Green Pod Yield Research Articles

Evaluation of Bush Type French Bean Varieties through Organic Farming in South Chhotanagpur Plateau of Eastern India

Background: French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important protein-rich winter vegetable of our country but extensively grown in south Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand during both kharif and rabi seasons. However, indiscriminate uses of agrochemicals lead to production of poor quality pods of the crop due to residual toxicity. Hence, the current study was aimed to evaluate of the crop varieties based on their yield and quality traits expression under organic growing condition.Methods: The present investigation was carried out by adopting five bush type varieties of French bean (V1: Arka Komal, V2: Swarna Priya, V3: HAFB-2, V4: HAFB-4 and V5: Falcon). They were grown independently under two growing conditions viz. organic farming (Oi) where FYM, vermicompost and Shasyagavya were used as organic inputs and absolute control (O0) where no organic input was applied. These varieties were grown with their four replications in each of the experimental situate following RCBD experimental design. Different yield and its attributes and proximate quality traits were studied under both growing conditions for their evaluation.Result: Findings revealed that most of the studied traits were influenced by organic growing condition with significant differences among varieties to pod length, pods per plant, pod weight, green pod yield, ascorbic acid, TSS and protein content. Consequently, the maximum green pod yield (17.55 t ha-1) was estimated in HAFB-4 under organic growing condition as against 7.57 t ha-1 under the absolute control condition. Different proximate quality traits were also expressed independently under different varietal situates but responded better under organic growing condition than its respective absolute control counterpart.

Influence of Sulphur and Boron on Growth and Yield of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from October, 2018 to March, 2019 to study the influence of sulphur and boron on growth and yield of garden pea. The experiment comprised of two factors. Factor A: Levels of Sulphur (4 levels); S0: 0 kg S/ha (Control), S1: 10 kg S/ha, S2: 20 kg S/ha, S3: 30 kg S/ha and Factor B: Levels of Boron (4 levels); B0: 0 kg B/ha (Control), B1: 1 kg B/ha, B2: 2 kg B/ha, B3: 3 kg B/ha. This experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Blocked Design (RCBD) with three replications. Sulphur and Boron application influenced significantly on most of the parameters. In case of sulphur, maximum plant height (50.84 cm), number of pods per plant (14.00), pod length (8.95 cm), number of seeds per pod (5.56) and green pod yield (10.76 t/ha) were recorded from S3 treatment. In case of boron application, maximum plant height (49.17 cm), number of pods per plant (13.48), pod length (8.66 cm), number of seeds per pod (5.41) and green pod yield (10.14 t/ha) were found in B2 treatment. Among the treatment combination, S3B2 treatment gave the highest green pod yield (12.19 t/ha) and the lowest (5.38 t/ha) was obtained from S0B0 treatment. So, garden pea sown at 30 kg S/ha with 2 kg B/ha for suitable green pea production in Dhaka region.

Genetic Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Dolichos Bean (Lablab Purpureus L.) Genotypes

The present study was aimed to carry out correlation and path analysis in Dolichos Bean (Lablab Purpureus L.) Genotypes . The field experiment was carried out using twenty-six genotypes of field bean in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Biometrical observations were recorded on days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pod/plant, grain yield (g) and green pod yield (g). Among the various polygenic characters, yield is a complex character and it depends on several yield attributing characters. Hence, the knowledge of association between yield and its component traits is needed, which forms the basis for selection. Partitioning of total correlation into direct and indirect effects by path coefficient analysis helps gain information on the relative status of the plant characters, making the selection more effective. At both phenotypic and genotypic levels, green pod yield recorded moderately significant and positive correlation with plant height and number of branches/plant and the traits viz., number of pod/plant and grain yield (g) exhibited an extremely significant and positive correlation with green pod yield. Days to maturity showed the first maximum positive direct effect (3.986) on green pod yield, followed by number of pod/plant (2.241) and number of branches/plant (0.143). Whereas the other characters viz., days to fifty percent flowering, plant height and grain yield recorded direct negative effect on green pod yield. The results indicated that the characters viz., days to maturity, number of branches/plant, number of pod/plant and green pod yield were the most desirable yield contributing characters. Their contribution to grain yield and green pod yield is in positive direction via direct effect. Hence, selection based on these characters would be rewarding for improving grain yield and green pod yield in Dolichos bean.

Dual-Purpose Cultivation as an Agro-Economic Approach for Farmers. A Case Study of Beans

Different types of bean cultivars are cultivated by farmers worldwide, but some of these cultivars are capable of dual-purpose cultivation with the aim of simultaneously harvesting dry grains and green pods in one growing season. So, in order to assess the possibility of dual-purpose cultivation of beans, determine the yield of green pods, dry grain yield, product value and Marginal Gross Benefit, 9 lines were evaluated in a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 and 2017 in the seed and plant improvement institute, Karaj, Iran. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the lines for the studied traits. In dual-purpose cultivation of beans, line KS940144 had the highest yield (6983 kg ha-1) and value (2444 US$) of green pods. Line KS920159 had the highest yield (2068 kg ha-1) and value (2440 US$) of dry grains. In view point of the value of the product (green pods and dry grains), although the Dorsa cultivar showed the highest yield and value than dual-purpose cultivation of lines, but, because of climate change and high production risk for cultivating single-purpose cultivars, the dual-purpose cultivation of some of selected lines, for example KS940144 and KS10073 lines, could be have an appropriate income and sustainability for farmers.

Genetic divergence studies in forty genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.)

The field experiment was conducted under irrigated condition during Rabi 2018-19 at Department of Vegetable, Kalyanpur of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Forty genotypes/varieties of table pea (Pisum sativum var. Hortense L.) were evaluated in an experiment in the randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and 8 treatments. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants of each genotype and the average was worked out in each replication for the traits viz., Days to 50% flowering, Plant height (cm), Number of branches per plan, Number of pods per plant, Pod length (cm), Pod width (cm), Number of seeds per pod, Green Pod yield per plant (g). The forty genotypes were grouped into three cluster. Cluster-II was having highest no. of genotypes (20) and cluster-I was having 15 genotypes and cluster III having 5 genotypes. The genotypes falling in a cluster were not genetically divergent. Maximum inter cluster distance observed between cluster-I and cluster III followed by cluster I and cluster II, cluster II and III having minimum inter cluster distance. Maximum inter cluster distance indicates diversity among genotypes falling in those clusters.

Genetic diversity studies in Indian germplasm of pea (Pisum sativum L.) using morphological and microsatellite markers

Forty seven garden pea genotypes were characterized using thirty four pea specific microsatellite markers. Mean square values were highly significant for all the characters. Nearly 75% of the total variation was contributed by 3 traits viz. green pod yield per plant (43.18), plant height (20.91) and number of nodes per plant (10.27). 28 polymorphic SSR markers were used. Average PIC value was 0.55. NTSYS clustering based on UPGMA grouped the genotypes into two major groups I and II (dwarf and tall, respectively). The larger group consisted of 43 genotypes (subgroups I-VII) and smaller group had 3 genotypes (subgroup VIII). One genotype (PMR-19) separated from other genotypes. The dendrogram depicted overall similarity coefficient ranged from 0.59 to 0.89. The lowest genetic similarity (0.39) was observed between major group I and major group II. Maximum genetic similarity (0.89) was found between two pairs i.e. PB-89 and C-96 (first pair) and Angoori and GS-10 (second pair). Neighbor joining tree thus obtained highly corresponds to the clustering observed using NTSYS indicating that the analysis was reliable. The findings of the present study can be used to select diverse genotypes to be used as parents of crosses aimed for breeding improved pea cultivars.

Performance of organically grown garden pea varieties in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of eastern India

Garden pea is one of the most popular winter vegetables in India and the south Chhotanagpur plateau of eastern India is well-known for its quality production. However, indiscriminate uses of different agrochemicals in the production cycle of the crop reduces its quality. Besides, the high cost concerning chemical farming is practically out of reach to the small and marginal farmers of the eastern Indian plateau. In this context, low-cost involving alternative approach of organic farming that has the potential to produce quality yield is gaining popularity. The experiment consisted of seven commonly cultivated garden pea varieties of the region, namely, V₁:GS-10, V₂: HAEP-1, V₃: HAEP-2, V₄: Swarna Mukti, V₅: Swarna Amar, V₆: Azad Pea-3 and V₇: Azad Pea-1 grown through the application of three organic liquid manures <i>viz. </i>T₁: <i>Shasyagavya</i> (10 %); T₂: <i>Sanjeevani</i> (10 %); T₃: <i>Enriched Sanjeevani </i>(10 %) and including control (T₄) where no liquid formulation was applied during <i>rabi </i>growing season of two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19) by adopting Factorial RBD experimental design. Different growth, yield, and quality attributing characters of the crop were studied and found to be significant under different treatments. Results revealed that V₅ is the best-performing variety in terms of green pod yield (19.55t ha^-1). However, when treatment and varietal interactions were taken into consideration, T₃V₆ was the best combination with green pod yield of 23.10 t ha^-1. Quality attributes like TSS, starch, protein and ascorbic acid content of green peas performed significantly better independently under different treatments than control. From the findings, it may be concluded that Swarna Amar and Azad Pea-3 were highly responsive to organic liquid manure especially ‘<i>Enriched Sanjeevani’</i> in terms of their growth, yield and quality traits expressions in the south Chhotanagpur plateau of eastern India.

Effect of granulated lime and bio-inoculants on the productivity of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under hilly zone of Karnataka

A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Chikamagalur district, Karnataka to investigate the effect of granulated lime and bio-inoculants on the productivity of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under the hilly zone of Karnataka during late rabi season 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of granulated lime at three levels (100, 75 and 50 % LR) and agriculture lime at 100 % LR, with and without bio-inoculants. RDF and FYM were common to all treatments. The liming materials were applied based on SMP (Shoemaker, Mclean and Pratt) buffer method. The results revealed that significantly higher plant height (51.1 cm), number of branches (6.88 plant-1), number of leaves (26.42 plant-1), chlorophyll content (49.64 SPAD) and dry matter accumulation (19.34 g plant-1), pod number (21.43 plant-1), pod length (15.67 cm), pod weight (177.17 g plant-1), green pod yield (12.93 t ha-1) and stover yield (2.93 t ha-1) over control.

Association analysis of morpho-physiological traits in vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

Vegetables play a vital role in health and nutritional security of human beings. Cowpea is an annual herbaceouslegume mostly grown in arid to semiarid parts, providing rich source of nutrition in diet. The genetics of traits and their relativeness in productivity was determined by studying thirteen morpho-physiological traits during summer 2018 at Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat. Sufficient genetic variability for green pod yield and its attributes was observed among twelve advanced lines and cultivars. Maximum positive correlation depicted by pod yield per plant with harvest index followed by chlorophyll content, plant height and nitrogen content of pods at phenotypic level while, negative correlation was exerted with the number of leaves, primary branches, days to 50 per cent flowering and secondary branches. The path analysis depicted protein content of green pod having higher positive direct effect followed by harvest index and total dry weight whereas, nitrogen content of green pod had negative direct effect on green pod yield per plant followed by secondary branches, the number of leaves and nitrogen content in plant part.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Growth and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Fiji

Background: French bean is used both as dry seeds or as green pod vegetable and it is in increasing demand throughout Fiji. Limited agronomical information is available for its cultivation which is one of the barriers in increasing its production in country. This research aimed to study the influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Fiji. Methods: This research was conducted during April to September 2018 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Observations on growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance technique. Result: Organic and inorganic fertilizers combinations significantly increase the growth and green pod yield of French bean. The applications of nutrient in combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers were found more effective than inorganic fertilizers or organic manure alone for growth and yield of French bean. The combination of 100% NPK (200 kg ha-1) along with Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 was found most effective for enhancing growth and yield. It was recorded that on the basis of yield and growth performance treatment 100% NPK along with PM @ 5 t ha-1 was superior.

Effect of Salicylic Acid and Foliar Spraying with some Microelements on Seed Yield and Quality of some Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivars تأثیر حامض السلسلیک والرش ببعض العناصر الصغرى على المحصول الطازج والبذری والجودة لبعض أصناف البسلة

The present study was carried out under field conditions over two successive winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 on clay loam soil at the Experimental Farm at Shandaweel Agriculture Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this research was to investigate effects of salicylic acid application in combination with foliar spraying with different rates of some microelements (Iron, Zinc and Manganese) on green and seed yield of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. Under field conditions of this study, the interaction among Palmoral cv., 150 ppm of microelements and 300 ppm of salicylic acid concentrations produced the highest production of green pod yield (ton/fed.) and seed yield (kg/fed.) of pea. Furthermore, the application of interaction among Jaguar cv., 150 ppm of microelements and 300 ppm of salicylic acid concentrations gave the highest number of green pods per plant. The interaction among Master B cv., 150 ppm of microelements and 300 ppm of salicylic acid concentrations produced the tallest green pod (cm) and number of green seeds/green pod of pea over both experimental seasons. The highest values of the investigated yield and quality parameters were obtained by the interaction between 150 ppm of microelements and 300 ppm of salicylic acid in the first and second seasons. From results of this experiment, it could be concluded that application of adequate amounts of salicylic acid in combination with foliar application of microelements is one of the most important factors involved in improving yield and quality of pea plants and productivity.

Folic acid as a protective agent in snap bean plants under water deficit conditions

ABSTRACT The role of folic acid (FA) or its derivatives (folates) in plant responsiveness to drought stress is still unclear. Here we investigated the effect of foliar application of FA (50, 100 and, 150 µM/l) on snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under two levels of surface drip irrigation (100% and 70% of water requirements) in two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The results showed that deficit irrigation led to a significant decrease in plant growth, leaf relative water content (RWC) and cell membrane stability index (CMSI). These responses negatively affected green pod yield and quality indicators in terms of total soluble solids (TSS) and protein. Conversely, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, free amino acids (FAA), total soluble sugars, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX) and the fibres of green pods were significantly increased. The regression analysis revealed that all investigated osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes were negatively and significantly correlated with RWC in both seasons. Under deficit irrigation, plants treated with 150 µM FA had higher water use efficiency (WUE) by 29.2% and 16.6% over the FA-untreated plants in both seasons, respectively. The foliar application of 150 µM FA significantly improved most studied traits and could be recommended as a protective agent against deficit irrigation.

Collection and Conservation of Local Types of Moringa (Moringa oleifera (L.) Trees for Good Sources of Traditional Vegetable

With an objective to conserve the best local types for future generation and purpose of these trees protected from extinction due to national high ways road expansion by the government and local bodies. The collection was made in and around our college about 15 km radius found small tree uniformly good Moringa types are cultivating as kitchen garden tree in front and backside of the home where tribal areas of Tiruvannamalai district. Continues concentration of tagged trees for three years study related to growth habits, fruiting capacity, taste of fruits and market value of fruits, the green pod yield assessment was recorded from the marked trees. Among the tagged trees over three years study, the Vahavachanur 1. Perunduraipattu3, Michealpuram 5, Moongilduraipattu 1 and Vanapuram 3 trees qualities are better for rganoleptically culinary vegetable purpose and also Vzhavachanur1 tree found offseason bearing than other areas trees inclusing selected trees.

English

This study was undertaken to evaluate the extent and pattern of genetic diversity for immature pod traits in Ethiopia cowpea landrace collections. Eighty one landraces and improved cultivars were tested in a 9 x 9 simple lattice design. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P<0.01) or significant (p<0.05) differences among the genotypes for all traits. The first four principal components were able to explain 81% of variation for quantitative traits and 76% for qualitative traits. The genotypes were grouped into three distinct clusters, the first, second and third clusters with 60, 15 and 25% of the genotypes in that order. The landraces were distributed all over the clusters while the improved cultivars were absent in the second cluster. Shannon-Weaver diversity indices also showed existence of adequate genetic variability among the genotypes for qualitative traits. Shannon-Weaver diversity indices ranged from the lowest of 0.50 for pod curvature to the highest of 0.99 for pod shape. The study clearly showed that, even if the genotypes were classified into a few cluster, there was adequate divergence among the clusters showing existence of considerable genetic variability for immature pod traits for exploitation in future breeding for better green pod yield and quality in cowpea. Key words: Cowpea, diversity, genotypes, immature pod, qualitative traits, quantitative trait.

English

Understanding the genetic variability and diversity of crops is the basis for breeding and improving of crops. Sixty four Ethiopian hot pepper genotypes were evaluated in 8&times;8 simple lattice design for genetic variability in green fruit yield and yield related traits at Axum Agricultural Research Center during 2018/2019 under irrigation. Data were collected on green pod yield and yield related characters. The analysis of variance showed significant amount of variations among genotypes in their mean performances of studied traits. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for average fruit weight (145.03, 97.11), fruit length (97.43,98.62), number of fruits per plant (78.54,95.78), number of branches per plant (77.65, 98.64), green pod yield per plant (74.26,99.80) and fruit pericarp thickness (63.61,97.76), respectively. This indicates that these traits are predominantly governed by additive gene action. From correlation study fruit yield per plant exhibited highly significant positive association with average fruit weight (0.72, 0.71), fruit length (0.69, 0.68) and fruit diameter (0.61, 0.60)) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, respectively. Fruit length had the highest direct effect (0.46) on fruit yield per plant, followed by average fruit weight (0.36). In general, result of this study indicated that average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit pericarp thickness showed high heritability, genetic advance, positive correlation and high positive direct effects. Hence, these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for hot pepper yield improvement program. Key words: GCV, genetic advance, heritability, PCV, pod yield, variability. &nbsp

Study of genetic variability and heritability in Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.)

The investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during late Kharif 2017-18 in Randomized Block Design with three replications to assess genetic variability in Indian bean comprised of 36 genotypes and 4 check varieties. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the twelve characters. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for the number of primary branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, pod length, 10- green pod weight, green pod yield per plant and length of twig.

Response of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) to different depths of tillage and spraying with yeast extract

Field experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2017–18 in Basra governorate to study the effect of three tillage depth “TD” (30, 40 and 50 cm), and spraying with three activated yeast extract “AYE” concentrations (zero, 4 and 8 g/l) on growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) var. loz de onito. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot arranged with randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that TD of 50 cm led to an increase in plant height, number of branches in plant, also led to a significant increase in the number of pods and number of seeds in pod by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the TD of 30 cm, also held green pods yield of 327.2 g/plant at TD of 30 cm increased to 547.5 g/plant at 50 cm depth. Spraying AYE at 8 g/l resulted in a significant increase for all traits that have been studied, among these traits number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod by 16 and 22%, respectively, compared to control. The interaction gave a significant increase for plant height and green pods yield per plant, so the TD at 50 cm and 8 g/l AYE gave the highest values.

Effects of Potassium on the Growth, Yield and Physico-chemical Properties of Three Garden Pea (Pisum sativum) Varieties

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during November 2015 to March 2016 to find out the effects of potassium on the growth, yield and physico-chemical properties of three garden pea (Pisum sativum) varieties. The experiment comprise three Garden pea varieties viz. V1 = IPSA Motorshuti-3, V2 = Broad Bean Master Piece and V3 = BARI Motorshuti-1 and four levels of potassium viz. K0 (Control), K1 (25 kg ha-1), K2 (50 kg ha-1) and K3 and (75 kg ha-1), respectively. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment reviled that K nutrition and genotypic variation significantly (p &lt; 0.05) determined the yield of the garden pea. Different levels of potassium had significant influences on almost all the parameters studied these three varieties. Maximum plant height (166.67 cm), branches plant-1 (7.00), pods plant-1 (39.00), sugar content (15.40%) was obtained from V1K2 (IPSA Motorshuti-3 with 50 kg K2O ha-1) treatment. Whereas highest pod length (8.533 cm), pod breadth (9.47 mm), number of seeds pod-1 (8.67), green seed weight (305.00 g), Magnesium content, (0.29%) was obtained under the treatment V2K2 (Broad Bean Masterpiece with 50 kg K2O ha-1). The maximum green pod yield (12.78 t ha-1), calcium content (0. 20%), vitamin- A (1.03 mg/kg), was obtained from V3K2 (BARI Motorshuti -1 with 50 kg K2O ha-1).

Stability of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes under diverse environments

The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain stable genotypes across six environments. Twenty five genotypes of French bean were evaluated for yield and quality traits in three different locations of Punjab during 2017–18. The stability of genotypes was worked out by using Eberhart and Russel (1966) and GGE biplot models. Highly significant mean squares for environments and genotype × environment interaction were recorded for all the traits except for protein content. The linear component of genotype × environment interaction was significant for all the characters under study. The highest green pod yield per plant was observed in genotype Arka Suvidha followed by Arka Anoop, Falguni, Arka Sharath and FB-3-16 which produced significantly more green pod yield than check Contender. Genotype FB VAR-5 was identified suitable for favorable environments and genotypes Arka Sharath, Arka Suvidha, Falguni, FB 2-16 and Swarna Priya were found promising for unfavorable environments. The genotype Arka Anoop was stable in all environments. In terms of environments KVK, Sangrur 2017 was more informative. The dry matter of genotype Contender was high while genotypes Arka Suvidha, Arka Anoop and Falguni produced highest protein content. All the environments were positively correlated for yield traits, which meant that same information about the genotypes could be obtained from fewer test environments, and hence depicting the potential to reduce testing cost by dropping one of them.

Evalution of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L. var. typicus) seeds’ inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth, yield and nutritional quality

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur) during kharif season 2016-2017. The experiment consisting four plant growth promoting bacteria like viz. P0 (control), P1 (Rhizobium phaseoli), P2 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and P3 (Rhizobium phaseoli + Pseudomonas fluorescens) with three replications. The seeds of Indian bean inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli + Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly increased the plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation, CGR at 45-60 and 60-75 days after sowing, chlorophyll content in leaves, leaf area, number of green pods per plant, average pod weight (g), green pod length (cm), number of pickings per plant, green pod yield per plant, green pod yield per plot, green pod yield (74.28 q/ha), protein content, net returns (₹ 67875/ha) and B:C ratio (2.56) than control (no inoculation) as compared to control. Whereas, crude fibre content was recorded minimum in treatment inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli + Pseudomonas fluorescens.