Green Products Research Articles

Ru0.1Mn0.9Ox Electrocatalyst for Durable Oxygen Evolution in Acid Seawater.

Currently, direct electrolysis of seawater for green hydrogen production is primarily focused on neutral and alkaline systems. However, the precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions restricts the advancement of this technology. An acidic system can effectively address this issue. Given that Ru/Ir-based catalysts with high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity also exhibit high chlorine evolution reaction (CER) activity, acid seawater splitting requires anodes with higher selectivity and stability compared to the other two systems. In this study, we propose a non-precious Ru0.1Mn0.9Ox as the active anode for direct acid seawater electrolysis, which exhibits a high OER selectivity and remarkable stability for more than 1200 hours. Different from the Cl--free system, *Cl occupied on Ru sites could shift the OER active center to Mn on Ru0.1Mn0.9Ox, which prevents the lattice oxygen consumed on Ru and hinders the metal site dissolution. As the CER-insensitive catalytic center, Mn activated by the introduction of Ru can adsorb a substantial amount of *OH, creating an OER-favored local environment that inhibits CER. We introduce Cl--assisted transfer of OER active sites to CER-insensitive Mn as a fundamental strategy for achieving highly selective and durable oxygen evolution in acidic seawater.

Preparation and Electrocatalytic Properties of One-Dimensional Nanorod-Shaped N, S Co-Doped Bimetallic Catalysts of FeCuS-N-C

Metal air batteries have gradually attracted public attention due to their advantages such as high power density, high energy density, high energy conversion efficiency, and clean and green products. Reasonable design of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with high cost-effectiveness, high activity, and high stability is of great significance. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, and designability, which make them widely used in many fields, especially in catalysis. This paper starts with regulating and optimizing the composition and structure of MOFs. A series of N, S co-doped electrocatalysts FeCuS-N-C were prepared by two high-temperature pyrolysis processes using N-doped carbon hollow nanorods derived from ZIF-8 as the substrate. The one-dimensional nanorod material derived from this MOF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic ORR performance (Eonset = 0.998 V, E1/2 = 0.874 V). When used as the air cathode catalyst for zinc air batteries and assembled into liquid ZABs, the battery discharge curve was calculated and found to have a maximum power density of 142.7 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 817.1 mAh gZn−1, and a cycling stability test of over 400 h. This study provides an innovative approach for designing and optimizing non-precious metal catalysts for zinc air batteries.

Advancing biorefineries with ultrasonically assisted ionic liquid-based delignification: Optimizing biomass processing for enhanced bio-based product yields

Encouraging sustainable business needs utilization of bio-based substrate for green manufacturing of chemicals and fuels to achieve sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. One of the abundantly available bio-based substrates is lignocellulosic (LC) biomass, which requires effective pretreatment to fractionate into its structural biocomponents to maximize biorefinery potential. This study addresses the use of an inexpensive ionic liquid (triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate) [T2220][HSO4] in an ultrasound-assisted process as an environmentally acceptable pretreatment method for the delignification of LC biomass, specifically rice straw (RS). Using ionic liquid (IL)-assisted (IL, acid-IL, and alkali-IL) pretreatment procedures, the effects of IL volume, sonication time, and temperature were methodically examined for RS delignification. To evaluate the compositional changes in pretreated and raw RS, instrumental analyses were carried out. The maximum rates of 47 %, 55 %, and 64 % for the only IL, acid-IL, and alkali-IL treatments demonstrated the effect of temperature, operating time, and IL concentration on the delignification efficiency. The alkali-IL pretreatment was noteworthy for achieving a 64 % delignification rate under optimum values of IL volume (8.65 mL), sonication time (123 min), and temperature (82 °C). Artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for process modeling and optimization. With an accuracy of 0.989 in correlation coefficient, the ANN model outperformed the RSM regression model regarding forecasting delignification performance. Biorefinery of renewable biomass resources ensures the sustainable supply of materials, chemicals, and fuels. The delignification and downstream product recovery technologies are major limiting factors in the commercialization of biomass processing. The suggested [T2220][HSO4]-based ultrasonic approach provides a viable way to boost biomass valorization efficiency, which in turn improves economical and sustainable biorefinery and aids in the shift to green bio-based production.

Impact of Green Product Innovation, Green Process Innovation, and Green Competitive Advantage on the Sustainable Performance of Garment Firms in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework

Impact of Green Product Innovation, Green Process Innovation, and Green Competitive Advantage on the Sustainable Performance of Garment Firms in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework

Parametric modeling of green hydrogen production in solar PV-CSP hybrid plants: A techno-economic evaluation approach

This study conducts a unique parametric study to comprehensively assess the integration of Photovoltaics (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) for sustained electrolyzer load. An optimal design of the hybrid system is performed, and an economic model for hydrogen production is developed that considers six key parameters: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of PV, LCOE of CSP, electrolyzer cost, electrolyzer efficiency, electrolyzer stack lifetime hours, and the interest rate. A detailed parametric study for the electrolyzer model involved a dataset of 246,961 unique parameter combinations. The results reveal that the LCOE of CSP and electrolyzer costs are the most influential factors, with proportions of 51.6 % and 21.4 %, respectively. The LCOE's potential 24 % reduction in the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) is the major contributor to the 50 % decrease in CSP costs.”. The study highlights a consistent gradient in LCOH reduction as the electrolyzer cost with the LCOE of CSP decreases. This trend could lead to a remarkable decrease in LCOH to 1.5 $/kg at certain conditions, underscoring the significance of optimizing CSP costs and electrolyzer efficiency for efficient green hydrogen production.

Effects of the Dynamic Loading Frequency on Performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Green hydrogen production via PEM water electrolysis is challenged by fluctuating input power when coupled with renewable energy sources. This study investigates the effects of dynamic loading frequencies on membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance and durability. We found that higher loading frequencies facilitate the growth of the oxide layer of Ti porous transport layer (Ti-PTL) due to increased duration in the voltage spike region. These thicker and coarser oxide layers directly induce cracks and delamination in the anodic catalyst layers by spontaneously adsorbing an ionomer. These changes negatively impact the interface contact quality and anodic electrochemical active area, ultimately reducing the performance of the MEA, with higher frequencies accelerating this degradation. Additionally, applying a Pt coating to PTL effectively mitigates these adverse effects. This work highlights the importance of dynamic loading studies and reveals that effective management of the Ti-PTL and catalyst/PTL interface is necessary to achieve long-term operational durability of PEM water electrolysis.

Modeling Framework for the Assessment of a Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Supply Chain Network in California

The cost-effective and sustainable deployment of hydrogen supply and demand networks, especially in large economic regions like California, can be challenging considering the spatial-temporal availability and variability of the different actors across the network such as production processes, distribution modes, and end-users. In this presentation, we will provide an overview and demonstration of a modeling framework used to assess the environmental, economic, and human health impacts of plausible hydrogen production and supply chain networks in California. Scenarios focus on green hydrogen production pathways using water electrolysis and biomass gasification. End-use applications included in the model are transit, medium and heavy-duty trucking, port authorities, and power and aviation companies that currently consume natural gas, diesel, and aviation fuel for their day-to-day operation. Representative locations for hydrogen production and end-use are based on recent projections of the hydrogen economy in California. All mass and energy flows, as well as estimated emissions, are based on H2A process model designs and projections of technology performance, literature review, and LBNL process, economic and life cycle modeling, and not on company data for the sake of this presentation. Human health impacts are included following methodologies developed for the University of California Irvine HyDeal project. Life cycle phases associated with hydrogen production include feedstock preparation (water and biomass), energy production and consumption (renewable, grid, and combination of renewable and grid electricity), maintenance (chemical utilization in electrolysis and natural gas combustion in gasification), carbon sequestration, hydrogen storage (compression and liquefaction), and distribution (truck and pipeline). We apply the framework utilizing California specific emission factors, financial data, and human health damages and explore the impact of network characteristics on results. Example variations include: the inclusion of policy incentives or not, different representations of the electricity grid and source, electrolysis versus gasification versus combinations of both for production, liquefaction versus compression based on producer capacity cutoffs, transportation truck versus pipeline based on existing infrastructure, and ultimate end use. Comparison of these different scenarios can help inform future projects by demonstrating the trade-offs among environmental, economic, and human health impacts. This model, automated in R, is a starting platform upon which new analysis, modeling capabilities, locations, and emission factors can be rapidly tested and integrated.

Harmony of Nature: Building the Image of Wellness Tourism through Green Product Development

This study aims to analyze Subaya Village, Bangli, Kintamani's condition and potential through a mixed approach that combines field observation and SWOT analysis. This method involves in-depth observation of the Village's strengths and weaknesses and interviews with village officials and the community to identify opportunities and threats. The study results show that Subaya Village has significant strengths, including abundant natural resources and a rich local culture, which can be utilized for tourism development. However, infrastructure weaknesses and limited human resources must be overcome. The study also identifies opportunities for developing eco-tourism and community empowerment programs, while threats such as climate change and competition from other regions must be addressed with appropriate mitigation strategies. This finding is expected to provide a basis for the sustainable development of Subaya Village and improve community welfare through optimal utilization of local potential.

Green Marketing's Role in Molding Customer Buying Decision for Green Products

Green Marketing's Role in Molding Customer Buying Decision for Green Products

Assessment of water electrolysis projects for green hydrogen production with a novel hybrid Q-learning algorithm and molecular fuzzy-based modelling

Determining the most important criteria for increasing the efficiency of water electrolysis investments provides businesses with a competitive advantage. Although there are many studies in the literature on this importance, there are very few studies determining the most important of these performance indicators. To satisfy this gap, the purpose of this study is to make assessment of water electrolysis projects for green hydrogen production via a novel model. First, the balanced expert evaluation matrices are obtained by q-learning algorithm. Secondly, the criteria for water electrolysis investments are prioritized using molecular fuzzy Bayesian network (BANEW). Thirdly, green hydrogen strategies for water electrolysis investments are ranked with molecular fuzzy multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The most important contribution of this study to the literature is the determination of the criteria that should be applied primarily for the performance increase of water electrolysis investments by creating a new model. The use of molecular fuzzy numbers is a very important contribution of the model to the literature. In this process, the use of three-dimensional geometric figures allows the reduction of uncertainties in decision-making processes. The findings indicate that lifespan of electrolysers and production capacity are the most essential criteria. Additionally, proton exchange membrane electrolysers and alkaline water electrolysis are found as the most critical green hydrogen strategies. Extending the life of electrolysers is crucial to increase sustainability in hydrogen production and reduce long-term costs. In this context, research incentives should be provided for the development of materials and technologies to increase the durability of electrolysers. Similarly, establishing quality standards to extend the life of electrolysers also contributes to achieving this goal.

Impact of digital trade policy on regional carbon efficiency: a quasi-experimental study in China

Digital trade brings opportunities for the region to develop an open economy, and also leads to changes in regional green productivity and progress towards carbon neutrality. This study uses pilot policies of cross-border e-commerce cities as a quasi-experiment to examine how digital trade policies affect regional carbon emission efficiency. It is found that the carbon efficiency of the pilot cities was significantly improved after the intervention policy of digital trade. This conclusion is still supported by the entropy balance matching sample and the estimator after considering the heterogeneity treatment effect. Digital trade policies can help developing countries improve sustainable competitiveness and pursue carbon neutrality. In addition, digital trade can significantly promote regional energy productivity and green production technology, which is conducive to the improvement of carbon emission efficiency. These findings provide implications and insights for making low-carbon development policies in the era of digital trade.

Optimal pricing policy for green products under supply disruption

In recent years, the frequency and extent of supply disruptions have caused serious challenges for supply chains worldwide. To address the resulting supply–demand mismatches, supply chain partners regularly have employed various pricing strategies. First, this study focuses on presenting an optimal pricing model and analysis for a retailer in a monopoly market under supply disruption, which impacts the offerings of two substitutable products with different degrees of greenness. Next, the study presents and analyzes optimal pricing decisions for a retailer in a duopoly market, where two competing retailers have similar product offerings. Results for the monopoly market indicate that as the disruption duration increases, to compensate for the increased waiting time, the price of the greener product should decrease, while the price of the less green product may either increase or decrease depending on the consumer’s sensitivity to price and wait times. In addition, the price difference between the products grows with the disparity in their degrees of greenness. In a duopoly market, the non-disrupted retailer can capitalize on their competitors’ supply issues by adjusting their pricing strategies accordingly. Sensitivity analyses conducted under both monopoly and duopoly markets reveal the impacts of critical factors individually and in combinations. These findings provide actionable insights for retailers to strategically manage product pricing and demand in the face of green supply chain disruptions.

Continuous CuCl2 Hydrolysis in the Six-Step Cu–Cl Thermochemical Cycle for Green Hydrogen Production

Continuous CuCl₂ Hydrolysis in the Six-Step Cu–Cl Thermochemical Cycle for Green Hydrogen Production

Dynamic Creation of a Local Acid-like Environment for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Natural Seawater.

Electrolysis of natural seawater driven by renewable energy is practically attractive for green hydrogen production. However, because precipitation initiated by an increase in local pH near to the cathode deactivates catalysts or blocks electrolyzer channels, limited catalysts are capable of operating with untreated, natural seawater (viz., pH 8.2 to 8.3 and ca. 35 g salts L-1); most are used in strongly alkaline or acidic seawater. Here, we report a new natural seawater electrolysis cathode with precipitation-suppression via a Pt/WO2 catalyst to create a dynamically local acid-like environment. The in situ formed hydrogen tungsten bronze (HxWOy) phase via continuous hydrogen insertion from water acts as a proton reservoir. As a result, dynamically stored protons create a local acid-like environment near the Pt active sites. We evidence that this tailored acid-like environment boosts the hydrogen evolution reaction in natural seawater splitting and neutralizes generated OH- species to restrict precipitation formations. Consequently, a long-term stability of >500 h at 100 mA cm-2 was exhibited in direct seawater electrolysis.

Dual chalcogenide coordination engineering on a self-supported alloy electrode for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.

The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds substantial promise for large-scale green hydrogen production due to its cost-effectiveness, high performance, and scalability for repeated implementation. A promising strategy that involves a novel transition-metal chalcogenide with a self-supported framework can improve the reaction kinetics in the HER. We synthesize a nano three-dimensional self-supported HER catalyst via a straightforward one-step chemical vapor deposition process. This method incorporates a dual co-reaction with sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) onto a commercially available Monel alloy (CNSSe). The dynamics ion exchange redox reactions promote the formation of heterogeneous catalyst structures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the CNSSe catalyst exhibits low hydrogen coverage, as evidenced by a thermoneutral free energy of adsorbed hydrogen (ΔGH*) of 0.105 eV, which can be attributed to the dual introduction of S and Se. Consequently, the optimized CNSSe electrocatalyst achieves an enhancement in HER performance exceeding 100% compared to catalysts introduced exclusively with either S or Se. These results underscore the substantial potential of the optimized CNSSe electrocatalyst to improve both the performance and economic feasibility of HER technologies in alkaline water electrolysis.

Sulfurization of ternary NiCoZn layered double hydroxides for enhanced and durable alkaline overall water splitting

Designing an efficient bifunctional cost-effective electrocatalyst for overall water splitting is strongly coveted for the commercialization of green hydrogen production. In this work, novel sulfurization of ternary binder-free NiCoZn LDH on nickel foam was carried out with different amounts of thiol source via a simple hydrothermal method. All the samples were characterized for their phase, structure, functional groups, morphology, surface elemental analysis, and surface area. The sulfurized samples possess a sheet-like morphology with a high surface area of about 547.8 m2 g-1. The optimally sulfurized (NCZ-S) electrode exhibited a lower overpotential of 272 mV and 352 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm-2 with small Tafel values of 87.2 mV dec‑1 and 103.3 mV dec‑1 for HER and OER respectively. The overall water splitting was carried out with the NCZ-S electrode, which required a small electrolytic cell potential of 1.62 V. The electrode system was stable for an enduring time of 150 h with no activity loss. The efficient and feasible sulfurization step dramatically improves the overall activity and stability of the pristine electrodes which is also verified by the DFT studies.

PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK HIJAU DI KELURAHAN KERANGGAN, TANGERANG SELATAN

Product quality and green product innovation determine the level of competition in small, medium, and large-scale businesses. Therefore, all manufacturers are competing to improve the products produced, including green products or environmentally friendly products which are currently a central issue for businessmen in Indonesia. The purpose of this community service is to provide training to improve the quality of green products for beginner small businessmen and experienced small business people in Keranggan Village, South Tangerang so that the products produced become the target of consumers. This activity is carried out systematically starting from planning to evaluation. Training is an important strategy to increase the added value of products, especially green products that are increasingly needed in efforts to mitigate environmental degradation. The training methods used are lectures, discussions, and surveys of the participants before and after the training. The results of community service show that most small business owners in Keranggan have a very high need to increase the value of their products. The training covers various topics, ranging from selecting raw materials, production processes, and evaluating environmentally friendly products. The assessment of the training session showed a significant increase in participants' understanding and commitment to developing the value of the resulting green products. The practical implications of this community service include the importance of continuously strengthening the small and medium business community about green products that are competitive.

The effect and mechanism of digital economy on green total factor productivity — Empirical evidence from China

In the context of global digitalization, it is of great significance to promote the development of digital economy to reduce carbon emissions and improve green total factor productivity (GTFP). Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, this study constructs a variety of methods, such as Super-SBM model, fixed effect model and intermediary effect model, to empirically test the impact and mechanism of digital economy (DIE) on GTFP. Based on the research findings, the growth of DIE contributes to the improvement of GTFP. Moreover, the impact of DIE on GTFP in eastern China is greater than that in central and western China. There are significant differences between the development level of DIE and GTFP in eastern, central and western regions. Further research shows that digital economy affects the improvement of GTFP through three intermediary variables: economic scale, industrial structure and technological innovation. This study provides empirical evidence to support the effective enhancement of GTFP in developing countries as the digital economy evolves. It provides effective recommendations for developing countries and emerging economies to develop a green economy. However, this study has limitations in data sample, research scope and mechanism analysis depth. Therefore, the conclusions drawn in this study can only provide empirical evidence for identifying the relationship between the DIE and GTFP to a certain extent. Future research should be expanded in these aspects.

Impact of green finance on green total factor productivity: New evidence from improved synthetic control methods

Although green finance policy is essential for sustainable development, its impact on green development is often underestimated. Using city-level data in China from 2009 to 2022, this study identifies the causal effect of green finance policy on green total factor productivity (GTFP) through an improved synthetic control method. The findings are as follows: First, green finance positively influences GTFP growth, and this effect increases over time. Second, the baseline results remain robust when tested using alternative estimation methods and information criteria. Third, the mechanism analysis shows that green finance policy enhances GTFP through the optimization of energy structure and technological innovation. This study provides new evidence that green finance promotes green development and contributes to addressing global climate change.

Green hydrogen energy revolution: unleashing India’s competitiveness

Learning outcomes This case can be used to highlight aspects of strategic management, such as industry analysis as well as country competitiveness. After working through the case and assignment questions, the students will be able to analyse the competitiveness of – the green hydrogen industry in India – while comparing key structural elements with international benchmarks with European Union and China; examine the strategy of India’s Ministry of New and Renewal Energy an anchor entity implementing India’s National Green Hydrogen mission; assess the recent strategy of India’s ministry of new and renewal energy implementing Indian Government’s National Green Hydrogen Mission to contribute to India’s sustainability and climate goals including net zero targets, and motivations for the shift and its fit with the broader external environment; and suggest recommendations that might help Indian Government in achieving its strategic goals of improving India’s competitiveness in green hydrogen energy industry. Case overview/synopsis This case, based on actual events, described a situation faced by Raj Kumar Singh, the Cabinet Minister for Power & New & Renewable Energy, Government of India. The “National Green Hydrogen Mission”, launched by the Government of India in January 2023, is seen as a strategic endeavour to position India at the forefront of green hydrogen production globally. The budget allocated for the mission is $2.4bn (INR 19,744 Cr) until FY 2029–2030, and it aspires to stimulate the paradigm shift in India’s energy landscape. The mission seeks to reduce India’s dependence on its energy imports by capitalizing green hydrogen’s potential, lowering the production cost to $1 per kg by 2030, and develop a formidable 5 million metric tons (MMT) annual production capacity with potential expansion to 10 MMT. The success of the mission is dependent of several key factors like decrease in production costs, advancements in electrolyser technology, support system of the government and the strategic collaborations. However, the path towards mission’s success faces challenges such as infrastructure development, storage and distribution. Despite these challenges, the government is determined in its commitment to scale up green hydrogen production, positioning India as a global center for this sustainable energy source. This case provides a rich context for discussions on how policy, technical and economic factors will interact for shaping the future of green hydrogen industry in India. Complexity academic level Case applicable for management classes preferably in MBA class. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Porter, Michael E. (1990–03 - 01). “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”. Harvard Business Review. No. March–April 1990. ISSN 0017–8012. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.