The significance of sustainability awareness in society has captured the attention of both scholars and professionals. The pursuit of environmental sustainability has transitioned from an aspiration to an urgent matter. Understanding the interplay between green capabilities and green procurement practices has become key to improving performance. This study investigated the nexus between green capabilities and the adoption of green procurement practices to improve their collective impact on environmental sustainability. Green capabilities and green purchasing practices were theorized. A conceptual framework was developed to address the sustainability problems in the supply chain. Quantitative research with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 203 respondents. The unity of analysis was the supply chain professionals working in fast moving markets in Oman. Validity and reliability of data was determined. A structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the data. The results show that the incorporation of green capabilities into green purchasing practices can lead to environmental sustainability. These findings provide supply chain managers with insights into implementing environmentally friendly practices within their respective entities. The government of Oman as a major purchaser of goods and services can lead by example by incorporating green procurement principles into its own procurement processes. Thus, the government can stimulate demand for sustainable goods and encourage private sector adoption of green practices.