Green Synthesis Research Articles

A Novel BiOBr/CAU-17 Composite with Enhanced Photo-Catalytic Performance for Dye Degradation and Removal of Tetracycline Antibiotic Under Visible Light.

In order to improve the low specific surface area and high recombinant light generation carriers of BiOBr, loading BiOBr onto suitable Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is an effective strategy to unleash its efficient visible light response and intrinsic catalytic activity. In this study, using classic MOF CAU-17 as a precursor, using a straightforward co-precipitation technique, four BiOBr/CAU-17 composites with distinct MOF contents values BCAU-1, BCAU-2, BC, AU-3, and BCAU-4 were created, and their photo-catalytic characteristics were examined. The BCAU-2 composite exhibited much higher photo-catalytic degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) and Tetracycline (TC) than the pristine materials, counter compositions, and early reported materials. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and EDX results revealed the strong synergistic photo-catalytic effect of BiOBr and CAU-17. The photocatalytic degradation of TC was significantly enhanced by the BiOBr bimetal modification, with the 2 wt.% BiOBr/CAU-17 nanocomposite achieving an 87.2 % degradation of TC and 82 % Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal within 60 min. The high photo-degradation efficiency of BCAU-2 composite should be attributed to the efficient transfer of photo-generated carriers at interfaces and the synergistic effect between BiOBr/CAU-17. Furthermore, the experiments on the capture of the active species proved that the main active free radicals involved in the degradation of RhB and TC are attributed to the photo-induced holes h+ and ⋅ O2 - under visible light. The catalyst's efficacy is corroborated by the outcomes of photoluminescence spectroscopy and photo current response. This study offers a new understanding for the design of green synthesis schemes for photo-catalytic dye degradation and removal of certain antibiotics from the aquatic environment.

Optical Study of Desmodium Elegan Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Using Tauc’s Equation

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is more eco-friendly, simpler, and nontoxic as compared to chemical synthesis. Due to their thermal stability and good electrical conduction silver nanoparticles have significant importance these days. In the present work, the stable silver nanoparticles were prepared from the aqueous solution of AgNO3 by green synthesis technique in which the Desmodium elegan plant extract was used as a reducing and capping agent to convert Ag+ to Ag0. A UV-visible spectrometer is used in the range of 200 nm to 800 nm with a scanning speed of 200 nm per minute, the absorption band is found at a 450 nm peak that indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The particle size of the nanoparticles was in the range of 11 nm to 70 nm with an average of 45 nm and a spherical shape. Further confirmation of nano size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also utilized for the size distribution and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles SEM studies show irregular spherical morphology with polydispersed trend and the average particle size was found at 45 nm. The absorption band for the synthesized sample was found at 450 nm peak. The bandgap energy was 2.84 eV estimated by Tauc’s equation. This indicates that the synthesized nanoparticles electrically lie in the range of semiconductors and can be used as a biosensor. This synthesis technique is a nontoxic technique so these particles may be used for water treatment.

Combating Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Moringa-Synthesized Silica Nanoparticles and Its Combination with Some Insecticides.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest known for developing resistance to insecticides. This study investigated a novel approach to manage FAW by silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) synthesized from eco-friendly leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). This green synthesis method offers a sustainable and potentially safer alternative to traditional chemical processes. SiNP formation was confirmed by various techniques: UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray spectroscopy with energy-dispersive (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effectiveness of SiNPs alone and their combination with three common insecticides (emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and chlorpyrifos) were evaluated against third instar larvae of fall armyworm. While SiNPs after 24h by leaf dipping method recorded limited insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9947.59mg/L), it significantly enhanced the potency of all three insecticides. Combining SiNPs with emamectin benzoate resulted in the most dramatic increase in effectiveness compared to the insecticide alone with LC50 = 0.295mg/L and 0.42mg/L, respectively. This research suggests that moringa extract can be a valuable resource for the green synthesis of nanoparticles potentially useful in pest control. This approach could potentially reduce the amount of insecticide needed for effective pest control, leading to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practice.

Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticle/Carbon Black/Copper‐Quercetin Rods for Sensitive, Disposable Electrochemical Sensor for Mitoxantrone

AbstractPhenolic compounds have a variety of activities but are most famous for their antioxidant and metal‐chelating properties. We explore the green synthesis and application of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, carbon black (CB), and copper‐quercetin (Cu−Q) composite for a disposable electrochemical sensor for mitoxantrone. Fe3O4 was synthesised using Camellia sinensis leaf extract. The copper‐quercetin was synthesised by titrating copper acetate solution with quercetin monohydrate solution at room temperature. Equal amounts of Fe3O4, CB, and Cu−Q were mixed to form Fe3O4‐CB/Cu−Q. The Fe3O4‐CB/Cu−Q/SPE has the lowest detection limit (55.47 pM) compared to previous mitoxantrone sensors. The average recovery was 102.2 %, with an RSD of 4.67 % in serum. The sensor maintained an average accuracy of 98.99 % in the presence of the interfering agent. The detection limit of the new sensor is about five times lower than that of the previous Fe3O4 and carbon black electrode. Therefore, it can be suggested that the Copper‐quercetin complex contributed significantly to the electrode's sensitivity. This research is the first to report the three oxidation potentials for mitoxantrone consistent with mitoxantrone's complex oxidation mechanism. Also, this is the first report on using copper‐quercetin as an electrode material for electrode chemical detection. Furthermore, this is the first green‐derived sensor for mitoxantrone.

Review of Bio-Inspired Green Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Applications

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important photocatalyst that is widely studied for environmental applications, especially for water treatment by degradation of pollutants. A range of methods have been developed to produce TiO2 in the form of nanoparticles and thin films. Solution-based synthesis methods offer the opportunity to tune the synthesis through a choice of reagents, additives and reaction media. In particular, the use of biomolecules, such as proteins and amino acids, as bio-inspired additives in TiO2 synthesis has grown over the last decade. This review provides a discussion of the key factors in the solution-based synthesis of titania, with a focus on bio-inspired additives and their interaction with Ti precursors. In particular, the role of bio-inspired molecular and biomolecular additives in promoting the low-temperature synthesis of titania and controlling the phase and morphology of the synthesised TiO2 is discussed, with a particular focus on the interaction of TiO2 with amino acids as model bio-inspired additives. Understanding these interactions will help address the key challenges of obtaining the crystalline TiO2 phase at low temperatures, with fast kinetics and under mild reaction conditions. We review examples of photocatalytic applications of TiO2 synthesised using bio-inspired methods and discuss the ways in which bio-inspired additives enhance photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanomaterials. Finally, we give a perspective of the current challenges in green synthesis of TiO2, and possible solutions based on multi-criteria discovery, design and manufacturing framework.

Green synthesis of anethole-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles enhances antibacterial strategies against pathogenic bacteria.

The threat of antibiotic resistance is escalating, diminishing the effectiveness of numerous antibiotics due to the rapid development of resistant bacteria. In response, the use of green-synthesized nanoparticle, alone or combined with antimicrobial agents, appears promising. This study explores the effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized using Loranthus cordifolius leaf extracts and subsequently coated with anethole. The fabrication of these nanoparticles was confirmed via UV-Vis, FTIR and TEM analyses, ensuring the nanoparticles were produced as intended. Utilizing a nanoprecipitation process that excludes evaporation and drying, a high drug loading capacity of 16.59% was accomplished. The encapsulation efficiency for anethole was recorded at 88.23 ± 4.98%. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed by com paring the green-synthesized ZnONPs (average size: 14.47nm), anethole-loaded ZnONPs (average size: 14,75nm), and commercially sourced ZnONPs. The ZnONPs with anethole demonstrated superior inhibition against all tested bacterial strains, including Gram-negative species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive species like Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, outperforming the commercially available ZnONPs. Additionally, anethole-coated ZnONPs showed the greatest inhibition of Gyr-B activity (IC50 = 0.78 ± 0.2M), better than both green-synthesized and commercially available ZnONPs. These findings emphasize the enhanced antimicrobial properties of ZnONPs, particularly when combined with green synthesis and anethole loading, highlighting their potential in various biomedical applications.

Eco-friendly Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia vahlii Leaves and Evaluation of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity

Background: The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using natural materials has gained significant attention in recent years due to their eco-friendliness and potential applications in various fields. Methods: The present study aimed at the green synthesis and anti-hyperpigmentation potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a methanolic extract of Bauhinia vahlii. Furthermore, the green synthesis of the AuNPs was confirmed by UV-visible, FT-IR, XRD, and EMDEX analysis. The size and surface topological significance of green synthesized AuNPs were evaluated through Scanning Electron Microscope and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results: The size of the synthesized AuNPs was found to be in the range of 100-1000 nm. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of AuNPs was evaluated through the mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory assay method. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of crude extract, AuNPs, and Kojic acid were found to be 98.7 ±0.7, 75±1.3 and 41±1.1 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Hence, green synthesized AuNPs of B. vahlii leaf extract may be used as a potent antihyperpigmentation agent in the market of nano cosmeceuticals.

Self-assembly of S,N-codoped Ce/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles for fluorescence and visual detection of hexavalent chromium.

Ce2(SO4)3 was doped into 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine (DAMP)-encapsulated copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) via a facile, rapid, low-temperature, and green self-assembly synthesis method to obtain fluorescent S,N-codoped Cu/Ce-DAMP nanoparticles (S,N-codoped Cu/CeNPs) for the detection of Cr(VI). The prepared Cu/CeNPs exhibit double emission peaks at 470nm and 610nm. Thefluorescence emission at 610nm is significantly enhanced due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect, and the quantum yield is as high as 20.19%. The fluorescence emission at 610nm can be selectively quenched by Cr(VI) due to the internal filter effect (IFE) and dynamic quenching, whereas the weak fluorescence at 470nm remains almost stable. On this basis, a fluorescence assay method for Cr(VI) was established, with good linearity in the concentration range 0.5-120µM and a detection limit (LOD) of 134nM. Using a smartphone to take photos of the fluorescence signals changes caused by Cr(VI) rapid visual detectionis achieved with a linear range of 10-130 μM and a LOD of 2.35 μM. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of Cr(VI) in actual water samples.

One-Pot Green Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dimedone-Coupled 2,3-Dihydrofuran Derivatives to Divulge Their Inhibition Potential against Staphylococcal Thioredoxin Reductase Enzyme

One-Pot Green Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dimedone-Coupled 2,3-Dihydrofuran Derivatives to Divulge Their Inhibition Potential against Staphylococcal Thioredoxin Reductase Enzyme

Green Synthesis of Some 2‐Amino‐4 h‐Benzo[H]Chromene Derivatives in the Presence of Bimetallic Nanocomposite Based on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles at Ambient Conditions

AbstractIn this research, some of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromene derivatives were synthesized by multicomponent reaction of 1‐naphthol, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile. The reaction was performed under green conditions using water as the solvent in the presence of heterogeneous nano catalyst containing Co(II) and Cu(II) stabilized on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles/tannic acid (M–MSN/TA/Co(II),Cu(II)) at room temperature. The prepared catalyst showed excellent efficiency and its magnetic properties allow easy separation. The structure and morphology of prepared catalyst was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. All of products were obtained in high to excellent yields (78–94 %) after short reaction times (20–45 min) in optimal conditions and their structures were confirmed using FT‐IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. This study shows that the M–MSN/TA/Cu(II), Co(II) presents a good catalytic activity, reusability and stability compared to other catalysts.

Waste-Derived Caffeine for Green Synthesis of Rhenium Nanoparticles with Enhanced Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrophenol

Yearly, thousands of tons of wasted coffee grounds are produced according to high coffee consumption. Still, after the coffee brewing, wasted coffee grounds contain some amounts of caffeine (CAF). CAF, in turn, contains multiple O and N chelating atoms in its structure. These have a potential to be reductors for complexes of metals. In this context, within the present study, a set of CAF extracts derived from coffee beans and coffee grounds were obtained and then used for the one-step reduction of ReO4− ions with no additional toxic chemicals. Within this approach, CAF was applied as a secondary, green resource for the synthesis of unique rhenium nanoparticles (ReNPs) containing Re species at 0 and +6 oxidation states. The obtained ReNPs were identified and characterized with the use of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Further, the capping and stabilization of ReNPs by CAF were verified with the aid of Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The so-obtained “green” ReNPs were then used as a homogenous catalyst in the catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). This new nanomaterial revealed a superior catalytic activity, leading to the complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol within 40–60 min with a first-order rate constant of 0.255 min−1.

Green room-temperature fabrication of phosphotungstic acid functionalized MOF-808 for efficient removal of cationic antibiotics

ZrⅣ-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)–featuring exceptional water stability, large surface area, and structural tunability–hold promise for efficient antibiotics adsorption from water. However, their inherent positive charge in neutral environments and the harsh conditions required for their synthesis hinder their effective removal of cationic antibiotics. To address this challenge, a green one-pot synthesis approach was proposed to fabricate phosphotungstic acid-functionalized MOF-808 (termed as PTA@MOF-808) at room temperature for elevated antibiotic adsorption. This approach not only leverages the strong electronegativity of PTA to improve electrostatic interactions and π-π stacking but also finely tailors the pore size of MOF-808, resulting in enhanced adsorption capacity of PTA@MOF-808. The influence of PTA loading, solution pH, and absorbent dosage on the performance of PTA@MOF-808 were studied in detail. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that PTA@MOF-808 outperformed unmodified MOF-808 in removing various positively charged antibiotics, with 5 % PTA@MOF-808 exhibiting maximum adsorption capacities of 548.1 mg g−1 and 482.9 mg g−1, for DOX and TCHC, respectively. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isothermal model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Furthermore, the composite PTA@MOF-808 displayed excellent reusability after multiple adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings highlight the potential of PTA@MOF-808 as a promising absorbent for removing specific antibiotics from water, with significant implications for wastewater treatment.

Green synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals from bio-renewable resources and their potential biological applications: A critical review

Green synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals from bio-renewable resources and their potential biological applications: A critical review

A Green Solvent-Free Approach Synthesis for Rational Designing of a NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide [NiFe-LDH] Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation

A Green Solvent-Free Approach Synthesis for Rational Designing of a NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide [NiFe-LDH] Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation

Detection of urea in milk by urease-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers combined with portable colorimetric microliter tube.

Asimple one-pot green synthesis method was used to prepare urease-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (UE-HNFs), which had a high surface-to-volume ratio to improve enzyme catalytic efficiency and make urease reusable. A portable colorimetric microliter tube based on urease-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (UE-HNFs-PCMT), as an urea colorimetric biosensor, was developed for determining urea concentration in milk. The combination of urea colorimetric biosensor and asmartphone is usedfor capturingthe colour change of milk after reaction. There was a good linear relationship between colour intensity of the image (Δ intensity) and urea concentration (43-600mg L-1), with a detection limit of 12.81mg L-1. UE-HNFs-PCMT has the advantages of no need for complex equipment, easy operation, reusability, low detection cost, good portability, and environmental friendliness and can achieve urea detection in milk.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lepidium sativum seed mucilage as a bioreductant/capping agent for efficient antibacterial and photocatalytic activities

Contamination of aquatic resources with organic dyes and pathogenic bacteria ranks among the most serious threats to human survival and the environment. The current work investigated L. sativum seed mucilage as a reducing and capping agent for Ag NPs. From UV–vis spectroscopy, the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak and the band gap energy of as-fabricated NPs were 440 nm and 2.07 eV, respectively. SEM revealed irregular-shaped NPs with an average diameter of 73.85 nm and EDX disclosed Ag along with C, O, and Si from mucilage’s biomolecules. The antibacterial and antibiofilm results showed higher inhibitory effects against the Gram-positive (B. cereus) than the Gram-negative (E. coli, and E. aerogenes) bacteria. The biosynthesized NPs were impressive in degrading methylene blue (MB, 89.45 %) and methyl orange (MO, 84.78 %) under optimized conditions viz., dye solution (20 ppm), photocatalyst dose (5 mg), light intensity (UV index of 10 +), and irradiation time (120 min). The kinetic data strongly supported the pseudo-first order model with maximum adsorption capacities of 787.40 and 724.64 mg/g for MB and MO, respectively as determined through the Langmuir isotherm model. The photocatalyst exhibited sufficient stability even after six repeated cycles, highlighting its suitability for industrial and commercial applications.

Green synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from almond resin for advanced theranostics in biomedical applications

Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are being used in medical applications, particularly in theranostics. These Carbon Quantum Dots have been gaining more attention lately due to their potential as an effective replacement for hazardous synthetic organic dyes in a variety of biomedical applications, including live cell imaging and diagnostics. In this study, highly fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots by one pot microwave based green route with a size of less than 10 nm, was prepared from commercially available almond resin, Prunus dulcis and conjugated with honey as additional reagent for surface functionalization. They exhibit a deep blue emission on excitation at 350 nm with an elevated quantum yield at 61%. They possess atomic nature and basic features such as high photo-stability, varying fluorescence, greater biocompatibility, and better water solubility. These fluorescent labels exhibit faster cellular invagination without disturbing the cell stability. The CQDs present cell imaging capacity with multi-coloration for visualizing the fine architecture of the nucleus naming, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus, which is linked with their varied, surface structures such as amphiphilic property and higher positive charges. These characteristics with minimal invasion have made carbon quantum dots to become the spotlight in theranostics. They can be used as alternatives to synthetic dyes for fluorescence- related cell-imaging. The intriguing fact about this approach is that it opens the possibility of combining therapy and diagnostics into one unit, which can alter how some diseases are handled and, in turn, transform the field of healthcare.

Green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their use for selective determination of Pb2+

Carbon dots were synthesized from fenugreek seeds through a single step hydrothermal method. The method is simple, fast, pleasant to the environment and cheaper. The CDs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV–visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and fluorescence. The CDs obtained were extremely fluorescent. The fluorescent carbon dots exhibited excitation-dependent behavior with the maximum excitation at 372 nm. The interaction of CDs was studied with different selected cations Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cu+, Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Sn4+, Na+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Sr2+, (NH4)6Mo7O24, 4H2O, Cr6+, Sb3+, Ba2+, Li+, and Mg2+. None of the ions studied showed any effect on its fluorescence intensity except Pb2+ which decreased its intensity. A direct relationship was found between Pb2+ concentrations and quenching of CDs intensity. Detection limit (DL) and quantification limits (QL) were determined as three and ten times of the standard deviation of the blank for ten number of measurements. DL and QL were found in the order 9.345 μM and 31.15 μM respectively. This linear behavior between quenching and Pb2+ concentration is useful for analytical purpose.

Preparation and properties of polyamide elastomers by a new synthesis route of Michael addition reaction

At present, the mainstream industrial synthesis method of polyamide is still bulk fusion polymerization, which is not in line with the concept of green synthesis because of the high threshold of reaction conditions and large energy consumption. Based on this, a new synthesis route of polyamide elastomer was studied in this paper. By synthesizing the end-functionalized long carbon chain diacrylamide (DDA) containing amide bonds, the synthesis mechanism was made by the thiol double bond Michael addition reaction. A series of polyamide elastomers with different ratios of hard and soft segments were synthesized by using dimercaptan chain extenders with different molecular weights. The results showed that the new synthesis route successfully prepared DDA and polyamide elastomers. The mechanical properties of the products were excellent, and the strain rate could reach 383 %. Tensile strength up to 23.08 MPa. The synthesis route has the characteristics of simple reaction process, mild reaction conditions and high reaction conversion rate. It provides theoretical guidance for the new synthesis route of polyamide elastomer.

Curcumin-assisted Preparation of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 Nanocomposites for Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity.

Harmful microorganisms like pathogens significantly impact human health. Meanwhile, industrial growth causes pollution and water contamination by releasing untreated hazardous waste. Effective treatment of these microorganisms and contaminants is essential, and nanocomposites may be a promising solution. The present attempt demonstrates the green synthesis of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) for the effective treatment of pathogens and organic contaminants. The α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) has been synthesized through a green approach utilizing curcumin extract. Curcumin (Turmeric) extract (TEx) was prepared by washing, drying, and crushing 5 g of turmeric, then boiling it in 100 mL distilled water at 70°C for 1 hour. Metal salts (Fe3+/Ti4+, 2:1) were added to 100 mL of TEx under continuous stirring at 70°C for 24 h. The solution was rinsed and dried at 80°C overnight and heated at 300°C for 3 h to remove impurities. Synthesized FTNCs have been tested for the potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.). Observations discovered noteworthy inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria by FTNCs. Furthermore, the FTNCs system shows the energy band gap of ~2.6 eV which may suppress electron recombination, thereby enhancing photocatalysis and examined against Evans blue (EB) and Congo red (CR) dyes under UV and visible light (125 W) irradiation. The remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE) for CR reached ~67.4% in 60 min. A simple green approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of the FTNCs using curcumin-mediated reduction. As prepared FTNCs have been evaluated for potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.). The results show that the highest ZID values have been obtained for 5 mg/mL concertation of FTNCs of ~14, 22,18, 21, and 20 and 29 mm for E. coli, S. abony, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. Additionally, FTNCs demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency against EB and CR dyes under UV (125 W) irradiation, achieving 56, 67% degradation within 60 minutes for EB and CR. The findings suggest that the FTNCs hold promise for long-term antimicrobial efficacy against various bacteria and offer the potential for addressing water and wastewater contaminants through photocatalysis.