Green Pearl Research Articles

Assessment of soil mulching field management, and deficit irrigation effect on productivity of watermelon varieties, and AquaCrop model validation

Watermelon productivity in the Arba Minch irrigation scheme has been hampered by water scarcity, with only the Lady Bells watermelon variety being cultivated in the area. This challenge can be mitigated by adopting water-saving irrigation techniques and selecting water stress-resistant varieties. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the combined impact of soil mulching and deficit irrigation on the productivity of various watermelon varieties and validate the AquaCrop model. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with two levels of water application (100 % SMD and 50 % SMD), two mulching practices (non-mulching and mulching), and four watermelon varieties: Lady Bells (V1), Green Pearl (V2), Kaolack (V3), and Koloss (V4). Soil physical properties and crop-related data were used to calibrate the AquaCrop model. Straw mulching, on average, conserved 64.50 mm and 262.75 mm of water under 100 % and 50 % water application levels, respectively. The minimum and maximum land productivity averages were 6.2 tonsha−1 (T13) and 17.6 tonsha−1 (T2), while water productivity ranged from 5.2 kgm−3 (T1) to 12.4 kgm−3 (T10). Lady Bell watermelon varieties displayed high sensitivity to water stress, with a 1.27 yield response factor under non-soil mulching treatment with 50 % water application. The mean benefit-cost ratio varied from 1.52 (T13) to 2.90 (T10). The average values of RMSE, NSE, and R2 for the AquaCrop model were 0.70, 0.65, and 0.80, respectively, indicating the model's acceptability in predicting the effects of mulching and deficit irrigation on watermelon productivity. Overall, the use of straw mulching combined with 50 % deficit irrigation, particularly for Green Pearl varieties, emerged as the most productive watermelon cultivation method in the Arba Minch region when facing limited irrigation water. Future research will focus on assessing the impact of deficit irrigation during various watermelon growth stages.

Stabilities of Some Local Pea Lines

This study was conducted to determine the stabilities and adaptation classes of edible pea lines, which will be cultivated in mild climate regions. Twenty local pea lines selected in previous breeding studies and 6 control varieties were used. The seeds of pea lines were sowed in 4 different locations in 2 sowing times. The experiment was conducted according to the Augmented design. Adaptation classes and stabilities of pea lines and varieties were determined based on fresh pod yield, fresh seed yield and dry seed yield. The mean of fresh pod yield was found as 1185.7 kg da-1. Stable variety was not determined in terms of fresh pod yield among control varieties, which was conducted in the conclusion of evaluation as determining regression coefficient and average reliability. The average of varieties’ fresh seed yield was 693.8 kg da-1, Klein variety showed medium adaptation for all regions. It was found that 3 lines (B15, B33, and B36) among used ones were placed at the same statistically group with this variety. The average of dry seed yield was 267.1 kg da-1 in the experiment, and Klein, Further, Green Pearl, and Lancet varieties were identified as stable varieties in the conclusion of stability analysis. B6, B13, B14, B15, B16, B17, B18, B32, B40 and B42 lines that involved in the same statistically group with these varieties identified were as stable. In the conclusion of the overall evaluation of the experiment, it was found that B6 and B32 lines could be candidates for variety.

Influence of Seed Priming with Nano Iron Oxide on Germination and Seedling Growth of Mungbean

Mungbean is one of the important grain legumes and considered as ‘Green Pearl’ due to its nutritional significance. It is an excellent source of proteins and micronutrients and readily accessible to low income groups in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia. However, poor nutritional status of the soils in these regions limits the productivity and grain nutritional properties of mungbean. Seed priming with nutrient solutions was identified as viable and cost effective alternative to increase the crop productivity and grain nutritional properties and hence, an in-vitro experiment was conducted for optimizing the concentration of nano iron oxide (FeO) for seed priming in mungbean at Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh during 2018. Different concentrations of nano iron oxide were tested in completely randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that, the nano iron oxide 50 ppm was found effective in increasing the germination percent, shoot length, root length, seedling vigour index and speed of germination of mungbean and has been considered as an optimum concentration for seed priming in mungbean.

Seeds of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek): Taxonomy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology

Background: Seeds of Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek) have been recognized as a 'Green pearl' of Asian cuisine due to abundance of dietary fibres, protein, minerals,vitamins and wide variety of bioactive agents. Methods: Literature has been collected through SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and a library. This review shares updated information on the botany, distribution, health benefits, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Mung bean seeds. Results: Bioactive components of mung bean seeds exhibited a wide array of activities such as anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, treatment of alcoholism, reducing obesity, increasing muscular strength, rheumatism, piles, liver and neurological diseases. This curative potential highlighted its various beneficial outcomes in the field of drug research and increasing scientific interest in the identification of bioactive compounds responsible for various pharmacological activities. This legume is gaining importance for its use in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic products. Conclusion: Existing literature authenticates the potential benefits of mung bean seeds from nutritional as well as medicinal perspective. This food grain needs to be explored for identification, isolation, and characterization of bioactive compounds against varied ailments.

Assessment of genetic diversity in advanced breeding lines derived from intraspecific crosses of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)

An intraspecific hybrid breeding program involving six crosses, Palam Sumool (PS) × Palam Priya, PS × Pb-89, PS × Azad P-1, PS × Palam Triloki and VRPMR10 × Sugar Giant, Green Pearl × DPP-9411 was initiated in 2006 onwards followed by pedigree selection, resulted in isolation of 45 genotypes with desirable attributes. These progenies along with five recommended varieties were evaluated during 2014-15 to assess degree of divergence. A considerable genetic diversity was observed among genotypes, dispersed in 18 diverse clusters. Of these, 17 were monogenotypic while cluster I had maximum genotypes. Internodal length contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence followed by nodes per plant, protein content and average pod weight. Superior performing genotypes viz., ‘DPP-2011-SP-7’, ‘DPP-2011-SP-17’, and ‘DPP-2011-SP-24’ from cluster I and ‘DPP-2011-SP-6’, ‘DPP-2011-SP-22’ ‘DPPMR-09-1’, ‘DPPMR-09-2’, ‘DPP-2011-SN-5’ and ‘Palam Triloki’ from monogenotypic clusters offer promise for their direct use as varieties and as potential parents in future breeding programmes.

Analysis of Cash Buying and Murabahah Financing (Case Study on Green Mutiara Housing Tambaksogra PT Graha Perwira Pratama, Kembaran Sub-District, Banyumas Regency)

The results of research conducted that in the process of purchasing cash housing Mutiara Hijau Tambaksogra At PT. Graha Perwira Pratama there are two that is credit and cash, home purchase in cash applied by PT. Graha Perwira Pratama branch of Housing Mutiara Hijau Tambaksogra Kembaran Sub-district of Banyumas Regency, there are two ways, namely: hard cash and gradually, while crediting in the application of payment with credit in green pearl housing Tambaksogra involves the bank through mortgage loan program and Financing Murabaha in Sharia Bank. In the murabaha method, the bank pays the home repayment to the developer. Comparison Purchase home in cash cheaper price, easier process, no administrative fees, free from the rules and more secure, while home purchase on credit does not need to save large amounts to buy a house, enough money to pay the down payment only and the greater the down payment or the longer the repayment period, the installment will become cheaper.

ІСТОРІЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИРОДНОЇ ТА КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ У ТУРИЗМІ

The article analyzes the history and prospects of using the natural and historical-cultural heritage of the Ukrainian Carpathians region (Transcarpathia, Galicia) in the domestic tourism industry. The author concluded that the rich tourist and recreational potential located in the Carpathian region and geographically encompassing Lviv, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions, in conjunction with the tourism infrastructure based on natural mineral water sources, scenic landscapes and historical and cultural monuments, has all the grounds for the development of tourism industry in the country. In the article general scientific and special scientific methods of research are used: the analysis method, synthesis, dialectical method, historicism method, historical-chronological method, etc. In particular, when writing a paper, the author preferred to use historical methods.Carpathian Mountains are considered to be the Green Pearl of Ukraine. It is one of the most popular resorts and tourist centers of the country. A beautiful mix of natural areas, forests, meadows, shepherds and humans living in harmony with nature is what makes the mountains so atractive to tourists. An original nature of territory, beauty of its Alpine meadows and woods, rough rivers and mountain lakes, soft climate, curative mineral sources, the historical and architectural monuments can attract everyone to themselves. Thousands of tourists and people who like travels and adventures come here. The Ukrainian Carpathians are relatively gentle peaks that rise as high as 2061 m (Mt. Hoverla). The largest resorts are located in Slavsko, Bukovel, Tysovets, and Dragobrat. Some of the smaller resorts are in Krasiya, Dolyna, Beskid, Polyana, Synevir, Yaremche, Verkhovnya, Kosiv, and Yavoriv.Movable borders between countries and empires have been running through the region for millennia. Therefore, every historic period left its mark on the cultural tradition and the appearance of cities. In the 12th century a powerful state, the Galicia-Volyn principality, often mentioned in ancient European chronicles times, was formed here.The principality was fighting for its territories with Poland, Hungary and Tatars-Mongols. The papal legate crowned the prince Danylo and later his grandson Yuri. Danylo’s son Roman was married to a daughter of the Austrian duke from the Bubenbergs dynasty and even had pretensions on the Austrian throne. But the attempt was not successful and after that the Habsburg Dynasty strengthened its’ position in Austria. During the reign of the Habsburgs monarchy, the largest cities of the area among which are Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Uzhgorod, Chernivtsi and many others took on the look of typical European cities.The Carpathian region managed to preserve a great number of defense constructions and palaces witnessing a great deal of historical upheavals. Here you can visit numerous castles from the 11th-17th centuries, which in different eras were owned by Polish, Austro-Hungarians, Lithuanians and Russians. Since some of the castles are associated with the life of several Polish magnates, we offer you to have a trip to the Middle Ages during your stay in the Ukrainian Carpathians.

普洱市生物多样性现状及保护

我国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的12个国家之一。普洱作为北回归线上的“绿海明珠”，其生物多样性在全省乃至全国都有重要的保护地位，是中国生物多样性保护的重点地区。本文对普洱市生物多样性现状、特点及保护措施进行了阐述。 China is the one of 12 countries with the highest biodiversity, and as a “green pearl” on the Tropic of Cancer in Yunnan, China, Pu’er is selected as a key conservation area because of its important biodiversity status in Yunnan and even in China. This paper summarizes the situation of biodiversity, characteristics and protective measures for Pu’er city.

Is pearl colour produced fromPinctada margaritiferapredictable through shell phenotypes and rearing environments selections?

The black-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed mollusc species in French Polynesia. Donor oyster selection among wild P. margaritifera individuals, chosen according to their inner shell colour, makes it possible to obtain the broadest range of cultured pearl colours of any species. This study demonstrates the relative influence of using black [B] or red [R] outer shell phenotypes, combined with green [G] or yellow [Y] inner shell phenotypes, on pearl darkness level, colour categories and lustre. A large scale grafting experiment was designed and carried out over five grow-out locations, covering three archipelagos: Tuamotus, Society and Gambier. Results revealed that the [B + G] phenotypes may be used as donors to produce dark green pearl, which suit the demands of the Asian market; whereas, phenotypes incorporating [R] and/or [Y] phenotypes may be used to obtain multicolour pearls of medium/light darkness, which suit the demands of the European market. From an environmental point of view, the 1) [B] phenotype showed no significant variation for light and other pearl colour production, and 2) [Y] phenotype produced both the same rate of pearl darkness level and green colour pearls whatever the grow-out location. A classification tree model was built to predict, according to shell phenotype and culture location, the colour and darkness level of harvested pearls. Lustre was shown to be more influenced by the environment than by phenotype. These results should be taken into account in pearl farm production management and in selective breeding programmes.

Development of powdery mildew resistant genotypes in garden pea (Pisum sativumL.) through generation mean analysis approach

Generation means analysis (GMA) approach was followed to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene action in garden pea. Two powdery mildew susceptible lines Palam Priya and Green Pearl and three resistant genotypes, Sugar Giant, VRPMR-10 and DPP 9411 were used in crossing. The presence of additive gene action for the inheritance of pod yield and related traits in crosses Palam Priya x Sugar Giant and VRPMR-10 x Sugar Giant, suggested success of selections in the early generations for obtaining transgressive segregants. Positive additive gene effects for powdery mildew incidence suggested to defer selection to the later generations in both the crosses. The selection intensity was kept in mild in the earlier and intense in the later generations in cross Green Pearl x DPP-9411 which had duplicate type of epistasis for pod yield and other traits. Five fixed lines (F8, BCF7) were retrieved from these three crosses with resistance to powdery mildew disease. Of these, line ‘DPPMR-09-9’ and ‘DPPMR-09-2’ were superior for pod yield.

Generation mean analysis to estimate genetic parameters for desirable horticultural traits in garden pea (Pisum sativum)

Generation means analysis was carried out to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene action in order to formulate breeding strategy for identifying the segregants with desirable horticultural traits and resistance to powdery mildew disease. Two commercially grown powdery mildew susceptible varieties Azad P-I and Green Pearl and three resistant lines DPP 9411, DPP 9418-06 and Sugar Giant were used to develop three crosses, viz. Green Pearl × Sugar Giant, DPP 9411 × DPP 9418-06, and Azad P-I × Sugar Giant to achieve the objectives. The presence of epistatic interaction for majority of the traits in all three crosses was observed as reflected by the significance of simple additive-dominance model. The results revealed that the nature and magnitude of gene effects differed in different crosses and showed the importance of additive as well as non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of different characters with preponderance of the latter. In view of the parallel role of additive and non-additive gene effects, selection in the segregating generations should be delayed to later generations to diminish the dominance gene effects. Duplicate type of epistasis was also found for some of the traits in certain cross combinations whose effect can be eliminated by following sophisticated selection procedure such as reciprocal recurrent selection and/or biparental mating in early segregating generations for the development of high- yielding garden pea varieties with desirable horticultural traits.

Whatever Happened To Red?

Last week, I had the pleasure—or misfortune, depending on your view—of having to replace two cars. Both of them had served me long and well—nearly 110,000 miles in one case, 157,000 miles in the other—and both of them had chosen the same weekend to simply give up the road race. They died at virtually the same moment. Indeed, over the years I have found that, like matched socks that mysteriously become separated and disappear in the clothes dryer, cars housed together in the same garage have a tendency to give their owners heartaches simultaneously. I soon found myself bereft and bewildered at the car dealership. Exotically named colors swirled before me as I gazed first at the elaborate car brochures and then at the endless rows of new autos. Heather mist metallic. Inza red pearl. Cyclone blue metallic. Eucalyptus green pearl. Frost white. Flamenco black pearl. Vogue silver metallic. Dark amethyst pearl. Milano red. Sherwood ...