Green Synthesis Of Iron Nanoparticles Research Articles

Muntingia calabura Stem Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and Its Anti-Inflammatory Action

Muntingia calabura Stem Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and Its Anti-Inflammatory Action

In situ green synthesis of iron nanoparticles on PVA nanofiber and its application in adsorptive removal methylene blue

In situ green synthesis of iron nanoparticles on PVA nanofiber and its application in adsorptive removal methylene blue

Valorizing Tea Waste: Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles for Efficient Dye Removal from Water.

This study explores the valorization of tea leaf waste by extracting polyphenols through reflux extraction, subsequently using them to synthesize zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI). The in situ generated nanoparticles, when combined with fixed amounts of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated the removal of various dyes (methylene blue, methyl orange, and orange G) via a hetero-catalytic Fenton process. The iron nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by gas adsorption of N2 at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal analysis, including thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). A statistical design of experiments and response surface methodology were employed to analyze the influence of polyphenol, Fe(III), and H2O2 concentrations on dye removal efficiency. The results demonstrated that optimizing the operational conditions could achieve 100% dye removal efficiency. This study highlights the potential of nZVI synthesized through eco-friendly methods as a promising solution for water decontamination involving diverse model dyes, thus contributing to sustainable waste management and environmental protection.

Optimization of iron nanoparticle sizethrough green synthesis using leaf extract from selective members of citrus family

Nanoparticles (NPs) are known for their unique attributes due to their small size that lies in atomic domain. The unique properties of NPs have prompted researchers to explore ways to make these materials with controlled size and morphology. The green synthesis of NPs is the most promising way of preparing NPs due to its convenience, environmentally friendly nature and cost effectiveness. This research work was mainly concerned with the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (INPs) using three members of the citrus family (i.e., grapefruit, lemon, orange) under direct heating and ultrasound mediated conditions. The prepared NPs were investigated by different characterization techniques including Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed and demonstrated that the NPs thus formed differed not only in their sizes but also in the number of phases in PSA. The NPs prepared from extract of grapefruit leaves showed uniformity when lower concentration of extract was used; however, when higher volume were used formation of two phases was observed. In the case of ultrasound mediated synthesis, the formation of two phases was observed even at lower volume of grapefruit leave extract. In the case of nanoparticles (NPs) prepared using lemon leaf extract, both heating and ultrasound-mediated conditions resulted in the formation of multiple phases. Conversely, for NPs prepared with orange leaf extract, ultrasound-mediated conditions consistently led to the formation of a single phase, regardless of the volume of plant extract used. However, the size of these phases varied, showing an irregular trend with the volume of the plant extract. The FTIR spectra, DLS results, and SEM images reflected quite drastic differences in NPs before and after calcination. All synthesized NPs exhibited the same surface plasmon resonance of 700 nm.

Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles (FeNPs) using Aqueous Extract of Murraya koenigii Leaves: Synthesis Mechanism, Characterization Process and Antibacterial Activity

Introduction: Green synthesis is the method of producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from the extraction of plant materials. This study aims to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using an aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves as an eco-friendly approach and subsequently characterize the synthesized FeNPs to understand their structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties. Methods: The aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves and 0.1M ferric chloride solution were combined at room temperature in a 1:2 volume ratio. The synthesized FeNPs were characterized using analysis methods of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis) and Tacu plot. Results: SEM images discovered that the particles were in the nanoscale range and their morphology appeared spherical shape. The EDX study was used to identify the composition of the elements of synthesized FeNPs. The crystal structure of the synthesised FeNPs was shown in the XRD spectrum. The FTIR spectrum showed many distinctive bands and the bands revealed active components for functional groups in the synthesized FeNPs. The UV-vis spectrum revealed an absorbance peak range of 240-310 nm for FeNP formation with a maximal peak at 273 nm. The band gap energy of the synthesized FeNPs was found to be 2.07 eV using the Tauc plot method. Also, the synthesized FeNPs exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: The results of the characterization methods strongly suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Murraya koenigii can be used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of FeNPs.

Removal of contaminants from river Jakara using iron oxide nano particles prepared from Citrullus lanatus fruit waste

Achieving sustainable development requires efficient waste water treatment. Green synthesized iron nanoparticles have attracted much attention as potential catalysts for water remediation in view of their lost cost, high reactivity and good adsorption capacity. This study investigated the applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Citrullus lanatus fruit waste (IONP) in the remediation of contaminated water samples that were collected from River Jakara in Kano State Nigeria. The prepared nanoparticle was characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The BET results revealed that IONP have large surface area and are nanometer sized particles. SEM analysis indicated that the adsorbent contain microsphere which might have facilitated the efficient purification of the river water while TGA study revealed that the adsorbent exhibited a three step decomposition process. Data obtained from XRD indicated that the synthesized adsorbent is of high purity and crystalline in nature with an average particle size of 17 nm. Results obtained after treatment of the river water with the adsorbent gave enhanced values of Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, phosphate and pH; thus confirming the high adsorption ability of the prepared nanoparticles. The percentage removal of Ni(II) Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions in the river water by IONP was found to depend on adsorbent concentration, agitation time and pH. The adsorption process of these metal ions onto the adsorbent was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo second order kinetics. The regeneration stability of the adsorbent was adequate when treated with the heavy metals ions at optimum conditions. The nanoparticle synthesized from Citrullus lanatus waste was found to be an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative for treatment of contaminated water.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (Fe(NPs)) using plant extract from Eucalyptus grandis: characterization and determination of the catalytic potential for reduction of 4-nitrophenol

This study assessed a green synthesis method for iron nanoparticles (Fe(NPs)), using Eucalyptus grandis leaf extract, to reduce waste generation and diminish the use of conventional chemical inputs, such as Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4), without significant losses in catalytic activity. Various volumetric ratios of plant extract and NaBH4 were tested to understand how this variation would affect the morphological, structural, and catalytic power of the material. In the conducted analyses, a reduction in the crystallinity of Fe(NPs) was observed for proportions above 25% of the extract. However, the particle size remained stable among different syntheses, with iron ions showing improved dispersion for proportions of 40% and 50% of the extract. Regarding stabilization, characteristic bands of aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers and carboxylic acids were identified, indicating the extract's involvement in coating the metallic cores. To assess the catalytic performance, studies were conducted on the catalytic reduction of the contaminant 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, using Fe(NPs) as catalysts. The results revealed conversions above 80% for Fe(NPs) synthesized with volumetric proportions of up to 40% of the plant extract, suggesting that substituting the chemical agent did not significantly affect the catalytic activity of the biocatalyst. Finally, ecotoxicological tests performed with Lemna minor and artemia salina demonstrated a significant reduction in the toxicity of the contaminant 4-nitrophenol, as well as the biocompatibility of the obtained Fe(NPs). Keywords: iron oxides, stabilization, vegetable coating.

Nano-Integrated Plant Tissue Culture to Increase the Rate of Callus Induction, Growth, and Curcuminoid Production in Curcuma longa.

Turmeric has attracted a significant amount of interest in recent years due to its strong antimicrobial properties. The tissue culture of turmeric is preferred to obtain disease-free, highest number of plantlets with good uniform chemistry. However, there is a need to increase the speed of the whole process to meet the growing demand for planting materials and to save time and resources. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) showed positive effects on callus initiation time, proliferation rate, percent root response, shoot length, percent rooting, and number of roots per explant. Highest callus induction, i.e., 80%, was recorded in cultures that were grown in the presence of 15 mg/L of Fe3O4 NPs. Callus initiated earlier in culture tubes that received green synthesized iron nanoparticles in a concentration between 10-15 mg/L. Biofabricated nanoparticles were characterized for their size, physiochemical, and optical properties through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Curcuminoids profiling was performed by implementing LC-Ms that revealed increased quantities in plantlets grown in nano-supplemented media when compared to the control.

Utilization of Orange Peel Waste for the Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and its Application to Stimulate Growth and Biofortification on Solanum lycopersicum

Utilization of Orange Peel Waste for the Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and its Application to Stimulate Growth and Biofortification on Solanum lycopersicum

Supercapacitors and triboelectric nanogenerators based on electrodes of greener iron nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes composites

The development of supporting materials based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) impregnated with iron nanoparticles via a sustainable and green synthesis employing plant extract of Punica granatum L. leaves was carried out for the iron nanoparticle modification and the following impregnation into the carbon nanotubes composites (CNT-Fe) that were also coated with polypyrrole (CNT-Fe + PPy) for use as electrode for supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerators. The electrochemical characterization of the materials by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) assays revealed that the CNT-Fe + PPy gave rise to better performance due to the association of double-layer capacitance behavior of carbon derivative in association with the pseudocapacitance contribution of PPy resulting in an areal capacitance value 202 mF/ cm2 for the overall composite. In terms of the application of electrodes in triboelectric nanogenerators, the best performance for the composite of CNT-Fe + PPy was 60 V for output voltage and power density of 6 μW/cm2. The integrated system showed that the supercapacitors can be charged directly by the nanogenerator from 0 to 42 mV in 300 s. The successful green synthesis of iron nanoparticles on CNT and further PPy coating provides a feasible method for the design and synthesis of high-performance SCs and TENGs electrode materials. This work provides a systematic approach that moves the research front forward by generating data that underpins further research in self-powered electronic devices.

Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and its effect on the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbon.

Crude oil hydrocarbons are considered major environmental pollutants and pose a significant threat to the environment and humans due to having severe carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Bioremediation is one of the practical and promising technology that can be applied to treat the hydrocarbon-polluted environment. In this present study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PP4 and green synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) from Lawsonia inermis was used to evaluate the biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil. The surface analysis of G-FeNPs was carried out by using FESEM and HRTEM to confirm the size and shape. Further, the average size of the G-FeNPs was observed around 10nm by HRTEM analysis. The XRD and Raman spectra strongly confirm the presence of iron nanoparticles with their respective peaks. The BE (%) of mixed degradation system-V (PP4+BS+G-FeNPs) was obtained about 82%. FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of major functional constituents (C=O, -CH3, C-O, and OH) in the residual oil content. Overall, this study illustrates that integrated nano-based bioremediation could be an efficient approach for hydrocarbon-polluted environments. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the G-FeNPs with rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the biodegradation of crude oil.

Essential oil analysis of Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo, and its application in green synthesis of iron nanoparticles to remove Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solutions

Acroptilon repens is a widespread weed in Asia, and has a complicated taxonomy. Recent taxonomical treatment explored that Acroptilon species must be classified in the genus Rhaponticum. Therefore, the scientific name of this species has been converted into Rhaponticum repens. In the current study, essential oil composition, and its ability to green synthesis of iron nanoparticles for future use to adsorb Cr (VI) ions pollution of aquatic solution were evaluated for the first time. The GC-MS analysis revealed oxygenated monoterpenes constituted great proportion of the essential oil, with 1,8-cineole and camphor as the main essential oil components. Several appropriate methods, including UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, DLS, and VSM revealed the green synthesis of a mixture of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles by the extracted essential oil. Sizes of the produced nanoparticles were not equal and detected in the range of 3 to 50 nm, with an average size of 31.5 nm and the magnetic property of 15 emu/g. The green-synthesized nanoparticles could adsorb Cr (VI) ions pollution from aquatic solutions. However, under an optimum condition, the Cr (VI) ions adsorption capacity and removal were 167.6 mg/g and 91%, respectively. Findings revealed the major essential oil composition highly differed from those reported in the previous phytochemical studies. Although the synthesized nanoparticles were not uniform, they could remove Cr (VI) ions pollution.

The Antibacterial Activity of Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Its Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles

Background: The ancient plant species ginkgo biloba is thought to provide numerous health benefits to all living creatures. This plant is very bioactive and has a wide range of chemical constituents. There are several proven pharmacological and therapeutic benefits of G. biloba. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to produce iron nanoparticles (FeNPs), isolate a natural compound from Ginkgo biloba leaves, and evaluate the antibacterial properties of the resultant nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and Methods: Five extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves were produced through various methods: cold water extraction, hot water extraction, cold alcoholic extraction, hot alcoholic extraction, and 70% alcoholic extraction. FeNPs biosynthesis occurred by reacting these Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts with iron sulfate Fe2 (SO4)3. Analysis techniques employed included GC/MS, SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis analysis. Results: The iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) utilized in this using scanning electronic microscopy measurement and UV-VIS spectroscopy, which has a characteristic peak at 217nm, it was possible to detect irregular structures with dimensions of no more than 41 nm. AFM was also used in this study to examine the NPs-Fe's size and morphology. The FTIR measurement also revealed the principal iron oxide bands at 685 and 596cm-1, which are caused by Fe-O vibrational stretching. Bioactivity was also carried out against certain bacteria. Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity showed an inhibiting effect on a variety of harmful bacteria. Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans.

Fabrication of iron nanoparticles using different bioactive precursors, their characterization and bioactivity evaluation

This study deals with the green synthesis of Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using plant extracts of Polygonum plebeium (Knotweed) and Camellia sinensis (Green tea), focusing on their antibacterial potential, biocatalytic action as well as prospective applications as nanofertilizers. Plant materials underwent a thorough cleaning and were processed into aqueous extracts. The synthesis of FeNPs involved blending these extracts with ferric chloride solution, resulting in a versatile nanomaterial that was subjected to various characterization techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and DLS-Zeta unveiling critical nanoparticle attributes of the synthesized nanoparticles, including the size, crystallinity, morphology, stability, and elemental composition. The synthesized FeNPs exhibited substantial antibacterial activities, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the biocatalytic properties of the synthesized FeNPs were investigated through dye degradation. These nanoparticles further, were demonstrated for their potential as nanofertilizers, enhancing the germination and growth of tomato and radish seeds. The merging of nanotechnology and plant-based synthesis represents a promising intersection with the capacity to revolutionize diverse fields.

A novel approach for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using marigold extract, black liquor, and nanocellulose: Effect on marigold growth parameters

This study aimed to investigate a novel method for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using marigold extract (Calendula officinalis L), kraft pulping black liquor, and nanocellulose. Then, the efficacy of FeNPs as a direct nanofertilizer on the growth parameters of marigold was investigated. Characterization techniques including FESEM, EDX, VSM, and FTIR were used to confirm the successful synthesis of FeNPs. The characterization results confirmed the formation and presence of FeNPs in the 20–100 nm range. FeNPs synthesized with nanocellulose notably enhanced marigold growth parameters compared to other materials. However, all nanoparticle variants, including those from marigold extract and black liquor, improved germination, plant height, root length, and plant dry weight compared to the control. Moreover, treatments exhibited higher available iron and total plant iron levels than the control. Thus, employing 10 mg FeNPs (prepared with 5.0 % nanocellulose) appears optimal for enhancing marigold growth and yield.

Potential Toxicity of <i>Indigofera tinctoria</i> Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Mosquitoes are the most important single category of insects, killing millions of people worldwide each year by spreading a variety of diseases. The principal dengue vector Aedes aegypti, is expected to infect 2.5 billion people worldwide, or more than 40% of the world’s population. According to a WHO survey, 50-100 million cases are reported globally each year. Extensive fumigation of synthetic pesticides to control the mosquito vector in Pakistan during each post-monsoon season greatly increased environmental contamination and the loss of beneficial insects from urban environments. This study looked into the larvicidal and pupicidal efficiency of green synthesized iron nanoparticles against Ae. aegypti. Nanoparticles were subjected to several analyses, including UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, XRD, Zeta Potential, and DLS. Ae. aegypti, the predominant dengue mosquito, was studied for its larvicidal and pupicidal activities. Indigofera tinctoria produced iron nanoparticles with LC50 values ranging from 4.468 ppm (I instar larvae) to 7.952 ppm (pupae). Laboratory experimental studies on larval body tissues, particularly fat cells, fingernail skin and midgut have been carried out. It has been determined the plant synthesis of iron nanoparticles are harmful to Ae. aegypti larval.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Pistacia-atlantica leaf extract for enhanced removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution

The discharge of chromium-containing wastewater from various industries into aqueous environments is regarded as an important and challengeable matter due to its high toxicity. The application of conventional methods for eliminating this pollutant are often very expensive and difficult. Therefore, the adsorption process has been introduced as a desirable and effective method for removing chromium ions from aqueous media. In this research, iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized using Pistacia-atlantica leaf extract as a reducing agent, then they were characterized by DLS, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM/EDS, and TEM techniques and its effectiveness to eliminate hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from aqueous solutions was carried out. The capability of the batch adsorption procedure was assessed under different operational factors, such as initial pH, adsorbent dose and initial Cr (VI) concentration. Optimum adsorption conditions were determined at initial pH of 2, Cr (VI) concentration of 25 mg L−1 and adsorbent dose of 0.24 g L−1. Based on the obtained results, the highest removal efficiency (99.9%) by the adsorption process was occurred at pH of 2, concentration of 5 mg L−1 and 30 min of operational time. On the other hand, the results showed that the percentage of the pollutant elevated by increasing the contact time and amount of adsorbent dose, whereas that of was declined by increasing the initial concentration of Cr (VI). Besides, the experimental equilibrium data was evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models, and the outcomes revealed conformity with the Langmuir isotherm model. The Cr (VI) adsorption utilizing Fe-NPs adhered to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Eventually, thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr (VI) onto the surface of the Fe-NPs is endothermic and spontaneous.

An approach for cationic dyes removal from wastewater: Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Prunus avium stems extracts

Metallic nanoparticles with optical, electrical, catalytic, magnetic, and biological properties are structures that can be used in environmental pollution. The use of iron nanoparticles in environmental rehabilitaion is gaining interest due to their large surface area to volume ratio. The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize iron oxide nanoparticles by using cherry plant extracts through a green synthesis approach, and to evaluate the use of cherry plant extracts as an adsorbent of methylene blue in wastewater. The physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles was performed with UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD spectroscopies, SEM microscopy and Zetasizer particle size analysis. As a result of the experiments, the adsorption percentage increased depending on the time and 67.34% methylene blue removal was achieved at the 150th minute. This study highlights the importance of innovative approaches and the increasing use of biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and economical green materials in applications.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from the baru (Dipteryx alata) endocarp extract for the efficient removal of rhodamine B and caffeine from water through the heterogeneous Fenton process

Abstract This study presents the first-time synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using an aqueous extract from the baru fruit endocarp (Dipteryx alata). Characterization through scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed spherical shapes with an average diameter of 419.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified phytochemicals from the baru fruit extract, acting as both reducing and stabilizing agents. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the FeNPs. The Fenton-like catalytic efficiency of FeNPs was investigated for degrading rhodamine B (RhB) and caffeine. The impact of crucial parameters such as pH, H2O2 dosage, nanoparticles concentration, and temperature on the degradation process was assessed. At pH 3.0, with 1.0 g L−1 of FeNPs, 1% H2O2, and 45 °C, RhB and caffeine degradation reached 99.14 and 92.01%, respectively. The catalytic reaction kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model for caffeine and a pseudo-second-order model for RhB. Phytotoxicity studies on Cucumis sativus confirmed the non-toxic nature of the degraded products of RhB and caffeine. These findings highlight the potential of FeNPs synthesized from the baru endocarp extract as a catalyst for removing organic pollutants, suggesting promising applications in environmental remediation and related fields.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using mulberry leaf extract: characterization, identification of active biomolecules, and catalytic activity.

The synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (Fe NPs) using traditional preparation methods suffered from the disadvantages of high cost, environmental harm, and easy agglomeration. In this study, a novel eco-friendly method was proposed for the synthesis of iron nanomaterials (ML-Fe NPs): using antioxidant components extracted from mulberry leaf to reduce divalent iron (II). The preparation conditions of ML-Fe NPs were optimized by orthogonal tests. The prepared ML-Fe NPs exhibited an amorphous core-shell structure, displaying excellent dispersion and stability. During the synthesis process of ML-Fe NPs, the polyphenol molecules in mulberry leaf extract played a dominant role. A possible synthetic mechanism involving complexation, reduction, and encapsulation was proposed. Furthermore, the ML-Fe NPs were utilized to construct an ML-Fe NPs/peroxymonosulfate catalytic system for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye wastewater. The ML-Fe NPs demonstrated remarkable catalytic potential, achieving a 99% degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B within a span of 40min.