantages for function regulation over competitive inhibitors. These inhibitors may open a new perspective for the development of improved hypoglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Green Synthetic Strategies and Pharmaceutical Applications of Thiazine and its Derivatives: An Updated Review.

Thiazines are a sizable class of organic heterocycles that are notable for their skeletal versatility and relative chemical simplicity, making them among the most flexible sources of biologically active compounds. The term "green synthesis" refers to implementing energy-efficient procedures for the nature-friendly production of materials and chemicals using green solvents, catalysts, and suitable reaction conditions. Considering the importance of green chemistry and the outstanding therapeutic profile of thiazines, the present work was designed to review the recent advances in green chemistry-based synthetic strategies of thiazine and its derivatives. The green synthetic approaches, including microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and various other synthetic methods for thiazine and its derivatives, were discussed and generalized. In addition, applications of thiazine and its derivatives in pharmaceutical sciences were explained with examples of marketed drugs.The discussed sustainable synthetic methods for thiazines and their derivatives could be useful in developing other medicinally important lead molecules. They could also aid in developing new synthetic schemes and apparatuses that may simplify chemical manufacturing processes and enable novel reactions with minimal by-products while questing for optimal, green solvents. This review can help anyone interested in this fascinating class of heterocycles to make decisions about selecting targets and tasks for future research.

Insights into the photocatalytic and supercapacitor performance of V2O5 nanorods synthesized by green synthetic approach using Epipremnum aureum leaves extract

Insights into the photocatalytic and supercapacitor performance of V2O5 nanorods synthesized by green synthetic approach using Epipremnum aureum leaves extract

Synthesis and Surface properties of AOS Based detergents: A Green Synthetic approach

A novel sustainable AOS-based biodegradable detergent was produced and its physical properties were investigated. The functional metrics of detergent performance are equivalent to, and sometimes better than, commercial samples such as Surf Excel. The detergent formulations based on AOS are made with the least amount of Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, and acid slurry, which are utilized in excess commercial samples and contribute to pollution. All of these samples had good performance in terms of surface tension decrease, foam volume, and viscosity.

Green Synthetic Approach for the Preparation of Blue Emitting Gold Nanoclusters: A Simple Analytical Method for Detection of Hexaconazole Fungicide.

Blue emissive Argyreia nervosa-capped gold nanoclusters (A. nervosa-AuNCs) were synthesized via a simple environment-friendly method. The developed probe exhibits rapid response towards the target analyte (hexaconazole fungicide). Several characterizations, including FT-IR, UV-visible, fluorescence, HR-TEM, XPS, and fluorescence lifetime, were studied to confirm the formation of A. nervosa-AuNCs. The A. nervosa-AuNCs displayed emission and excitation peaks at 470 and 390nm, respectively. Furthermore, the quantum yield (QY) of A. nervosa-AuNCs was 21.25%. The as-synthesized A. nervosa-AuNCs showed a good linear response with hexaconazole in the concentration range of 0.025-180μM, with a detection limit (LOD) of 21.94nM, indicating A. nervosa-AuNCs could be used as a sensitive and selective probe for detecting hexaconazole through a fluorescence "turn-off" mechanism. The A. nervosa-AuNCs were successfully used to detect hexaconazole in real samples. Moreover, A. nervosa-AuNCs were used as a bio-imaging probe for visualization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

Catalytic Degradation Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using Actinidia deliciosa Peel Extract

The preparation of metallic nanoparticles using green synthetic approaches and its application toward the efficient degradation of environmentally hazardous dyes constitutes an attractive alternative to currently employed methods. In the current report, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully achieved using Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) peel aqueous extract as a bioreducing agent under optimized synthesis conditions. The experimental parameters were optimized in terms of reactant ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The biogenic nanoparticles exhibited SPR absorption band at λmax 480 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed quasispherical monodisperse nanoparticles which were 36 nm in diameter. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles was 106 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering, and the highly negative ζ-potential (−34 mV) supported its superior colloidal stability. Energy dispersive X-ray confirmed that silver is a major constituent of the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms confirmed the crystallinity of the nanoparticles and its face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice structure. The functional groups in the plant’s phytochemicals facilitating the reduction of Ag+ ions and stabilization of the formed AgNPs were identified by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In specific, the bands in the FTIR spectra at 3,412, 1,618, 1,419, and 1,237 cm−1 suggested the presence of phenolic compounds. Phytochemical analysis by colorimetric assays revealed that the kiwifruit peel extract was rich in phenolic compounds. When evaluated in the catalytic degradation of organic dyes, the biosynthesized AgNPs induced instant and complete discoloration of the methylene blue dye when 1.6 mg of nanoparticles was used. At a lower dose of AgNPs (0.4 mg), 80% degradation of the dye occurred after 3 hr of treatment. The degradation reaction followed second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01083 mM−1s−1. The current study highlights the immense potential of the prepared nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for the degradation of hazardous organic dyes such as methylene blue and presents an intriguing argument for investigating the catalytic efficiency of the biogenic AgNPs for the degradation of other structurally different dye pollutants.

Microwave-assisted Green Synthetic Approach towards Water Dispersible Luminescent PVP-coated Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+-doped KZnF3 Nanocrystals

Background: Perovskite fluoride nanomaterials are an interesting research topic in material science due to their exciting properties like high-temperature superconductivity, magnetic behaviour, piezoelectric behaviour, etc. Doping of lanthanide ions into the perovskite fluoride nanomaterials makes them more promising as they have applications from biological label-ling to multicolor optical devices. Objective: This study aimed to carry out the synthesis of perovskite KZnF3 nanocrystals in an eco-friendly environment with the help of a microwave-assisted route in a shorter reaction time and at low temperatures. Moreover, it aimed to make the nanocrystals water dispersible, illuminating brighter photoluminescence, which was achieved by coating nanocrystals surface with poly(N-vi-nyl-2-pyrrolidone) and doping of different lanthanide ions (Ln= Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+) respectively, into the KZnF3 nanocrystals matrix. Methods: The synthesis of nanocrystals was performed in an environment-friendly microwave-assisted way and under green conditions. For example, in the preparation of Tb3+(5mol%)-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals, 0.95 mmol of Zn(NO3)2 and 0.05 mmol of Tb(NO3)3 were dissolved in 8 mL of distilled water. Then, an 8 mL aqueous solution of KF (3 mmol) was added to it. The entire mixture was stirred well for 15 minutes. About 60 mg of PVP was added to the mixture and stirred for another 15 minutes. Then, a microwave reaction vessel was made by transferring the final reaction mixture into it and kept under microwave irradiation at 90°C temperature for 15 minutes. Finally, the product was cooled to room temperature and collected by centrifugation. Results: Both Tb3+(5mol%)-doped and Ce3+(15mol%)/Tb3+(5mol%) co-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals exhibit very strong green photoluminescence. The structural and optical properties of as-obtained nanocrystals were characterized by PXRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and photoluminescence spectra. Conclusion: The nanocrystals with uniform cubical morphology having ~60 nm sizes were successfully synthesized. The high photoluminescence efficiency, together with the water dispersibility of the nanocrystals, makes the material useful in many fields of optical devices and offers several biological applications. Moreover, this method could be used to make other lanthanide-doped perovskite fluoride nanocrystals.

Green Synthetic Approach for Catalyst-free Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-chromenes Promoted by Glycerol as a Reusable Medium

Green Synthetic Approach for Catalyst-free Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-chromenes Promoted by Glycerol as a Reusable Medium

Advanced protein-embedded bimetallic nanocomposite optimized for in vivo fluorescence and magnetic resonance bimodal imaging

HypothesisThe development of bimodal imaging probes represents a hot topic of current research. Herein, we deal with developing an innovative bimodal contrast agent enabling fluorescence imaging (FI)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, simultaneously, consisting of biocompatible nanostructures. Optimized synthesis of advanced protein-embedded bimetallic (APEBM) nanocomposite containing luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNC) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), suitable for in vivo dual-modal FI/MR imaging is reported. ExperimentsThe APEBM nanocomposite was prepared by a specific sequential one-pot green synthetic approach that is optimized to increase metals (Au, Fe) content and, consequently, the imaging ability of the resulting nanostructures. The protein matrix, represented by serum albumin, was intentionally chosen, and used since it creates an efficient protein corona for both types of optically/magnetically-susceptible nanostructures (AuNC, SPION) and ensures biocompatibility of the resulting APEBM nanocomposite although it contains elevated metal concentrations (approx. 1 mg·mL−1 of Au, around 0.3 mg·mL−1 of Fe). In vitro and in vivo imaging was performed. FindingsSuccessful in vivo FI and MRI recorded in healthy mice corroborated the applicability of the APEBM nanocomposite and, simultaneously, served as a proof of concept concerning the potential future exploitation of this new FI/MRI bimodal contrast agent in preclinical and clinical practice.

Environmentally benign preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles and its potential biological and photocatalytic activities

The study reports environment friendly facile preparation of multi-functional CuO nanoparticles using Kiwi fruit and assesses its photocatalytic and a variety of biological activities. The PXRD pattern demonstrates that the nanoparticles were members of the pure monoclinic structure with particles having sizes from 8 to 10 nm. They were found to exhibit a porous and sponge-like morphology with almost spherical shape, as seen by TEM and SEM pictures. The peak centered at 608 cm−1 was caused by stretching of Cu–O in FTIR spectrum. The nanoparticles found to possess high photocatalytic degradation activity towards model dye such as methylene blue. The nanoparticles exhibit various potential biological activities. It efficiently suppresses the 1,1-Dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical activity. It has antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CuO nanoparticles were investigated for anti-diabetic activity, and they demonstrated excellent α-glucosidase (IC50 of 183 ± 9 μg/ml) and α-amylase (IC50 of 124 ± 6 μg/ml) inhibition effects. The MTT test was used to examine the cytotoxicity of CuO nanoparticles on the HeLa cell line, which showed dose-dependent activity with IC50 value of 303 ± 15 μg/ml, which indicate that they were significantly cytotoxic. Copper oxide nanoparticles improved platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation without exhibiting hemolytic activity. This study demonstrates a quick, simple, low-cost, facile, environmentally benign green synthetic approach for large-scale synthesis of multifunctional CuO nanoparticles.

Green synthesis by extraction of caffeine for cosmeceutical application: A review

Cosmeceuticals are attracting more and more attention in the skincare industry due to their capacity to fill the gap between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Extraction of caffeine through the green chemistry utilising deep eutectic solvents and green analytical procedures ensures the green chemical extraction of caffeiene from the various parts of plant. Caffeine has become one of the active components in cosmeceutical formulations that has shown promise and offers a various applications including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticellulite and lipolytic properties which make it a potent candidate for cosmeceutical applications. This comprehensive review article emphasizes the basic mechanism of action including its pathway on cellular cycles such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and melanogenesis. Moreover, cost-effectiveness of caffeine utilization for cosmeceutical applications are evaluated as per skin-care safety, also highlighting its minimal side effects and broad consumer acceptance. The review article explores the keychallenges associated with caffeine addition further cosmeceutical formulations, such as stability problems and the need for appropriate administration methods that guarantee maximum efficacy. Entire review investigated how the caffeine affects different skin types and ailments, including acne, rosacea, and photoaging, giving insights into its possible benifits in focused skincare.

An Update on Recent Green Synthetic Approaches to Coumarins

Abstract: Coumarin and its derivatives are privileged heterocyclic motifs and important building blocks for developing the biologically active compound due to its significant role in the development of new drugs. As a result, many methodologies have been developed to synthesize this important class of compounds. However, some methods are associated with toxic and corrosive catalysts, longer reaction time, poor yield, less purity, and by-products along with the desired product. In order to minimize the utilization and generation of toxic organic substances, green synthetic methods are applied in this manner. Green chemistry methods cover a wide range of methods, including the application of ultrasound and microwaves, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis, and mechanosynthesis. These green synthetic methods have successfully performed all typical condensation reactions for coumarin synthesis like Knoevenagel, Perkin, Kostanecki-Robinson, Pechmann, and Reformatsky reactions. Compared to conventional methods, these methods not only minimize the use and generation of harmful chemicals but also improve reaction efficiency in terms of product yields, purity, energy consumption, and post-synthetic procedures. Due to the implication of coumarin (2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran) backbone as a biologically active ubiquitous fragment and the recent demands of reducing toxic solvents, catalysts, and energy consumption, this review summarized various green synthetic methods for coumarin synthesis. Moreover, researchers working on this coumarin scaffold synthesis can find handy information from this review on the green synthetic approaches to their synthesis.

Electrochemical detection and removal of brilliant blue dye via photocatalytic degradation and adsorption using phyto-synthesized nanoparticles.

Herein, we report a sensitive electrochemical platform prepared by modifying the electrode surface with copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles; these nanoparticles were prepared via a green synthetic approach using the extract of Cassia fistula leaves and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). For the best response of the electrode modifier, a number of experimental conditions were optimized to obtain the most intense signal of the target analyte Coomassie brilliant blue using a rapid analysis technique square wave voltammetry. The designed sensor displayed remarkable sensitivity for Coomassie brilliant blue with a detection limit of 0.1 nM under the optimized conditions. Moreover, the repeatability, specificity and reproducibility of the designed sensor demonstrated its potential for practical applications. The sensing platform was also used for monitoring the degradation kinetics of the Coomassie brilliant blue dye. Catalytic degradation of the dye was performed using the synergistic effect of Cu-ZnO NPs together with Fenton reagent. The dye degraded by 96% in 60 minutes under neutral conditions, which is one of the main achievements of this work that has never been reported. The photocatalytic breakdown of Coomassie brilliant blue was also monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. The degradation kinetics results of both techniques agreed well. The adsorption of Coomassie brilliant blue using ZnO NPs was monitored spectrophotometrically. The adsorption data were fitted in a pseudo-second order kinetic model by following the Langmuir isotherm at lower concentration and Freundlich isotherm at higher concentration.

Self-assembled copper tannic acid nanoparticles: A powerful nano-bactericide by valence shift of copper

Pathogenic bacterial infection remains a public health problem worldwide. Traditional antibacterial strategies pose a marked increase in the emergence of drug-resistant strains in a post-antibiotic era, and the development of new therapeutic modalities remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a one-pot green approach to synthesize the copper ions crosslinked tannic acid nanoparticles (Cu@TA NPs) via mixing copper ions and TA in the weak alkaline aqueous solution at room temperature. The simple synthesis process and mild reaction conditions provide an efficient way to produce Cu@TA NPs on a large-scale, 2 L reaction system in our lab, without changing the nano properties. Meanwhile, Cu@TA NPs can firmly anchor onto the surface of the bacterial membrane, triggering the quick release of copper ions and TA in a local acidic environment. The released TA trigger Cu2+ to transform into Cu+, resulting in membrane disruption, remarkably improving the cellular uptake of Cu@TA NPs. The intracellular GSH further promotes Cu+ increase, significantly enhancing reactive oxygen species generation and cytoplasmic protein leakage of bacterial cells. In this way, Cu@TA NPs at 6.3 μg Cu/mL completely inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, overcoming the drawback of Cu2+ as a bactericide. Besides, Cu@TA NPs have the robust penetration ability to reduce the intracellular bacterial burden and biofilm biomass significantly. Furthermore, mouse skin-infected model results show that Cu@TA NPs greatly avoided the re-infection of the wound, contributed to collagen deposition, and accelerated skin regeneration. The developed Cu@TA NPs reveal unparallel superiority as the safety antibacterial nanoplatforms and open new opportunities to design multi-purpose bacterial theranostics agents.

Green Synthetic Approaches of Silver Nanoparticles Sustainable Biomedical Applications

Due to their significant biomedical and industrial applications, nanotechnology and nanoparticles have gained significant interest in the modern era. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have particular qualities that keep academics interested in learning more about their value. Among the several noble metal NPs, silver (Ag) has captured the public’s attention. Typically, dangerous chemicals that are bad for both human health and the environment are used to make AgNPs offering a promising and innovative alternative to conventionally synthesized NPs. This study focuses on the contemporary advancements in the production of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their potential applications in the field of biomedicine.

Fabrication of versatile lignocellulose nanofibril/polymerizable deep eutectic solvent hydrogels with anti-swelling, adhesive and low-temperature resistant properties via a one-pot strategy

Lignocellulosic nanofibril (LCNF) is indispensable in numerous potential applications because of its unsurpassed quintessential characteristics. While it still remains a challenge to assemble LCNF in a facile and environmental economy-first manner. In this work, a simple and green one-step synthetic approach was reported to prepare a series of LCNF-containing versatile hydrogels using deep eutectic solvent (DES). In particular, the LCNF5% hydrogel (namely LCNF5%-gel) in this work perfectly integrated superior stretchability (∼643 %), and displayed a dramatically improved anti-swelling ability (25 %) compared to the control sample (neat DES hydrogel, 2252 %). Simultaneously, the LCNF5% hydrogel presented underwater adhesiveness and outstanding long-term low-temperature resistance (stable at −25 °C for a month). This novel multifunctional hydrogel, prepared by a facile and eco-friendly strategy, is potentially useful in wet adhesion or underwater applications.