Green Synthesis Of TiO2 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Beta vulgaris extract and the evaluation of their photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Beta vulgaris extract and the evaluation of their photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Graphene oxide doping in tropical almond (terminalia catappa L.) fruits extract mediated green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for improved DSSC power conversion efficiency

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device depends on its semiconductor characteristics. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are a semiconductor material commonly used in the DSSC device whose characteristics depend on the synthesis process. There are many routes to synthesize TiO2, however, they typically involve hazardous approaches, which may cause risk to the environment. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative method using ecological solvents that eliminates toxic waste and reduces energy consumption. In this work, tropical almond (Terminalia catappa L.) was used as a natural capping agent in the green synthesis to control the growth of TiO2. In addition, graphene oxide (GO) was used as a dopant to increase the performance of DSSC device. The results are convincing, in which the addition of 0.0017 % GO doping in tropical almond extract mediated green synthesis of TiO2 improved the PCE from 0.85 % to 1.72 %. These results suggest that GO-modified TiO2 nanoparticles green synthesized using tropical almond extract have great potential in the fabrication of DSSC devices with good PCE, low cost, and low environmental impact.

Agro-waste mediate to synthesize the solar light active titanium dioxide nanoparticles with enhanced efficacy of pollutant removal

In this research work, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared from green waste by Wet Chemical method. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) precursor is converted to TiO2 nanoparticles by using the Musa-paradisiaca L. (Banana crop) pseudo stem extract as a capping agent. The non-dopant, anatase phase crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by using analytical techniques like TEM, HR-TEM, SAED, BET, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, DRS, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Zeta Potential. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles with band gap energy 2.95 eV were used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye under solar radiation with an intensity of 1200*100 lux. Optimization process was carried out for three factors such as catalyst dosage, pH and concentration of the dye solution at constant time. TiO2 nanoparticles photocatalyst showed 99% degradation efficiency in 30 minutes (min) for the IC dye under optimum condition. This experimental work was confirmed by comparing with the theoretical results obtained from Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The RSM of the quadratic model produces a theoretical layout for the optimization process and provides the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) data which evaluate the importance of each experimental factor. The RSM results are well matched with the R2 value obtained from the experimental method. The biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles had greater efficacy in the degradation of IC dye for five cycles of reaction.

Advancement in Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide : Photocatalytic and Larvicidal Activities – A review

Nanotechnology is a fast expanding field with several applications in science, engineering, healthcare, pharmaceutical, and other areas. Nanoparticles (NP) are frequently produced through a variety of physical and chemical methods. Recently, green synthesis technologies that are more simple, sustainable, and cost-effective have been developed. The environmentally friendly/sustainable synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has been in great demand in the previous quarter. Bioactive components found in organisms, such as plants, facilitate the processes of bio-reduction and restriction. This review described green synthesis of TiO2 NPs, the photocatalytical uses, and managing the larvicidal activity of disease-spreading mosquitoes. Various natural reducing agents including proteins, enzymes, phytochemicals, and others, are involved in the synthesis of TiO2 NPs. Current research findings and future concerns in a viable platform based on biologically meditated TiO2 nanostructures for industrial applications.

Pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-Assisted Green Synthesis of Highly Stable Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are conventionally produced by using physical and chemical methods that are no longer in alignment with current society's demand for a low environmental impact. Accordingly, green synthesis approaches are considered a potential alternative due to the plant extracts that substitute some of the hazardous reagents. The general mechanism is based on the reducing power of natural products that allows the formation of NPs from a precursor solution. In this context, our study proposes a simple, innovative, and reproducible green approach for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) that uses, for the first time, the major component of green tea (Camellia sinensis)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a non-toxic, dietary, accessible, and bioactive molecule. The influence of EGCG on the formation of TiO2 NPs was analyzed by comparing the physicochemical characteristics of green synthesized NPs with the chemically obtained ones. The synthesis of bare TiO2 NPs was performed by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in distilled water, and green TiO2 NPs were obtained in the same conditions, but in the presence of a 1 mM EGCG aqueous solution. The formation of TiO2 NPs was confirmed by UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy. SEM micrographs showed spherical particles with relatively low diameters. Our findings also revealed that green synthesized NPs were more stable in colloids than the chemically synthesized ones. However, the phytocompound negatively influenced the formation of a crystalline structure in the green synthesized TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the synthesis of EGCG-TiO2 NPs could become a versatile choice for applications extending beyond photocatalysis, including promising prospects in the biomedical field.

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Terminalia chebula and its potent antibiofilm activity against dental caries-associated bacterium Streptococcus mutans

The production of eco-friendly nanoparticles with biocompatible properties is gaining prominence in global medical research. In this study, we explore the antibiofilm potential of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) synthesized from Terminalia chebula against the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Characterization of TiO2NPs revealed a UV–Vis peak at 322 nm. FT-IR spectrum identified Ti–O–Ti vibrations, hydroxyl, and carboxylic groups. SEM analysis revealed tetragonal TiO2NPs, with EDX confirming titanium. XRD confirmed TiO2 anatase crystallographic planes at 25.8° with an average grain size of the particle of 56 nm. Biofilm inhibitory activity indicated significant inhibition of biofilm with BIC50 of 65.71 μg/ml. Microscopic visualization substantiated the efficiency of TiO2NPs in impeding biofilm formation. Increased TiO2NPs concentrations showed a marked reduction in exopolysaccharide and increased protein leakage from S. mutans after prolonged exposure. These findings suggest TiO2NPs as potential agents for treating dental caries, though further validation is needed for therapeutic use in oral care.

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia plant extract & its potential application for photocatalysis and antibacterial activity

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia plant extract & its potential application for photocatalysis and antibacterial activity

Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles using Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruit Extract and their Applications in Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Anti-bacterial Activities

Due to their numerous distinctive characteristics, nanostructured materials are currently a crucial topic of research. One of the most promising materials today are TiO2 nanostructures, which are one among the transition metal oxides. Due to the absence of any potentially dangerous ingredients and commercially viable procedure, green approaches of nanoparticle synthesis have significant benefit over traditional approaches. The present work reported, the photocatalytic as well as anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2-NPs). An aqueous fruit extract of Averrhoa bilimbi as a capping as well as reducing agent, is utilized for the synthesis of TiO2-NPs. The prepared TiO2-NPs have been characterized by spectral methods using powder XRD (X-ray diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy). Morphological characterization by SEM analysis showed that the synthesized was spherical structure with an average particle size of 60 nm. The photocatalytic dye degradation and anti-bacterial activity have been performed and the result revealed the impressive capability of TiO2-NPs. Hence, the current research work offers a futuristic outlook on a green photocatalysts for profound applications.

Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Root Extract of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) and Evaluation of its Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic activities

Since ancient times, Asparagus racemosus, a traditional herb with various health advantages, has been used to cure a wide range of illnesses. Researchers sparked a lot of interest in the biological methods for producing nanoparticles (NPs). This study’s objective was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) utilizing the top-down nanofabrication method. Asparagus racemosus root extract was used to produce titanium nanoparticles utilizing green chemistry. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and EDX. According to the SEM images the particles are spherical in shape with an average size of 89.59 nm. The antibacterial activity was done with 3 bacterial strains i.e., E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtills. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and phosphomolybdate assays, the calculated IC50 was 85.18±0.55 µg/ml and 66.4±1.3 µg/ml respectively. The calculated IC50 value for alpha amylase assay was 46.59±2.81 µg/ml. As per the outcomes it is concluded that the plant mediated titanium nanoparticle is very potent which can be used in pharmaceutical and biomedical areas.

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles: dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) Applications : a review

Abstrak
 Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajaran teknik green synthesis nanopartikel, terkhusus untuk nanopartikel TiO2. Berbagai jenis tenaman bisa digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa ekstraksi (chaping agent, dan deionisasi logam Ti) pada proses sintesis nanopartikel TiO2; diantaranya: daun krokot (Portulaca Oleracea L.), Pisonia grandis (Leechai kottai keerai), jagung (zea mays), Kesumba Keling (bixa orellana), Biji kesumba (Bixa orellana seed), Jeruk (Citrus Limetta), Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Leaf), dan Turi (Sesbania grandiflora). Nanopartikel TiO2 dapat diaplikasi sebagai dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Ukuran nanopartikel TiO2 yang disintesis dengan precursor TPID dan memanfaatkan berbagai ektraksi tanaman telah menghasilkan ukuran 20-100 nm (spherical-like), dan ukuran kristal 9-13 nm (tetragonal crystalline). Sifat dasar dari nanopartikel TiO2 dijelaskna dengan baik (struktur krisal, gugus fungsi dan ukuran artikel), selanjutkan sifat, struktur, dan mekanisme transportasi muatan DSSC- juga dijelaskan dengan rinci. Bagian yang penting pada striuktur DSSC berbasis TiO2 nanopartikel ini adalah fotoanoda, katalis dan elektrolit. DSSC dengan fotoanoda TiO2 nanopartikel memiliki beberapa keunggulan, antara lain: efisiensi tinggi, biaya rendah, kestabilan tinggi, kinerja di bawah cahaya rendah, dan fleksibilitas desain. Hingga pengetahuan saya saat ini, efisiensi DSSC dengan bahan TiO2 telah mencapai lebih dari 14% dalam kondisi laboratorium. Namun, penting untuk dicatat bahwa efisiensi yang dapat diperoleh dalam praktik nyata dapat bervariasi dan masih ada tantangan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi tersebut. Pengembangan dan penelitian terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi DSSC dengan bahan TiO2 serta memperbaiki stabilitas dan biaya produksinya. Demikian halnya untuk DSSC dengan material TiO2-GO; memiliki kinerja tinggi dan sensitivitas yang baik, tetapi DSSC dengan TiO2 nanopartikel lebih teruji dan stabil dalam jangka panjang.
 Kata Kunci: Green synthesis, Dye-Sensitize solar cells, fotoanoda, Nanopartikel TiO2
 Abstract
 This research aims to study the technique of green synthesis of nanoparticles, especially for TiO2 nanoparticles. Various types of plants can be used as a source of extraction compounds (camping agents, and deionization of Ti metal) in the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles, including purslane leaves (Portulaca Oleracea L.), Pisonia grandis (Leechai kottai keerai), corn (Zea mays), Kesumba Keling (bixa orellana), Kesumba seeds (Bixa orellana seed), Oranges (Citrus Limetta), Clabet (Trigonella foenum -graecum), Moringa Leaves (Moringa Oleifera L.), and Turi (Sesbania grandiflora). TiO2 nanoparticles can be applied as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The size of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized with TPID precursors and utilizing various plant extractions has resulted in sizes of 20-100 nm (spherical-like) and crystalline sizes of 9-13 nm (tetragonal crystalline). The basic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles are well described (crystal structure, functional groups, and particle size), while the properties, structures, and charge transport mechanisms of DSSC are also described in detail. The essential parts of the DSSC structure based on TiO2 nanoparticles are the photoanode, catalyst, and electrolyte. DSSC with TiO2 nanoparticle photoanode has several advantages, including high efficiency, low cost, high stability, performance under low light, and design flexibility. The efficiency of DSSCs with TiO2 materials has reached over 14% under laboratory conditions. However, it is essential to note that the efficiencies obtained in actual practice may vary, and there are still challenges in increasing these efficiencies. Development and research continue to improve the efficiency of DSSC with TiO2 materials and the stability and production costs. Furthermore, DSSC with TiO2-GO material; has high performance and sound sensitivity, but DSSC with TiO2 nanoparticles is more tested and stable in the long term.
 Keywords: Green synthesis, Dye-Sensitize solar cells, photoanoda, TiO2 Nanoparticles

Biosynthesis, characterization and optimization of TiO2 nanoparticles by novel marine halophilic Halomonas sp. RAM2: application of natural dye-sensitized solar cells

BackgroundMetal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming valuable due to their novel applications. The green synthesis of TiO2 NPs is more popular as a flexible and eco-friendly method compared to traditional chemical synthesis methods. TiO2 NPs are the most commonly used semiconductor in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).ResultsThe biogenic TiO2 NPs were produced extracellularly by the marine halophilic bacterium Halomonas sp. RAM2. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the biosynthesis process, resulting in a starting TiO2 concentration of 0.031 M and a pH of 5 for 92 min (⁓15 nm). TiO2 NPs were well-characterized after the calcination process at different temperatures of 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C. Anatase TiO2 NPs (calcined at 500 °C) with a smaller surface area and a wider bandgap were nominated for use in natural dye-sensitized solar cells (NDSSCs). The natural dye used as a photosensitizer is a mixture of three carotenoids extracted from the marine bacterium Kocuria sp. RAM1. NDSSCs were evaluated under standard illumination. After optimization of the counter electrode, NDSSCBio(10) (10 layers) demonstrated the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 0.44%, which was almost as good as NDSSCP25 (0.55%).ConclusionThe obtained results confirmed the successful green synthesis of TiO2 NPs and suggested a novel use in combination with bacterial carotenoids in DSSC fabrication, which represents an initial step for further efficiency enhancement studies.

Anthracene removal potential of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and Alcaligenes faecalis HP8 from contaminated soil

Anthracene biodegradation potential has been studied in liquid culture and soil microcosm environment by employing green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Alcaligenes faecalis HP8. The bacterium was isolated from crude oil contaminated soil, while TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using Paenibacillus sp. HD1PAH and Cyperus brevifolius which have PAHs remediation abilities. The dual application of TiO2 nanoparticles and Alcaligenes faecalis HP8 decreases anthracene concentration up to 21.3% in liquid at the end of 7 days and 37.9% in the soil treatments after completion of 30 days. Besides, the GC-MS analysis revealed production of five metabolites including 1,2-anthracenedihydrodiol; 6,7-benzocoumarin; 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; salicylic acid and 9,10-anthraquinone at different time interval of the treatments. Anthracene degradation pathway confirms the breakdown of three ring anthracene to one ring salicylic acid. Additionally, soil dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and amylase activities increased up to 4.09 folds, 8.6 folds, 4.4 folds, 3.6 folds and 2.1 folds respectively after the combined treatments of TiO2 nanoparticles and Alcaligenes faecalis HP8. The bacterial biomass and residual anthracene concentration were found to be negatively correlated. Finally, the study brings into light a novel anthracene biodegradation pathway and provides a new dimension in nano assisted bacterial remediation.

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanospheres from isolated Aspergillus eucalypticola SLF1 and its multifunctionality in nanobioremediation of C. I. Reactive Blue 194 with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

For synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), Green methods have been proven to be more efficient than several physiochemical methods. This article presents a non-toxic, ecofriendly, cost-effective and a facile route of green synthesis of TiO2 NPs by an isolated fungus Aspergillus eucalypticola SLF1, which exhibits excellent photocatalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity without structural modification done by physicochemical methods. The TiO2 NPs are characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, DLS, TEM, BET, Raman spectroscopy and PL. The mesoporous, anatase phase, with a band gap 3.49 eV observed by BET, XRD. UV–Visible spectral analysis displayed sunlight driven photocatalytic performance against C. I. Reactive Blue 194 by advanced oxidation process. Decolourization and 99.70% degradation within 30 min exhibited pseudo first order kinetic with reaction rate constant 0.1935 min−1 by linear method. These findings are superior physicochemical methods. Ecofriendly degradation was confirmed by UV–Vis. HPLC and LCMS etc and phytotoxic studies.

Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Natural Marine Extracts for Antifouling Activity

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized via a novel eco-friendly green chemistry approach using marine natural extracts of two red algae (Bostrychia tenella and Laurencia obtusa), a green alga (Halimeda tuna), and a brown alga (Sargassum filipendula) along with a marine sponge sample identified as Carteriospongia foliascens. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis, X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize the crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Each of the as-synthesized marine extract based TiO2 nanoparticles was individually incorporated as an antifouling agent to form a newly fabricated marine paint formulation. The newly prepared formulations were applied on unprimed steel panels. A comparative study with a commercial antifouling paint (Sipes Transocean Coatings Optima) was carried out. After 108 days of the coated steel panels' immersion in the Eastern Harbour seawater of Alexandria-Egypt, the prepared paints using B. tenella and C. foliascens extracts demonstrated an excellent antifouling performance toward fouling organisms by inhibiting their settlement and controlling their adhesion onto the immersed panels. In contrast, heavy fouling with barnacles was observed on the surface of the coated panel with the commercial paint. The physicochemical parameters of the seawater surrounding the immersed coated panels were estimated to investigate the influence of the fabricated paint formulations. Interestingly, no effects of the immersed coated panels on the physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding seawater were observed. Based on the obtained results and a comparison with commercially available antifouling products, the marine extract based TiO2 nanoparticle preparations of B. tenella and C. foliascens are promising candidates for eco-friendly antifouling agents. Based on the obtained results and a comparison with commercially available antifouling products, the marine extract based TiO2 nanoparticle preparations of B. tenella and C. foliascens are promising candidates for eco-friendly antifouling agents, which could be attributed to the small crystallite sizes of 22.86 and 8.3 nm, respectively, in addition to the incorporation of carbon in the crystal structure of the nanoparticles.

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications

The emergence of nanomaterials as an exciting class of materials is the main reason for the high demand for nanoparticle utility and practical applications in the modern era. At present, the green synthesis process has proved to be the most advanced method in the production of nanoparticles. In green synthetic method, plant or its part is used for bioreduction of metal ions to their elemental form. Nanoparticles manufactured by this method are simple, accessible, eco-friendly and available at low cost and can be easily scaled up for larger operations. For this reason, in the modern era, their application is being done in areas like biosensors, lithium ion batteries, water purification, electrocatalysis, coating, photo-thermal therapies, drug delivery, etc. Among the different metal and metal oxide nanoparticles TiO2 is one of the most promising nanoparticles due to their unique structural chemical and morphological properties. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by using extract of different biological agent is one of the most growing areas of research. Phytochemicals, enzymes, and proteins, all bioactive components, play an essential role in the production of nanoparticles. The potentiality of titania (TiO2) to operate as an antibacterial and photocatalytic agent is one of the topics that has garnered the most interest from the scientific community. This review provides an overview of different available green synthesis method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles and also highlighted the different industrial applications of TiO2.

Green Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and their Antimcrobial and Anticancer Activities

In this study, a plant-mediated method for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is reported. Using the titanium oxide and a plant extract of medicinal herb Leucas cephalotes, the TiO2 nanoparticles were effectively synthesized. The reaction temperature was kept between 75 ºC and 80 ºC, while 1 M of TiO2 and the plant extract were being processed. The absorption peak for titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the UV-Vis spectrometer was observed at 212 and 345 nm. The typical dimension of the nanoparticles was determined to be 38.99 nm from the XRD pattern. According to the findings, titanium and oxygen were composed with high energy signals of 61.27% and 23.16%, respectively. According to FT-IR spectrum, the Ti-O bonding absorption peak is appeared at 586 cm-1. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to confirm the spherical shape of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles could be used to treat a variety of malignancies. The MTS and MTT assays were used to assess the anticancer activity of biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles. The IC50 values were 1.89, 2.00, 1.98 and 4.00 μM, respectively, against the MCF-7, HeLa, PC-3 and A549 nanoparticles cancer cell lines. Additionally, this study has also shown that synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles are highly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli as well as against yeast (Candida albicans).

Comparative Study of Green Nano Synthesis of Versatile TiO2 with its Chemical Nano Synthesis – Application to Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity

Background & Objective: Currently, Green synthesis/biosynthesis is a rapidly growing, advantageous method for nanoparticle synthesis and it inculcates interest among researchers. It has its own significance in the field of biomedical, industrial, pharmaceutical and other fields of science and technology. TiO2 has inimitable properties in the field of pharmaceutical/biomedical and industrial applications. Hence, the present facile study proposed to deal with the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through the chemical method and the green method. The synthesized samples are compared to prove the suitable methodology for synthesizing TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs).
 Methods: The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a sophisticated chemical method. The green/biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out using AdathodaVasica, Acalypha Indica and Annona squamosa leaf extract. Using the synthesized samples, the structural, morphological, optical, surface and antibacterial characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR, XRD, EDAX, UV, PL, SEM and antibacterial analysis.
 Result: The FTIR spectra reveal the presence of a Ti-O bond. The structural characterization using XRD analysis confirms the crystalline size at the nano level. The bandgap energies were calculated through the UV spectrum and the photocatalytic behaviour of the TiO2 nanoparticle is further confirmed by the photoluminescence study. The SEM analysis pictures the morphology of TiO2 NP. The antibacterial study manifests the larger region of inhibition for the TiO2 NP obtained from the leaf extract. The results of the samples were compared and identified their efficiency.
 Conclusion: From the studies, it concludes that the green synthesized NPs are much more efficient than the chemically prepared sample. The green synthesized TiO2 NP is much more active than that obtained from the chemical method. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles are more suitable for both industrial/photocatalytic and pharmaceutical applications.

Correction: Ansari et al. Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Acorus calamus Leaf Extract and Evaluating Its Photocatalytic and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity. Catalysts 2022, 12, 181

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]

Photocatalytic Activity of Green Construction TiO2 Nanoparticles from Phyllanthus niruri Leaf Extract

The present research work reports the facile and green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles from Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract using the coprecipitation method. The plant biomolecules were responsible for the nanoproduction and exhibited reduction and stabilization activity. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were analyzed in various characterization methods. The crystalline size (23 nm) and anatase phase of TiO2 nanoparticles were analyzed from X-ray diffraction study. The reduction and stabilization response functional group of TiO2 nanoparticles was studied from FTIR analysis. The optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were constructed from the UV-DRS technique, and their calculated bandgap is 3.16 eV. The spherical morphology and their existing materials were identified using FESEM with EDX. The catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles was examined against methylene blue dye under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. It was detected that ultraviolet irradiation showed higher photocatalytic activity than visible light irradiation. In addition, visible light irradiation provides the above 90 percentage degradation of methylene blue dye. Hence, TiO2 nanoparticles were proposed as a potential catalyst of photocatalytic dye degradation application and water remediation activities.

A Review on Green Synthesis of TiO2 NPs: Photocatalysis and Antimicrobial Applications.

Nanotechnology is a fast-expanding area with a wide range of applications in science, engineering, health, pharmacy, and other fields. Nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently prepared via a variety of physical and chemical processes. Simpler, sustainable, and cost-effective green synthesis technologies have recently been developed. The synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in a green/sustainable manner has gotten a lot of interest in the previous quarter. Bioactive components present in organisms such as plants and bacteria facilitate the bio-reduction and capping processes. The biogenic synthesis of TiO2 NPs, as well as the different synthesis methods and mechanistic perspectives, are discussed in this review. A range of natural reducing agents including proteins, enzymes, phytochemicals, and others, are involved in the synthesis of TiO2 NPs. The physics of antibacterial and photocatalysis applications were also thoroughly discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of current research and future concerns in biologically mediated TiO2 nanostructures-based feasible platforms for industrial applications.