Market For Green Products Research Articles

Optimal Decisions of a Green Supply Chain under the Joint Action of Fairness Preference and Subsidy to the Manufacturer

Government subsidy promotes the development of green supply chain, and the influence of decision-makers’ behavioral preferences becomes increasingly prominent in green supply chain management. In order to further enrich the research content of green supply chain, we first use Stackelberg game theory to construct game models by taking the product green degree, wholesale price and retail price as the decision variables, then we work out the equilibrium strategies of the manufacturer and the retailer under four decision scenarios, and reveal the impact differences between the two parties’ fairness preference behaviors. Our research mainly has the following findings: Firstly, the government subsidy to the manufacturer can benefit these two parties and can have certain impact on the optimal decisions only by working with the green product market expansion efficiency. Secondly, these two parties’ fairness preference behaviors can cause serious damage to the other party’s profit and the overall profit of green supply chain, and increase the rate of their own profit in the overall profit of green supply chain, but the difference is that the retailer’s fairness preference behavior can cause a greater decline in product green degree and wholesale price, and when certain conditions are met, its own profit may rise compared to its fairness neutral, while the manufacturer’s fairness preference behavior can cause a greater damage to the overall profit of green supply chainand make its own profit always be lower than its fairness neutral. Thirdly, the government subsidy to the manufacturer and the fairness preference behaviors of both parties can cause a stack effect on the optimal solutions, which means that the subsidy government provides for the manufacturer can aggravate the negative influence caused by these two parties’ fairness preference behaviors.

PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT DAN GREEN MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ELEKTRONIK MERK SHARP DI ELECTRONIC CITY CIPINANG INDAH MALL JAKARTA TIMUR

This study aims to determine: 1) The effect of green products on purchasing decisions for Sharp brand electronic products at Electronic City Cipinang Indah Mall, East Jakarta; 2) The effect of green marketing on purchasing decisions for Sharp brand electronic products at Electronic City Cipinang Indah Mall, East Jakarta; 3) Simultaneously the effect of green product and green marketing on the Purchase Decision of Sharp brand electronic products at Electronic City Cipinang Indah Mall, East Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire. The sample used amounted to 66 respondents namely consumers of Sharp brand electronic products at Electronic City Cipinang Indah Mall, East Jakarta. Test the validity of the instrument using the Pearson Product Moment correlation formula. Reliability test using Alpha Cronbach. Hypothesis testing uses multiple regression analysis. Keywords: green product, green marketing, purchasing decision.

Green product development under competition: A study of the fashion apparel industry

Motivated by the observed industrial issues, we analytically develop a fashion supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two competing retailers and investigate how retail competition and consumer returns affect green product development in fashion apparel. In the basic model, that is, the pure “product greenness level” game, we find that the optimal greenness level of the fashion product decreases along with the level of market competition. This finding implies that a more competitive market leads to a lower optimal greenness level. We also identify that when the consumer return rate increases, the optimal product greenness level is substantially reduced. In the extended model with joint decisions on greenness and pricing, we find that the optimal product greenness level for the whole channel is always higher in the scenario when both retailers charge a higher retail price than in the case with a lower retail price. As such, the underdevelopment of green fashion products is a result of fashion industry features, such as an extremely competitive environment for green product development, relatively low retail prices for fashion products, and high consumer return rates. Therefore, fashion companies should join a co-opetition game for the green product market and simultaneously enhance their efficiency in managing consumer returns. To support our analytical findings, we conduct extensive industrial interviews with various representative companies. Based on this multi-methodological approach (MMA), this paper generates practice-relevant managerial insights that not only contribute to the literature, but also act as valuable references for industrialists.

Green Marketing:Assessment of Relationship Between Attitude and Purchasing Behavior of Iranian Consumers

Consumers green purchasing decisions are strongly influenced by attitudes, behaviour and concern for ecological issues, which subsequently affects consumer lifestyles. The purpose of present study is to examine the suitability of the variables characteristic of consumers’ purchasing decisions specific to environmental awareness. The criteria of consumers’ knowledge and attitude and energy efficient products were explicitly studied. Data was collected from 400 respondents from the southern region of Iran by administering a survey questionnaire. The statistical analysis done through the Chi-square testing. The results showed that the overall environmental awareness had a significant impact on consumers’ buying decisions endorsing the utility and applicability of green concerns to marketers and retailers to incorporate the same in marketing mix. Rather than making big claims, marketers must put into practice the competitive advantages of green marketing products and ensuring the preservation of the environment.

Gender-based dichotomies in various psychographic attributes for environmentally friendly products

Orientation: Environmentally friendly consumption behaviour is one of the topical issues in contemporary marketing discourse. However, this subject has received considerable research attention mostly in middle- and high-income markets at the expense of developing world contexts. Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore if there is a dichotomy between gender groups on the following consumer attributes: green attitude, green personality, green values and green purchasing intention. Producers and retailers of environmentally friendly products need to understand the profile of their customers if they are to effectively segment and target them. Motivation for the study : The study is motivated by a need to understand any potential differences in customer attributes in green markets. An appreciation of such differences will supply marketers of environmentally products with critical information which can help them to design and position their value propositions. Research design, approach and method: An exploratory and cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from a total of 284 respondents using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The student’s t -test and multiple regression analyses were used for data analysis. Main findings: The study unveiled significant gender-based disparities in social altruistic values, but none in green personality, green attitude and green purchasing intention. Moreover, it was discovered that green attitude, green values and green personality had different levels of influence on the green purchasing intention of different gender groups, with a stronger impact observed among the sample of male respondents. The implication is that marketers of green products should consider gender-informed disparities in various psychographic attributes of consumers of environmentally friendly products. Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this study can assist producers and marketers of environmentally friendly products to develop value propositions that are appropriate for young consumers who belong to different gender groups. Contribution/value-add: Very little research in the Zimbabwean context exists with specific reference to how gender affects the green attributes of young, college-level consumers. This article adds value by unravelling some of the factors that influence the green purchasing intention of college students in Zimbabwe.

Smoothing Spline Nonparametric Path: Application for Green Product and Green Marketing Strategy towards Green Product Purchasing Intention

Objective of the study is to analyze how much influence Green Product has towards Green Marketing Strategy and influence of Green Product & Green Marketing Strategy towards Purchasing Intention of The Body Shop in Malang. The analysis method was smoothing spline non-parametric path analysis. Path analysis is one of the multivariate techniques observing cause and effect correlation between exogenous and endogenous variables in order to find the most efficient path. However, when linearity assumption has not been identified yet or regression curve is unknown, the model cannot accommodate an unidentified regression function. Therefore, non-parametric path analysis is developed since the analysis is derived from the non-parametric regression analysis. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that (1) Green Product (X1) has influence towards purchasing decision (Y), (2) Green Product and Green Marketing Strategy has influence towards purchasing decision and (3) Green Marketing Strategy (X2) has influence towards purchasing decision (Y).

Perception of Marketers of Green Products: An Empirical Study

Perception of Marketers of Green Products: An Empirical Study

Implementation of the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules for dairy products: An approach to assess nitrogen emissions in a mass balanced dairy farm system

Following the Single Market for Green Products, the European Commission released the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules for Dairy Products (PEFCR-D). According to the PEFCR-D, nitrogen (N) emissions must be calculated as stated by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the European Environmental Agency (EMEP/EEA) methods. However, since the IPCC method and the EMEP/EEA method follow different N flows, the estimated N emissions differ at common farm stages resulting in incompatibilities in the reported PEFCR-D emissions from a mass balance perspective. This work proposes a comprehensive approach to calculate N emissions to satisfy the PEFCR-D guideline in a N balanced farm system. The proposed approach coordinates and balances the N flows at each stage in order to estimate the N emissions from the dairy system. In this regard, emissions such as N2O, NH3, NOx, N2 and NO3− are estimated following the IPCC and EMEP/EEA methods from a single N flow in the system. The N losses in the whole dairy farm are estimated to increase 4.41% as a result of the implementing the PEFCR-D in a N balanced system instead of a non-balanced one. Consequently, an increase in environmental impacts of the farm such as Global Warming Potential (6.68%), Marine Eutrophication (4.91%) and Terrestrial Eutrophication (4.26%) were also measured. Moreover, the proposed approach to implement the PEFCR-D enabled the redistribution of emissions between farm stages; particularly relocating N emissions and environmental impacts between manure management and application. This resulted in a decrement on the manure management stage environmental impacts such as Global Warming (−41.88%) and Photochemical Ozone formation (−25.49%). On the other hand, at application stage, increments in Global Warming (26.94%), Marine Eutrophication (8.48%) and Terrestrial Eutrophication (7.52%) were evidenced when contrasting the outcomes between the non-balanced and balanced PEFCR-D calculation approach.

Segmenting generation Y consumers based on green purchase intention

Purpose- This paper aims to discover Generation Y consumer segments with different green purchase intentions that are determined by environmental knowledge, environmental concern, environmental attitude and price sensitivity. Methodology- A total of 260 Generation Y consumers were contacted through online questionnaires using convenience sampling. Factor analysis and K-means clustering analysis were applied to investigate the segments. Findings- Five variables (environmental knowledge, environmental concern, environmental attitude, price sensitivity and green purchase intention) emerged from factor analysis were used for segmenting consumers into three clusters, namely as True Greens, Moderately Greens and Non-Greens. True Greens give high importance to environmental protection and they are willing to pay extra for green products. Moderately Greens are sensitive to environmental issues but their price sensitivity affects their green purchase intention negatively. Non-Greens are insensitive to environmental efforts and they do not care about buying green products. Conclusion- The results are not only useful for marketers of green products to understand different consumer segments that show significant variations in their green purchase intention, and approach them accordingly but also for academics working on consumer behavior.

Examining the Effect of Marketing Innovations on GPMA: A Study Using the PLS–SEM Approach

Continuous innovation keeps running the businesses. The rise in environmental issues and, in turn, the awareness growing around have led people at large to make purchase of their most needed products and fulfil their requirements, which adhere to environment-friendly norms. Because of the environmental concerns and legal constraints, several organizations are producing green products. There is a stiff competition among the brands to establish themselves as the environment friendly green products. The sustainability for these green products depends on many factors. The important among these are packaging and pricing. To influence the purchase behaviour of consumers and thereby attracting them to purchase green products, innovative ideas in marketing for the longer shelf life of such products are required. The pace at which the green products move out of the shelf impacts an organization’s bottom line, and it has a tandem effect on the environment protection. The article aims at examining the effect of marketing innovations on the longevity (agility) of green product market agility (GPMA). Examining the effect of marketing innovations involves two aspects, and we have kept both aspects parallel to each other. One aspect is to examine the effect of packaging, that is, marketing innovation on packaging (MIPA), and the other aspect is to examine the effect of pricing, that is, marketing innovation on pricing (MIPR), with consumer purchase behaviour acting as a mediator between MIPA and GPMA and consumer purchase intention acting as a mediator between MIPR and GPMA.

CONSPICUOUS GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CONSUMER ETHICS AND CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION

CONSPICUOUS GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CONSUMER ETHICS AND CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION

Me first, then the environment: young Millennials as green consumers

PurposeThis research aims to shed greater light on millennials’ green behavior by examining four psychographic variables (selfless altruism, frugality, risk aversion, and time orientation) that may be relevant to millennials’ motives to engage in environmental activities.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a sample of younger millennials (n = 276; age = 18 to 30) using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.FindingsOverall, the results of the study reveal that rational and self-oriented rather than emotional and others-oriented motives lead millennials to act pro-environmentally.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have implications for environmental advocates, policymakers and green marketers. For instance, the findings suggest that environmental regulators and lawmakers should continue their efforts to provide economic incentives to encourage pro-environmental purchases among millennials. Additionally, marketers of green products may pursue self-directed targeting strategies in promoting green products among millennials.Originality/valueMillennials grasp the environmental consequences of their actions and have the education, motivation and social awareness to participate in the green movement. However, they have not truly begun to fully integrate their beliefs and actions. The present study is an initial attempt to address this issue by investigating various psychological factors that are relevant to the millennials’ core behavioral motives.

Cost-sharing models for green product production and marketing in a food supply chain

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the coordination mechanism of cost sharing for green food production and marketing between a food producer and a supplier who both contribute to the sales of green food.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first develops demand functions for both a food supplier and a producer, considering their influence on green degree of food and associated consumers’ acceptances. Then, cost-sharing contracts-based game models are proposed. At last, regarding to optimal supply chain profits and green performance, the proposed contracts and the non-coordination situation are compared and tested by a real case.FindingsWhen green cost is only shared by one side, the cost-sharing contracts cannot optimally coordinate the food supply chain, but it can improve profits for both the supplier and producer. When consumers’ sensitivity to the green degree of food increases, a mutual cost-sharing contract will bring more profits for both the supplier and producer than those under the non-coordination mode in a decentralized supply chain situation. A real case verifies the conclusions.Research limitations/implicationsThe models are in complete information, and the market demand is assumed to be linear to sales price. Mutual cost sharing is only for material processing and food production, which can be extended to include sharing for sales cost. Coordination ideas on the proposed contracts development and solutions for optimal decisions can be applied in the other industries.Practical implicationsThe study shows that coordination between a supplier and a producer is needed to improve the food supply chain’s green performance.Originality/valueThis paper first extends the existing profit functions by considering the green efforts of both a supplier and a producer as well as their effects on green degree of products and consumers’ acceptances to the green degree.

The Effectiveness of the Multilateral Coalition to Develop a Green Agricultural Products Market in China Based on a TU Cooperative Game Analysis

Green agriculture can improve biodiversity, increase farmers’ income, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, solve food safety issues, and will be an important way to promote sustainable development in China. At present, the green transformation of China’s agriculture has encountered a bottleneck in the development of a green agricultural product market. How to develop a green agricultural product market has become an issue worthy of in-depth study in the academia. Previous studies have already given persuasive explanations for the inability to form a green agricultural product market, but few have explored its development path from the angle of cooperation. By employing the method of a Transferable Utilities (TU) cooperative game, and based on theoretical analyses and hypothetical data, this thesis aims to prove the effectiveness of the multilateral coalition to develop the green agricultural product market in China. The results show the effectiveness of the developed model of the green agricultural product market in which producers, consumers, food safety inspection departments, and e-commerce platforms cooperate with each other. This model meets the objective needs of the times and that of the market economy. According to the marginal contribution value of participants in different coalition orders, this thesis finds 6 kinds of coalition orders. When producers and consumers of green agricultural products enter the coalition in the last place, the marginal contribution value is maximized, which reflects the importance of the supply side and demand side of green agricultural products. In other words, the development of the green agricultural product market is a dynamic process—determined by consumers and promoted by producers—in which both sides promote and restrict each other. Finally, this article presents two policy recommendations: at the national level, to clearly proposes a strategy to build a green agricultural product e-commerce platform in China and to launch a pilot application for the specialized e-commerce platform for green agricultural products in the Guizhou province.

The Contribution of Management Control Systems to Environmental Capabilities

A growing number of companies are implementing proactive environmental strategies with the objective of gaining competitive advantage through an enhanced reputation, the reduction in production costs, and a first-mover advantage in the green product market. Yet according to the natural-resource-based view, the development and maintenance of unique and valuable environmental capabilities are the central elements allowing companies to gain financial benefit from their proactive environmental strategy. In this context, management control systems can contribute to the development of environmental capabilities by focusing attention on strategic priorities and stimulating dialogue. Through a single case study, and building on Simons’ (Levers of control: how Managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1995) four levers of control, we propose a conceptual framework of management control levers that show how companies can enhance (1) stakeholder integration capability through the joint use of belief, boundary, and diagnostic control systems; (2) shared vision capability through the joint use of the belief and boundary systems; (3) organizational learning capability through the use of interactive control systems and to a lesser extent diagnostic control systems; and (4) continuous innovation capability through the use of interactive control systems, belief systems and to a lesser extent diagnostic control systems.

Antecedents of green market performance: a case from Southeast Asian market

This empirical research was conducted to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the uniqueness of green products and market performance through green exploitative and explorative product capabilities, explorative and exploitative market penetration, and examining the effect of the uniqueness of green products on market performance. The exploitation and exploration of green product capabilities was considered as the antecedents and postulated as the driver of the uniqueness of green products, while exploitative and explorative market penetration were considered as the antecedents of market effectiveness. The current study proposes nine hypotheses. The statistical output showed that all hypotheses significantly affect green product differentiation and market performance but explorative market penetration is proven insignificant for leveraging market effectiveness. Data was collected from 1300 respondents charged as operational, sales, and marketing managers in Indonesia and several other Southeast Asian countries. Data was analysed using SEM with AMOS Statistical Software. This research demonstrated that green exploration and exploitation approaches to new product development practices hold a strategic anchor for enhancing green product differentiation and market performance.

Addressing Hotspots in the Product Environmental Footprint of CdTe Photovoltaics

A pilot study within the European Commission's “Single Market for Green Products” initiative has been developing standardized methods for measuring, verifying, and communicating a product's environmental performance. These methods provide the basis for identifying and then addressing hotspots in the product environmental footprint of photovoltaics (PV). In the case of CdTe PV, hotspots related to electricity usage in manufacturing, glass content in PV modules, and metal content in modules and balance of systems can be addressed through technology innovation. Transitioning to a larger, lighter (per unit area), more efficient, and still recyclable version of current thin film modules is expected to reduce the product environmental footprint of CdTe PV to a factor of 3.5–4 below that of an average PV module as proposed in the European Commission pilot study.

The Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) of photovoltaic modules—Lessons learned from the environmental footprint pilot phase on the way to a single market for green products in the European Union

AbstractShaping and channeling the transformation of the global energy system require an understanding of the life cycle environmental impacts of available technology options. With photovoltaic electricity generation expected to be the largest, least cost, and most relevant source of energy globally by mid‐century, the environmental and resource implications of this technology should be made accessible to a variety of societal, political, and scientific stakeholders. The Product Environmental Footprint Guide provides a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts of PV technologies based on life cycle assessment. The establishment of an inclusive multi‐stakeholder process with multiple checkpoints, ensuring scientific soundness, societal and political acceptance and methodological quality, is portrayed in this paper and can serve as a model for driving a single market for green products in the EU.

Young consumers’ green purchase behaviour in an emerging market

Young consumers represent a powerful engine in the development of environmentally conscious population as well as a promising market for green products. Marketers and organizations are therefore increasingly developing strategic marketing campaigns and environmental education programmes that target the young consumer segment. This study aims to examine a number of rational, moral, emotional and self-identity factors that may facilitate or impede green purchase behaviour among young consumers in an emerging market, Vietnam. A paper-based survey was employed to collect data from university students, which yielded an effective sample of 289 respondents. Multivariate statistics revealed that most factors (i.e. knowledge, attitudes, personal norms, self-identity and perceived barriers) significantly affected consumer purchase of energy efficient appliances, except for subjective social norms and warm glow. From these findings, implications for marketers, policy-makers and other stakeholders engaged in promoting green products are discussed.

Innovating green products as a mean to alleviate poverty in Upper Egypt

Abstract Beginning from August 2010, EGYCOM decided to devote its efforts to combat poverty in Upper Egypt. Based on the UN Human Development report for Egypt, EGYCOM found that 762 of the poorest villages are in the governorates of Assuit, Sohag and Menya in Upper Egypt. Of those 44% are in Menya alone. Poverty has alarming consequences, one of which is migration of youth to big cities or abroad in search for regular wages and better life. A team of 22 members undertook additional research and developed a point system to evaluate the poorest 10 villages in Menya governorate, and the final result pointed to the village of Al Qayat. Palm trees were recognized as an abundant unutilized resource in the village. Many households owned palm trees, and they are an important economic resource for the villagers. In addition, villagers possess a rich cultural and technical heritage, being an accumulation of centuries of their interaction with local resources for the satisfaction of their basis needs. Yet, the drastic change of life style in the village has decreased the need of palm secondary products. This, in turn, has led to the neglect of regular pruning of palm, which has resulted in the increase of danger of fire in palm gardens, as well as the infestation by the red palm weevil threatening the life of the palm. Here innovation has emerged as a necessity to rediscover those neglected palm secondary products with the purposed of alleviating poverty in the villages. New techniques and machinery have been innovated to suit the conditions of work in the village. A wide array of techniques and machining have been innovated for the transformation of palm midribs into strips and mats of regular dimensions to be used as a substitute for imported wood. In order to reach the market, it was necessary to close the loop of innovation. Here the intervention of designers was crucial. Four renounced designers have joined our endeavors by designing new marketable products from palm midrib mats using the uniqueness of palm midrib texture-in comparison with wood- as a competitive advantage. The joint synergetic interaction between the project team responsible for technology development and machine design, on one hand, and the creative product designers, on the other hand, has resulted in successful participation in international furniture and building materials exhibitions paving the route for marketing of palm midrib green products in the local and international markets.