Green Semilooper Research Articles

Field screening of soybean genotypes against green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta (Fabricus)

Field screening of soybean genotypes against green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta (Fabricus)

Unfolding the mitochondrial genome structure of green semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta Walker): An emerging pest of onion (Allium cepa L.).

Onion is the most important crop challenged by a diverse group of insect pests in the agricultural ecosystem. The green semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta Walker), a widespread tomato and soybean pest, has lately been described as an emergent onion crop pest in India. C. acuta whole mitochondrial genome was sequenced in this work. The circular genome of C. acuta measured 15,743 base pairs (bp) in length. Thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region were found in the 37 sequence elements. With an average 395 bp gene length, the maximum and minimum gene length observed was 1749 bp and 63 bp of nad5 and trnR, respectively. Nine of the thirteen PCGs have (ATN) as a stop codon, while the other four have a single (T) as a stop codon. Except for trnS1, all of the tRNAs were capable of producing a conventional clover leaf structure. Conserved ATAGA motif sequences and poly-T stretch were identified at the start of the control region. Six overlapping areas and 18 intergenic spacer regions were found, with sizes ranged from 1 to 20 bp and 1 to 111 bp correspondingly. Phylogenetically, C. acuta belongs to the Plusiinae subfamily of the Noctuidae superfamily, and is closely linked to Trichoplusia ni species from the same subfamily. In the present study, the emerging onion pest C. acuta has its complete mitochondrial genome sequenced for the first time.

Response of soybean cultivars against major insect pests and their natural enemies

Present investigation was conducted at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya-Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Morena (M.P.) to evaluate the ten cultivars of soybean against major insect pests and their natural enemies. The minimum incidence of majorinsect pest viz, whitefly (0.69/three leaves), stem fly (22.13 % stem tunneling), girdle beetle (24.97 %), green semilooper (1.10 larvae/mrl) and tobacco caterpillar (2.90 larvae/mrl) was observed in soybean cultivar JS-20-34.Cultivar JS-20-34 was found resistant to major insect pest of soybean. Cultivar MACSNRC-1575 was found susceptible against whitefly. Soybean cultivars NRC- 132 was observed susceptible to stem fly and girdle beetle. Cultivars AMS-100-39 and NRC-147 was found susceptible against semilooper and tobacco caterpillar.Maximum population of natural enemy(lady bird beetle) was recorded in cultivarsJS-335 followed by AMS-100-39, MACSNRC-1575 and NRC-130.In the present study cultivars JS-20-34 was found tolerant to major insect pest and suitable to cultivation the area.

Population dynamics of stem fly and defoliator pests of soybean and their natural enemies in relation to weather parameters

The field experiment was carried out at Polasa Farm, Regional agricultural research station Jagtial during the Kharif, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Study about pre dominant lepidopteran insect –pests in soybean crop noticed that the tobacco cut worm, (Spodptera exigua Hubner), green semi looper(Crysodexis acuta Walker), and tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab) along with stemfly, (Melanagromyza obtusa Zehnter) as non lepidopteran pest were noticed at various growth stages of cropgrowth. The peak activity of stem fly (37.84%) was observed during 37th standard week per meter row) for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 to a maximum infestation of 35.70 per cent during 30th std.week. The peak activity of caterpillar pests i.e., S. litura (7.6 larvae per meter row) for the year 2014 was observed during 34th std.week and for the year 2015 (12.4 per meter row during 36th std.week and C. acuta (0.7 larvae per meter row) during 36th std. week for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 (2.20 larvae/mrl on 37th std week. S. exigua (1.6 larvae per meter row) for both the years 2014 and 2015 was observed during 32th std.week Among the natural enemies, one predators namely, spiders (Oxyopes sp. was observed to prey on the insect pests.The biocontrol agent’s one species, lynx spider, Oxyopes sp. population recorded on the crop during Kharif , 2014 ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 /mrl and 0.15 to 0.60/ mrl during Kharif, 2015.

Occurrence of Green Semilooper Chrysodeixis acuta Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Onion (Allium cepa L.) (Amaryllidaceae)

The occurrence of green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in onion was recorded for the first time from the Pune district of Maharashtra State of India. Weekly observations of the pest and its damage were made to assess the intensity of the caterpillar population and its impact to the onion crop. Early instar larvae of C. acuta feed by scraping the leaves, whereas the later instars make circular cuts in the leaves. The presence of large cuts and defoliation is a sign of infestation in onion. Since C. acuta is polyphagous, it may spread to onion crops in the region and cause significant damage to the crop. Therefore, further research is required to monitor its spread and ability to become a pest in onion.

Integrated Management of Gram pod borer in Chickpea – A Study

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the premier pulse crop of India, grown all over the country in Rabi season. It is a good source of essential amino acids such as tryptophan, methionine, cystiene and is the primary source of high quality protein for the largely vegetarian population of India. Heavy infestation of pest is one of the major reasons for low productivity of chickpea. Major pest of chickpea in sehore district is - pod borer, green semilooper, termite, cut worm etc. out of these insect gram pod borer is the major pest in chickpea. Single larva of the gram caterpillar Helicoverpa destroys 30-40 pods before its maturity. IPM module for the management of gram pod borer in chickpea – Summer deep ploughing + optimum seed rate +Bird purcher (50/ ha) + pheromone trap (10/ ha) + one spray of spinosad 45% SC at 40-45 DAS. During 2012-13 and 2013-14. IPM module are reduce average 55 per cent larval population of gram pod borer resulted 14.88 per cent enhanced the productivity of chickpea. Under IPM technology, the average productivity of chickpea is 1799 Kg/ha whereas in farmers practice, the average productivity of chickpea is 1566 Kg/ ha.

Efficacy of spinetoram against green semilooper Chrysodeixis acuta walker infesting soybean

The field efficacy of novaluro, a potential chitin synthesis inhibitor viz., 10 SC and 10 EC was evaluated under field conditions against green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta (Walker) infesting soybean during kharif 2007 and 2008. Application of 10 EC @ 500 ml/ha was found most effective with 0.72 larvae per meter row length followed by 0.83 larvae/mrl in novaluron 10 SC @ 500 ml/ha and novaluron 10 EC @ 375 ml/ha. Highest seed yield (1180 kg/ha) was recorded in novaluron 10 EC @ 500 ml/ha followed by 10 SC @ 500 ml/ha and 10 EC @ 375 ml/ha. The maximum net return (Rs.7035/ha) was obtained from of novaluron 10 EC @ 500 ml/ha.

Severe Outbreak of Rice Green Semilooper, Naranga aenescens (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) along with Its Parasitoid Complex in Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India

Severe outbreak of rice green semilooper Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Eustrotiinae) in West Bengal, India is documented along with the first record of its primary parasitoid Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae). Simultaneously two hyperparasitoids viz., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford) (Pteromalidae) and Mesochorus sp. (Ichneumonidae) were also recorded. The population of rice green semilooper varied from 3.20 to 5.45 larvae per hill with the peak in the first fortnight of August, 2015. Percent parasitism of the larvae was as high as 94.00% recorded in the first fortnight of August with 77.50% as the mean.

Evaluation of different insecticides against green semilooper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Fab.) in soybean ecosystem

A field study was conducted during Kharif season 2014-15 to determine the efficacy of different insecticides against semilooper Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Fab.) in soybean ecosystem in the insectory premises of Agricultural Entomology Section, College of Agriculture Nagpur. Least cumulative average number larvae (0.05/mrl) was recorded in treatment of Fenvalerate 20 EC @ 0.50 ml/l (T 7 ) found to be superior compared to other treatments. The next effective treatments were emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3 g/ l (T 6 : 0.06/mrl) and also in Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.25 ml/l (T 3 :0.07/mrl), Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 0.60 ml/l (T 5 :0.08/mrl) found to be at par with T 6 and T 3 . However, the treatment Neem Oil 2 per cent (T 2 ) recorded 0.78 larvae/mrl. Whereas, NSE @ 5 per cent (T 1 :0.95/mrl) and Beauveria bassiana 1x10 8 CFU @ 4 g/l (T 4 :0.99/mrl) were found to be least effective in reducing larval population/mrl. Maximum mean larval population (1.48/mrl) was recorded in control (Water spray; T 8 ). Fenvalerate 20 EC @ 0.50 ml/l, Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 0.60 ml/l, Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.25 ml/l were found to be most effective treatments which recorded highest yield of 21.05 q/ha, 20.10 q/ha and 19.02 q/ha, respectively. From the seed production point of view Fenvalerate 20 EC @ 0.50 ml/l, Indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 0.60 ml/l, Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.25 ml/l were most effective in recording highest yield.

English

The major insect-pests observed attacking soybean variety JS 335 were girdle beetle, Obereopsis brevis; tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura; green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta; whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and jassids, Empoasca kerri. The peak activity of girdle beetle (1.0 damaged plant per meter row) was observed during first week of October. Whereas the peak activity of caterpillar pests that is, S. litura (2.5 larvae per meter row) and C. acuta (0.7 larvae per meter row) was recorded during second fortnight of August and that of sucking pests that is, B. tabaci (3.2 whiteflies per plant) and E. kerri (3.4 jassids per plant) was recorded during last week of August and Second week of August, respectively. The biocontrol agent’s three species of lady bird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculata, Coccinella septumpunctata and Coccinella transversalis and orb weaver spider, Neoscona sp. were found predating mainly upon whiteflies and jassids. Whereas, lynx spider, Oxyopes sp. and a predatory pentatomid bug, Eocanthecona furcellata was noticed sucking the body sap of lepidopterous larvae. The peak activity of lady bird beetle in second week of August and September with 0.4 grub and adult per plant, whereas the predatory pentatomid bug and spider is both last week of August with 1.1 and 1.2 bugs and spider per plant respectively. Key words: Girdle beetle, caterpillar, sucking pests and soybean.

Efficacy of different insecticides against green semilooper (Diachrysia orichalcea) on Soybean

In 2-year trial lowest population of green semilooper was recorded in 29-day treatment with phorate 10 G @ 10 kg/ha followed by carbosulfan 25 DS @ 20 g/kg seed, thimethoxam 75 wS @ 5 g/kg seed, and carbofuran 3 G @ 10 kg/ha (before-sowing). At second treatment Triazophos 40 Ec was superior followed by dimethoate 30 Ec, phorate 10 G and carbofuran 3 G.

Efficacy of newer insecticides and biorationals on larval population of green semilooper and tobacco caterpiller

The experimental findings revealed that larval population of green semilooper and Spodoptera litura per meter row length at 3, 7, and 10 days after spraying was low in thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ha alternate with rynaxypyr 20 Sc @ 150 ml/ha followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ha alternated with triazophos 40 Ec @0.80 l/ha, thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ha alternated with indoxacarb 15 Ec @ 0.50 l/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ha alternated with spinosad 45 SC @ 0.20 l/ha as compared to untreated control. The significantly maximum grain yield was recorded in thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ha alternated with triazophos 40 Ec @0.80 l/ha, 1481 kg/ha treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 gm/ha alternated with rynaxpayr 20 Sc @ 150 ml/ha, 1376 kg/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 gm/ha alternated with spinosad 45 Sc @0.20 l/ha, 1262 kg/ha as compared to untreated control, 653 kg/ha. Application of thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 gm/ha alternated with triazophos 40 EC @ 0.80 l/ha, gave the benefit of Rs. 15,470.

Effects of intercropping sesame, Sesamum indicum and false sesame, Ceratotheca sesamoides on infestation by the sesame leafroller, Antigastra catalaunalis, the green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta and the parasitiod, Apanteles syleptae

Full Title: Effects of intercropping sesame, Sesamum indicum and false sesame, Ceratotheca sesamoides on infestation by the sesame leafroller, Antigastra catalaunalis, the green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta and the parasitiod, Apanteles syleptaeField plot experiments were conducted in 2009-2010 to study the effects of intercropping sesame Sesamum indicum L. (Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) and false sesame Ceratotheca sesamoides (Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) on infestation by the sesame leafroller, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel)( Lepidoptera: Crambidae), the green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta (Walker)(Noctuidae) and the parasitiod, Apanteles syleptae F. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. There were five treatments namely sole crop S. indicum, sole crop C. sesamoides, intercrop 1 (1 row of S. indicum: 1 row of C. sesamoides), intercrop 2 (2 rows of S. indicum: 1 row of C. sesamoides) and intercrop 3 (1 row of S. indicum: 2 rows of C. sesamoides). The treatments were each replicated three times. There was no application of insecticide on the treatments. Counting of insects was done three times a week. The crops were harvested 8 weeks after planting for the yield analysis using the land equivalent ratio. The highest mean number of A. catalaunalis was recorded on sole crop S. indicum while the least population was recorded on C. sesamoides. Intercrop 1 had the highest reduction in pest numbers among the three different intercropping patterns, while the highest yield was recorded on intercrop 2 which also had the highest land equivalent ratio value of 2.16. This value implies that the intercropped area would produce twice as much as the monocrop.Key words: insect damage, abundance, yield and land equivalent ratio

Report of fungus, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson on defoliator caterpillars (Lepidoptera) in soybean crop.

Hipoepa biasalis (Walker) is reported for the first time as a defoliator green semilooper of soybean in the zone. Epizootics of an entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi (F.) Samson was observed on all the defoliators of soybean field except S. obliqua for the first time from southern humid zone of Rajasthan. The cloudy condition coupled with high humidity has favored the growth of this fungus to infect the defoliators effectively in soybean. Initially larvae were infected with white spores then covered with the green spore mass. The prolegs were attached to the leaves while the front legs were hanging above the leaves. Most of the dead larvae were attached to the midrib of the leaves. The mean number of dead larvae was in the range of 3-4 per meter row length.

Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests and Their Biocontrol Agents on Soybean

Seasonal incidence of insect pests of soybean will be recorded from field during kharif 2010.Soybean variety JS-93-05 will be sown on 3 July 2010. In this experiment numbers of plants infested by girdle beetle and the number of caterpillar pests and natural enemies will be counted from ten randomly selected places (in one meter row-length ). to record the observations on sucking pests, insect population will be recorded from randomly selected twenty plants on which five leaves taken three from upper and two from bottom in each at ten days interval. During the course of study, five insects species, viz., Girdle beetle, Obereopsis brevis tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, green semilooper, Chryrodecxis acuta, Jassids, Empoasca kerri and white flies, Bemisia tabaci were recorded as the major pests on soybean, variety JS 93-05 causing damage at various stages of the crop. All these insects made their first appearance on the crop to a greater or lesser extent in the last week of July. The activity of girdle beetle increased gradually with peak density of the cerambycid in the last week of August recoding 3.2 damaged plants per meter row with seasonal mean of 1.73 damaged plants. The density of lepidopterous caterpillars increased gradually with peak population of 5.0 larvae per meter row during the last week of August and seasonal mean of 3.22 larvae per meter row among the sucking pests, whitefly was observed in higher numbers than jassids. The peak density of sucking pests was observed during third week of September with 4.4 sucking pests/plant and seasonal mean of 3.62 white flies and jassids per plant. Preying upon the sucking Insects, were two species of lady bird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata and Menochilus sexmaculata and two species of spiders, lynx spider and an unidentified golden preying spider. The latter was also a recorded preying on lepidopterous larvae. A predatory pentatomid bug, Eocanthecona furcellata was observed sucking the body sap of lepidopterous larvae, there existed a positive but nonsignificant correlation between lepidopterous larvae and predators and between sucking pests and predatory fauna with „r‟ values 0.545 and 0.798, respectively. (

Spectrum of Insect Pest Complex of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) at Lambapeepal Village in Kota Region

The field studies were carried out for identification of various insect pests of soybean at Lambapeepal village agriculture farm in Kota region. Study of insect pest complex was done from July 2010 to October 2010 by direct visual counting method. The investigations reveal that maximum population of green semilooper was observed on vegetative stage of Glycine max, while tobacco caterpillar was most frequent on flowering and pod stages. The order of frequency of pests at vegetative stage was green semilooper (1.2) > tobacco caterpillar (0.8) > grass hoppers (0.4) >, girdle beetle and Heliothis sp. (0.2 each) > white fly (0.1). The order of frequency of pests of flowering stage was, tobacco caterpillar (3.25) > green semilooper, Heliothis sp. and grass hopper (0.8 each) > girdle beetle (0.6) > white fly (0.4) > Bihar hairy caterpillar (0.3) > pollen feeder (0.2), while the frequency order at pod stages was tobacco caterpillar (2.75) > Heliothis sp. and grasshoppers (0.8 each) > girdle beetle and hairy caterpillar (0.5 each) > pollen feeder (0.4) > white fly (0.2).

Natural Occurrence of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea rileyi in the Soybean Green Semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta, in India

Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects lepidopteran larvae. The fungus was observed in populations of the soybean green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta, in the humid Southeastern Plain Zone of Rajasthan, India, in 2001. Accepted for publication 16 December 2002. Published 13 January 2003.

Acceptance of eggs ofRivula atimeta, Naranga aenescens [Lep.: Noctuidae] andHydrellia philippina [Dipt.: Ephydridae] by insect predators on rice

Eight insect predators common in the rice ecosystem in the Philippines were compared in the laboratory on their ability as to feed on the eggs of green hairy caterpillar,Rivula atimeta Swinhoe. A ranking, based on feeding rates was made:Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) (Gryllidae) was the most voracious predator, followed byAnaxipha longipennis (Serville)(Gryllidae), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel)(Carabidae), Micraspis nr.crocea (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae) andConocephalus longipennis (de Haan) (Tettigoniidae). Also the smallCyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Miridae), readily fed upon the eggs.Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Staphilinidae) andCoccinella repanda (Thunberg) (Coccinellidae) fed to a very limited extent.Metioche vittaticollis andCyrtorhinus lividipennis were also tested on eggs of green semilooper,Naranga aenescens Moore, and rice whorl maggot,Hydrellia philippina Ferino. The feeding rate ofM. vittaticollis was similar on the 3 different preys, butC. lividipennis had a higher feeding rate onN. aenescens eggs.

Economic threshold level for green semilooper,Chrysodeixis acuta(Walker) on soybean

Abstract The economic threshold level for the green semilooper, Chrysodeixis acuta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was determined on soybean cultivar JS 72–44 during 1986 in Madhya Pradesh, India. With an increase of every 1 larva/mrl (meter row length) at 45 d.a.e. (days after emergence) (flower initiation stage) and at 66 d.a.e. (pod filling stage), there were reductions of 593 and 662 kg/ha in grain yield, respectively. The yield loss caused by 3 to 18 larvae/mrl at flower initiation ranged from 7.29% to 45.51%, and that at pod filling ranged 9.43% to 46.49%. The control measures should be adopted at economic threshold level of three larvae and 2 larvae/mrl at flower initiation and pod filling stage of the crop, respectively.

Life history and plant host range of the rice green semilooper

Life history and plant host range of the rice green semilooper