Green Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Abutilon Indicum and Tectona Grandis leaf extracts for evaluation of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and in-vitro cytotoxicity activities

In this work, we synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles via green synthesis route using the medically effective leaf extract of Tectona Grandis, Abutilon Indicium. The structure, surface morphology, particle size and elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated through powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis spectroscopy (EDAX), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). PXRD pattern confirmed the successful formation of wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with an average crystalline size of 17 nm and 22 nm for Tectona Grandis and Abutilon Indicum mediated ZnO nanoparticles respectively. The optical studies showed that the strong absorption bands in the UV region of 350 nm and the band gap values are found to be 3.0 eV and 3.1 eV. XPS analyzed the surface of the nanoparticles and revealed the binding energy of both ZnO nanoparticles. The Bio-medical activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic analysis of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were examined by Bovine albumin serum (BSA) denaturation and α-amylase inhibition techniques. The highest inhibition percentage of 95.42% and 94.82% are obtained against α-amylase and bovine serum albumin respectively. Furthermore, the in-vitro cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles by MTT assay revealed the decreased cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. It is therefore speculated that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles is envisaged as a proficient material for bio-medical applications.

Effect of Nano Zinc Oxide and Traditional Zinc (Oxide and Sulphate) Sources on Performance, Bone Characteristics and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chicks

Zinc is one of the most importance trace minerals in poultry nutrition. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of nano zinc oxide (green and chemical) and traditional zinc (Oxide and Sulphate) on broiler performance, bone characteristics and some biochemical parameters from 1-35 day of age. A total of 240 a-day-old male chicks (Arbor Acres) were assigned at random into 4 treatments. Treatments 1 and 2 contained zinc in traditional form as zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulphate (Zn SO4) and treatments 3 and 4 contain zinc in nano form; green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (GZnO NPs) and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (CZnO NPs); respectively. The results showed that the birds fed diet treated with nano-Zn sources (GZnO NPs and CZnO NPs) showed the best results (P<0.01) in weight gain and feed conversion ratio. There were no statistical differences between the two sources of zinc in the traditional form as well as between the two sources of zinc in the nano form. In addition, chicks fed nano zinc sources gave the best values in bone mineral density and bone mineral concentration compared to those fed traditional sources of zinc. These results reflect the values obtained for tibia length, width, breaking strength and ash since the dietary GZnO NPs and CZnO NPs were recorded for the highest values compared with the other traditional form. Non-significant differences were detected in the metabolic hormones (T3, T4) levels and their ratio T3/T4 among different dietary treatments. The results of the liver function (ALT, AST and albumin), the kidney function (creatinine) and alkaline phosphatase were within the normal range in all treatments. From the current results it can be suggested that using zinc in nano form instead of traditional form enhances performance and bone parameters of broiler chicks.

Green synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Nanoparticles using Herbal plant Extracts with their Influence on some Bacterial Infection

The nanoparticles of ZnO biosynthesis have distinctive features. many researchers have noted it cute to research in diverse research disciplines due to modern medical applications. different NPS have been estimated for their potential usage in which zinc oxide (ZnO) nps have confirmed to be a viable replacement for treating environmental pollutants, due to their excellent capacity to absorbed rays of UV. The purchase seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum, clove buds, and leaves of the Salvia officinalis plant from the local market and extracted by hot plate methods. the purpose of the current study was the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPS) from the different above extracts followed by a comprehensive characterization and assessment of their biological potential. no-NPS synthesized as such was subjected to characterization employment standard techniques such as particle size and tem. highly stable crystalline NPS with sizes between 32.6 and 142.7 nm were obtained from different plants. These Nps revealed a wide range of biological applications showing antioxidant, moderate α-amylase inhibitors, antibacterial and cytotoxic powers. in addition to the percentage of s. epidermidis and k. pneumonia isolated from human and children was recorded mean (40 and 60.4 %) respectively. The highest antibacterial activity (17±0.10 mm and 18±0.09) was shown by seed salvia Officinalis-mediated ZnO NPS against k and s. epidermidis respectively. on the other aspect the result obtained from using silymarin and the mediated zinc nanoparticles showed limited zone inhibition (15 ± 0.09, 15 ± 0.15, and 8 ± 0.02, 8 ± 0.02) respectively. Among all of the NPS synthesized and used, the effect of seed extract-mediated NPS was found to be most promising for future applications.

Green Synthesis and Characterization Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Seaweed Sulphated Polysaccharide and their Anti-Bacterial Properties

Nanotechnology is an area of science and engineering that deals with the Nan scales, which range from 1 to 100 nanometers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely employed in a variety of industries, including solar cells, ultraviolet light emitting devices, gas sensors, photocatalysts, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The current study focuses primarily on the synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles from seaweed sulphated polysaccharides. Aim of the study isisolation and characterization of sulphated polysaccharide using seaweed Turbinariaornata. To Synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles using sulphated polysaccharides and their physico-chemical characterization and study the antibacterial activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Gum Arabic-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Composite Coating on Shelf-Life Extension of Mandarins (cv. Kinnow).

Restricted postharvest application of synthetic fungicides in maintaining the quality of citrus fruits has led to a search for alternative postharvest treatments. This study evaluated the efficacy of gum arabic (GA) enriched with green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in maintaining the postharvest quality of mandarin (cv. Kinnow). ZnO-NPs were synthesized using Bidens pilosa leaf extract and incorporated into GA (2% w/v) at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% to form composite coatings: GA, GA + ZnO-NP 0.25%, GA + ZnO-NP 0.5% and GA + ZnO-NP 1%, respectively. Fruit were dipped for 3 min in the respective coatings, with untreated fruit used as control. Fruit were air-dried, packed in commercial cartons, and stored at 5 ± 1°C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 40 days and observed at 10 days intervals, plus 5 days at 20 ± 5°C and 65 ± 5% RH to determine the incidence of physiological disorders. GA + ZnO-NP showed promise as an alternative postharvest treatment for controlling postharvest physiological disorders associated with ‘Kinnow’ mandarin. For instance, GA + ZnO-NP 0.5% markedly minimized weight loss (9.2%), electrolyte leakage (43.8%) and chilling injury incidence (5.4%) compared to control (weight loss; 33.3%, electrolyte leakage; 90.3% and chilling injury incidence; 41.5%) at the end of the storage. GA + ZnO-NP 1% significantly alleviated rind pitting, with 13.2% incidence compared to 45.2% rind pitting incidence in the control fruit. This was due to significantly higher phytochemical and antioxidant capacity and reduced antioxidant enzyme degradation in coated fruit than in control. In conclusion, gum arabic coating enriched with ZnO-NPs at concentrations between 0.5 and 1% is recommended as a viable option to maintain the quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit during cold storage.

Synergistic Effect between Amoxicillin and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduced by Oak Gall Extract against Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a global health threat, and the World Health Organization has included H. pylori among 12 bacterial species that require high priority future strategies for the development of new antibiotics due mainly to its high rates of resistance. Metallic nanoparticles are known for their antimicrobial properties. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as biocompatible antimicrobials. Green synthesis of ZnONPs was performed based on Oak galls extract (OGE) and was characterized by UV, IR, DLS, TEM, and SEM measurements. In addition, LC-MS/MS was used for the identification of OGE constituents. A checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the activity of synthesized Qi-ZnONPs and OGE against H. pylori, and their synergistic effects with amoxicillin were evaluated. LC-MS/MS analyses identified 20 compounds as major gallic acid conjugates. The ZnONPs had average particle sizes of 5.5 nm (DLS) and 7.99 nm (TEM). Both OGE and Qi-ZnONPs exhibited moderate activity against H. pylori. Amoxicillin and Qi-ZnONPs combinations (1:2 and 1:4 amoxicillin:/Qi-ZnONPs) significantly decreased the MIC90 by two-fold and four-fold, respectively, and FIC values for the combinations were more significant than with OGE alone. OGE is rich in phenolics. The synergism between Qi-ZnONPs and amoxicillin can provide an alternative safe agent of low cost to combat H. Pylori infections.

Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Cinnamomum verum bark extract inhibited cell growth and induced caspase-mediated apoptosis in oral cancer KB cells

IntroductionOral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with increased mortality cases. Recently, nanomedicines have received greater research attention for cancer treatments. The current exploration focuses to formulate the zinc oxide nanoparticles from C.verum bark (CV-ZnONPs) and assess its in vitro anticancer potentials against oral cancer KB cells. MethodologyThe CV-ZnONPs were synthesized by standard method and then characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, XRD, TEM, EDX, FT-IR, and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The cytotoxicity of CV-ZnONPs against KB cells was assessed using an MTT assay. The level of ROS and MMP in the CV-ZnONPs treated KB cells were measured using DCFH-DA and RH-123 staining, respectively. The dual staining, DAPI, and PI staining were employed to study apoptotic cell death. The comet assay, cell adhesion, and caspase activities were examined, respectively. ResultsOur outcomes confirmed that the CV-ZnONPs have inhibited the KB cell viability. The treatment with the 15 and 20 μg of CV-ZnONPs effectively diminished the MMP and enhanced the ROS status in the KB cells. The outcomes of AO/EB, DAPI, and PI staining confirmed that the formulated CV-ZnONPs triggered apoptosis in the KB cells. The cell adhesion was decreased and caspase activities were improved in the KB cells by the CV-ZnONPs treatment. Discussion and conclusionIn overall, our findings proved that the formulated CV-ZnONPs have shown effective in vitro anticancer activity against oral cancer KB cells, hence it can be a talented anticancer formulation to treat oral cancer in the future.

Influence of the particle size on the antibacterial activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Dysphania ambrosioides extract, supported by molecular docking analysis

Bacteria-associated infections have increased in recent years due to treatment resistance developed by these microorganisms. Due to the high antibacterial capacity associated with their nanometric size, nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), have proven to be an alternative for general medical procedures. One of the methodologies to synthesize them is green synthesis, where the most commonly used resources are plant species. Using Dysphania ambrosioides extract at various synthesis temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) with average sizes ranging from 7 to 130 nm, quasi-spherical shapes, and hexagonal prism shapes were synthesized. Larger sizes were obtained by increasing the synthesis temperature. The ZnO crystalline phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The sizes and shapes were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The Zn-O bond vibration was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetry showed the stability of ZnO-NPs. The antibacterial evaluations, disk diffusion test, and minimum bactericidal concentration, demonstrated the influence of particle size. The smaller the nanoparticle size, the higher the inhibition for all pathogenic strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and dental pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. The molecular docking study showed a favorable interaction between ZnO-NPs and some proteins in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as TagF in Staphylococcus epidermidis and AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli, which led to proposing them as possible targets of nanoparticles.

Comparative Study of Dye Degradation by Using Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticle and Bacillus

Abstract: Comparative study of methylene blue degradation by using green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle and microorganism. Zinc oxide nanoparticle are synthesized by using Camellia sinensis plant extract. Comparative study shows that zinc oxide nanoparticle is more effective in degradation of methylene blue dye than microorganism. ZnO nanoparticle are capable to degrade methylene blue in brief time due to its extract capped zinc oxide nanoparticle. Using Bacillus species degradation of dye increase with increasing time. Keywords: ZnO, Bacillus species, Camellia sinensis, Nanoparticle

Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis by suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in osteosarcoma MG63 cells

This study aimed to assess the apoptosis-inducing mechanism of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) stabilized by Solanum xanthocarpum plant extract in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. In the present study, we synthesized ZnO NPs from S. xanthocarpum extract and evaluated its anticancer mechanism on MG 63 cells. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The mean size of the synthesized ZnO NPs was 21.62 ± 7.45 nm and spherical in shape. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on MG63 cells was determined by MTT assay. The Western blot analysis was carried out to examine the expression of apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins in MG63 cells. The findings of the study reveal that ZnO NPs treatment showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant activity, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and increased DNA damage. In addition, ZnO NPs treatment increased the expression of apoptotic members such as p53, Bax, caspase-3, -8, and -9 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression in MG63 cells. Furthermore, ZnO NPs treatment suppressed the P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and increased the expression of LC3 and beclin-1 in MG63 cells. The present study demonstrated that ZnO NPs induced apoptosis and autophagy in MG63 cells through modifying apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins.

Anti-Dengue Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles of Crude Fucoidan from Brown Seaweed S.marginatum.

Dengue fever is a rapidly spreading infection that affects people all over the tropics and subtropics, posing a significant public health threat. The brown seaweed Stoechospermum marginatum was found all over the world, from South Africa (Indian Ocean) to Australia (Pacific Ocean), among other places. In India, it is only available along the coast of the Bay of Bengal, which is a small region. Various metal oxides were proved to be successful in the formation of nanoparticles and zinc is one among them. In this present study, an attempt was made to study the anti-dengue activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles of crude fucoidan isolated from brown seaweed S. marginatum. The fucoidan was isolated from the seaweed by acid extraction method and then characterized by UV, HPLC, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Then it was biosynthesized into ZnO nanoparticles and characterized by SEM-EDAX analysis. The results showed the formation of fucoidans and SEM studies showed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles was in the range of 80-126nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested with the C6/36 cell line and it was shown 99.09% of anti-dengue activity against the tested cell line. As an antiviral agent, the ZnO nanoparticles of fucoidans have been shown to be an excellent lead molecule for the treatment of dengue fever.

Larvicidal activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Carica papaya leaf extract

In the current study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were green synthesized using Carica papaya leaf extract and tested for larvicidal activity against Anopheles culicifacies. The C. papaya ZnO nanoparticles (CP-ZnONPs) were characterized using UV–Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, and TEM analysis. The hemolytic and antioxidant assays were also performed for the estimation of toxicity and the antioxidant potential of the CP-ZnONPs. The synthesized CP-ZnONPs were crystalline in nature with an average size of 20 nm. The observed LC50 and LC90 values against A. culicifacies larvae after 48 h of exposure were 92.17 ± 1.02 and 316.66 ± 1.24 µg/mL. CP-ZnONPs offered larval mortality of and 96.36 ± 1.15% after 48 h at 500 µg/mL. Free radical inhibition of 58.02% was observed at the highest tested concentration (100 mg/mL). The results strongly endorse the development of CP-ZnONPs as novel larvicidal agents.

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using polyphenol extracts from pepper waste (Capsicum annuum)

The nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis poses an environmental problem: the formation of other toxic substances. An eco-friendlier alternative method based on the use of polyphenolic extracts is gaining interest due to their potential to reduce metal salts for the formation of NPs without toxic products. Thus, the main objective of this work was to obtain zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs from pepper extracts rich in polyphenols. To this end, the polyphenol extraction process was set-up using a response surface analysis of the different parameters involved (i.e. temperature, extraction time, amount of pepper and solvent used, type of solvent and part of the pepper used -whole fruit, pulp or waste-) in terms of total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The optimal extracts were used to synthesize ZnO NPs by colloidal precipitation, which were further characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and antioxidant activity tests. In addition, the green NPs were compared with those obtained from chemical reagents. The green synthesized NPs were purer (100 and 88% ZnO content for green and chemical NPs) and smaller (24–43 and 35–70 nm for green and chemical NPs). The results show the great potential of pepper polyphenol extracts to obtain ZnO NPs by a green synthesis, being a great contribution to environmental sustainability.

Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Effect of polyethylene glycol and chitosan on structural, optical and morphological analysis

The use of plant extracts in the synthesis of nanoparticles has several advantages over traditional chemical-based synthesis methods. The synthesis of ZnO, Polyethylene Glycol ZnO (PEG), and Chitosen (Chit) ZnO nanoparticles using moringa oleifera leaf extracts as an effective reducing agent is described in this report. The colour of the reaction mixture changes from yellowish brown to white as nano metal oxide forms. Surface modifying agents for ZnO nano oxide included polyethylene glycol and chitosan. UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate the optical characteristics of produced nano oxides. The structural, elemental analysis, and morphology of nano oxides were studied using XRD, FESEM, EDAX, and HRTEM techniques. XRD validated the hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the average crystallite size of the ZnO, PEG-ZnO, and Chit-ZnO nanoparticles were 35 nm, 32 nm, and 28 nm, respectively. The band gaps of ZnO, PEG-ZnO, and Chit-ZnO nanoparticles were found to be 3.12 eV, 3.18 eV, and 3.14 eV, respectively, using UV–Visible analysis. ZnO, PEG-ZnO, and Chit-ZnO nanoparticles were found to be generally spherical and nano in size, according to SEM and TEM examination. According to the findings, moringa oleifera leaf extract-assisted ZnO-based nanoparticles are promising materials for various applications.

Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications.

The field of nanotechnology is concerned with the creation and application of materials having a nanoscale spatial dimensioning. Having a considerable surface area to volume ratio, nanoparticles have particularly unique properties. Several chemical and physical strategies have been used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Still, biological methods using green or natural routes in various underlying substances (e.g., plant extracts, enzymes, and microorganisms) can be more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than chemical and/or physical methods in the long run. ZnO-NPs are now being studied as antibacterial agents in nanoscale and microscale formulations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalent traditional method of generating ZnO-NPs, as well as its harmful side effects, and how it might be addressed utilizing an eco-friendly green approach. The study’s primary focus is on the potential biomedical applications of green synthesized ZnO-NPs. Biocompatibility and biomedical qualities have been improved in green-synthesized ZnO-NPs over their traditionally produced counterparts, making them excellent antibacterial and cancer-fighting drugs. Additionally, these ZnO-NPs are beneficial when combined with the healing processes of wounds and biosensing components to trace small portions of biomarkers linked with various disorders. It has also been discovered that ZnO-NPs can distribute and sense drugs. Green-synthesized ZnO-NPs are compared to traditionally synthesized ones in this review, which shows that they have outstanding potential as a potent biological agent, as well as related hazardous properties.

Coactive role of zinc oxide nanoparticles and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for mitigation of synchronized effects of heat and drought stress in wheat plants

This study intended to investigate the potential of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) (fruit extract of Papaya) against heat and drought stress in wheat. The characterization of green-synthesized ZnO-NPs was done through UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Individual and combination of PGPR (Pseudomonas sp.) and ZnO-NPs (10 ppm) amendments were tested in a pot experiment to upregulate wheat defence system under three stress groups (drought, heat and combined heat and drought stress). Drought and heat stress synergistically caused higher damage to wheat plants than individual heat and drought stress. This observation was confirmed with remarkable higher MDA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Treated plants exposed to all stress groups showed an improved wheat growth and stress resistance through better biomass, photosynthetic pigments, nutrients, soluble sugars, protein and indole acetic acid content. Combination of ZnO-NPs and Pseudomonas sp. Protects the plants from all stress groups by producing higher proline, antioxidant enzymes i. e superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase, and abscisic acid. Moreover, higher stress alleviation by this treatment was manifested by marked reduced electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2. The findings of current study confirmed that the synergistic actions of PGPR and ZnO-NPs can rescue plants from both single and combined heat and drought stress.

Evaluation of photocatalytic and corrosion properties of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

Evaluation of photocatalytic and corrosion properties of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

Experimental and theoretical approach on green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from combined leaf extracts of Catharanthus roseus and Morinda Citrifolia for invitro anti-cancer studies

Recently, the development of green synthesized nanoparticles with anticancer studies has been an emerging field in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein reported the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from combined leaf extracts ofCatharanthus roseus (CR) andMorinda Citrifolia(MC) and its interaction pattern with target cancer protein-synthesizing DNA fragments. Previously reported structures of 9 biologically activated phytoconstituents ofCatharanthus roseusandMorinda Citrifolia were collected and blended with Zinc oxide and to identify the best stable complex using the χ value and Emix value with the help of the material studio software. Also, the adsorption location of the zinc atom on the position of the phytoconstituents was analysed to confirm the capping phytoconstituents. Finally, the best stable complex was docked with a human parallel stranded 7-mer g-quadruplex complex to know the inhibition ability. The obtained algorithm results indicated that the biophore Quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside capping on the zinc ion well through the π – cationic and metal acceptor interaction with lowest Emix value and χ value of 12.04616and 20.34180 respectively. The docking results of this complex with 6KN4 DNA formed multiple interactions such as rhamnopyranoside ring with guanine nucleotide base and chromene ring hydrophobic interaction through the zinc ion compared to the standard drug. The docking energy of the system after analysis was found to be −128.997 kcal/mol and this indicates that the zinc capped Quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside the complex will inhibit the 6KN4 irreversibly compare to standard Doxorubicin. To confirm the computational analysis, green synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were also subjected to invitro anticancer studies against MCF −7 cell lines. The results from experimental and theoretical calculations give an insight into the development of an efficient eco-friendly nanocarrier for drug delivery systems.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Candidiasis Control in Oreochromis niloticus.

Zinc is an essential element for metabolism of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nanomaterials have important benefits in aquaculture. The present study evaluated the effects of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Ulva fasciata extract as an anti-fungal agent against Candida albicans (C. albicans) in vitro and in vivo in O. niloticus. A total of 252 apparent healthy O. niloticus (20 ± 0.457g/fish) were randomly allocated into six groups: The 1st group fed on basal diet contaminated with C. albicans 15 × l06 CFU/g diet, the 2nd group fed basal diet only, the 3rd and 5th groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 40 or 60mg/kg ZnO-NPs, respectively, and the 4th and 6th groups fed the basal diet contaminated with C. albicans 15 × l06 CFU/g and concomitantly supplemented with 40 or 60mg/kg ZnO-NPs, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8weeks. The phyco-synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized by XRD, UV-V, FTIR, TEM, and zeta potential. The anti-fungal activities of ZnO-NPs and the morphological changes to C. albicans cell due to ZnO-NPs were detected. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with the green-synthesized ZnO-NPs significantly improved the growth performance, survival, serum lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity, expression of immune-related genes (IL-1β, TGF, TNF-α), digestive enzyme activity, and histopathological finding in C. albicans-infected group, with a relative superiority to 40mg/kg feed ZnO-NPs. It could be concluded that supplementing diets with 40mg/kg of phyco-synthesized ZnO-NPs could be considered a better choice for controlling candidiasis in Nile tilapia.

Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupt Established Biofilms of Pathogenic Bacteria

Global emergence and persistence of the multidrug-resistant microbes have created a new problem for management of diseases associated with infections. The development of antimicrobial resistance is mainly due to the sub-judicious and unprescribed used of antimicrobials both in healthcare and the environment. Biofilms are important due to their role in microbial infections and hence are considered a novel target in discovery of new antibacterial or antibiofilm agents. In this article, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared using extract of Plumbago zeylanica. ZnO-NPs were characterized and then their antibiofilm activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ZnO-NPs were polydispersed, and the average size was obtained as 24.62 nm. The presence of many functional groups indicated that phytocompounds of P. zeylanica were responsible for the synthesis, capping, and stabilization of ZnO-NPs. Synthesized NPs inhibited the biofilm formation of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa by 62.80%, 71.57%, and 77.69%, respectively. Likewise, concentration-dependent inhibition of the EPS production was recorded in all test bacteria. Microscopic examination of the biofilms revealed that ZnO-NPs reduced the bacterial colonization on solid support and altered the architecture of the biofilms. ZnO-NPs also remarkably eradicated the preformed biofilms of the test bacteria up to 52.69%, 59.79%, and 67.22% recorded for E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, respectively. The findings reveal the ability of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles to inhibit, as well as eradicate, the biofilms of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.