Green Panel Research Articles

Detection of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Crowns in the Southern United States: Comparing Panel Trap Color, Placement, and Lure

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an invasive forest pest that is causing a rapid decline in ash (Fraxinus spp.). As EABs spread across North America to 35 U.S. states and 5 Canadian provinces, detection of the pest has proven difficult, especially at low population density sites. Panel traps have been commonly used in detection and monitoring of EAB populations. Over two sampling periods from 2016 through 2019, adult catches and detection rates were compared among four combinations of panel trap color, lure, and crown placement in southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana, and eastern Texas. The four combinations were as follows: (1) dark purple baited with (Z)-3-hexenol alone in the mid–upper crown; (2) light green with (Z)-3-hexenol plus (3Z)-lactone in the mid–upper crown; (3) dark purple with (Z)-3-hexenol in the lower crown; and (4) dark purple with (Z)-3-hexenol plus (3Z)-lactone in the lower crown. Mid–upper tree crown placement, ~13 m, of panel traps were more effective for EAB detection and adult capture, especially of males. The sex pheromone (3Z)-lactone deterred females but attracted males, while (Z)-3-hexenol attracted females. The green panel trap with both lures and mid–upper crown placement did not drastically increase male catches, contrary to previous studies at low EAB densities. The use of (3Z)-lactone on dark purple traps at low crown placements, such as those used in the National Survey Program, is not recommended for EAB detection due to its repellent effect on EAB females.

SunHydrogen announces agreement with CTF Solar GmbH, global innovator of thin film solar cell modules, to accelerate production of green hydrogen panels

SunHydrogen announces agreement with CTF Solar GmbH, global innovator of thin film solar cell modules, to accelerate production of green hydrogen panels

PV Panel Model Parameter Estimation by Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Neural Network.

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are one of the popular green energy resources and PV panel parameter estimations are one of the popular research topics in PV panel technology. The PV panel parameters could be used for PV panel health monitoring and fault diagnosis. Recently, a PV panel parameters estimation method based in neural network and numerical current predictor methods has been developed. However, in order to further improve the estimation accuracies, a new approach of PV panel parameter estimation is proposed in this paper. The output current and voltage dynamic responses of a PV panel are measured, and the time series of the I-V vectors will be used as input to an artificial neural network (ANN)-based PV model parameter range classifier (MPRC). The MPRC is trained using an I-V dataset with large variations in PV model parameters. The results of MPRC are used to preset the initial particles' population for a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO algorithm is used to estimate the PV panel parameters and the results could be used for PV panel health monitoring and the derivation of maximum power point tracking (MMPT). Simulations results based on an experimental I-V dataset and an I-V dataset generated by simulation show that the proposed algorithms can achieve up to 3.5% accuracy and the speed of convergence was significantly improved as compared to a purely PSO approach.

Comparison of different trapping devices for the capture of <em>Bactrocera oleae</em> (Rossi) and other non-target insects in the Mediterranean basin

The present study aimed to compare some commercial traps baited with ammonium carbonate for their efficacy in monitoring Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and their selectivity toward beneficial insects, under the conditions of olive groves located in five Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Spain, Tunisia). The selectivity of the devices was evaluated toward several groups of non-target insects, namely lacewings (Chrysopidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae), ladybirds (Coccinellidae), bees (Apoidea) and hymenopteran parasitoids. The following devices were compared: yellow sticky panel, green sticky panel, Jackson trap with different combinations of yellow and white colours of the device and/or the panel, and McPhail trap. In most cases, the McPhail trap and the yellow panel showed the highest efficacy in monitoring male and female B. oleae flies; however, the yellow panel was most attractive for some groups of non-target insects, particularly the hymenopteran parasitoids, whereas the comparative non-target effects were sitespecific for the other arthropod groups. In the case of Chrysopidae, McPhail caught more individuals than the other traps in Italy and Spain, whereas in Lebanon and Greece, the highest number of individuals was captured in the two sticky panels. Coccinellidae were found in very low numbers only in Lebanon on yellow panels. Syrphidae were captured mainly on sticky panels in Greece and Tunisia. Apoidea were found only on yellow panels in Lebanon. The choice between the McPhail trap and the yellow panel should be made on the basis of various evaluations carried out at the site, including operational ones.

Green Panel with Physical Variables Monitoring and Statistical Control System

Global warming and energy‐saving efforts make it necessary to look for energy‐free technology to reduce buildings’ temperature. This work aims to develop a system for monitoring green panels’ physical variables (atmospheric temperature, humidity, soil humidity, amount of light, and vibration) to determine their efficiency. A model of a green panel was outfitted with detectors that recorded atmospheric variable modifications within and outside the green panel under evaluation. Open‐source code and hardware were used to record all variables and store the data. Once the monitoring system is completed, a green panel model is developed as concept proof for monitoring the physical variables; a database is created, studied, and tested using the formulated hypothesis. The variables were analyzed using current techniques of statistical description, and the results obtained support the idea underpinning the feasibility of implementing green panels in city houses and buildings. A substantial difference in temperature up to 12°C was found when using green walls and ceiling systems at the hottest times of the day. The humidity in the air is up to 88%, generating an atmosphere of comfort in buildings where these systems are installed.

Characterization of tannin extracted from Aningeria altissima bark and formulation of bioresins for the manufacture of Triumfetta cordifolia needle-punched nonwovens fiberboards: Novel green composite panels for sustainability

Characterization of tannin extracted from Aningeria altissima bark and formulation of bioresins for the manufacture of Triumfetta cordifolia needle-punched nonwovens fiberboards: Novel green composite panels for sustainability

Experimental analysis to assess the hydrological efficiency and the nutrient leaching behavior of a new green wall system

Green Walls represent a sustainable solution to mitigate the effects due to climate change and urbanization. However, although they have been widely investigated in different fields of science, studies on the potential of these systems to manage urban stormwater are still limited. Moreover, even if these systems provide multiple benefits, as other nature-based solutions, they leach nutrients due to growing media, decomposed vegetation, and the possibility of fertilizer use. In this regard, several studies have evaluated the nutrient concentrations in the runoff from green roofs, while studies that have analyzed the nutrient-leaching behavior of green walls are still missing. To cover these scientific gaps, this study presents experimental findings on the hydrological efficiency and nutrient-leaching behavior of an innovative modular living wall system. Some rainfall-runoff tests were carried out to assess the hydrological response of the new green wall system in retaining stormwater. To evaluate the concentration of the nutrients, the collected outflow was analyzed by spectrophotometer UV-visible. The findings show that the developed green wall panel presents good retention capacity by considering different simulated rainfalls and varying the initial soil moisture conditions. The results in terms of nutrient concentrations highlight that the vegetation life cycle and the fertilizer uses affected the quality of the water released from the green wall panel. The concentration of analyzed nutrients is affected by the simulated rainfall's hydrological characteristics and the days between the plantation phase and the test. However, the overall results show that the concentrations of each analyzed nutrient are low, except after the fertilizer use, highlighting that the choice of vegetation that does not need external nutrients should be preferred during the design of a green wall.

Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Sediments Effect on the Performance of Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Panels

Of the different renewable sources of energy, photovoltaic energy has one of the highest potentials. In recent decades, several technological and research advances have contributed to the consolidation of its potential. One current photovoltaic energy research topic is the analysis of the impact of sediments on the panels’ performance. The development of models to predict the performance of panels in the presence of sediments may allow for better decision-making when considering maintenance operations. This work contributed to the investigation of the influence of sand on the production of photovoltaic energy in cadmium telluride (CdTe) panels. Six panels of this type with different colors and transparencies were experimentally tested with and without the presence of sand. The impact of the sand on the cells’ performance was evaluated by analyzing the change in the 1M5P model’s parameters and in the power, efficiency, and fill factors. The experimental results show different negative impacts on the output power of the CdTe panels, from −14% in the orange panel to −36% in the green panel. Based on this study, the development of a model capable of predicting the effect of the sand on these panels was introduced. The developed model was validated experimentally, with a maximum deviation of 4.6%. These results can provide support for the decision-making around maintenance activities and for the development of new techniques to avoid sediment deposition on CdTe panels.

4‐1: Invited Paper: Industrializing MicroLED Microdisplays for AR Applications

We report on the progress of microLED microdisplay development at JBD. Mass production of 4.0 µm pixel pitch Red, Green and Blue monochrome panels have commenced, and engineering samples of 2.5 µm pitch panels are now available. The characteristics of the Red panels will be discussed and preliminary results for a 5.0 µm pitch single panel native color monolithic RGB technology shown.

Modeling the hygrothermal behavior of green walls in Comsol Multiphysics®: Validation against measurements in a climate chamber

Green walls (GW) can diminish building's surface temperature through shading, insulation, and evapotranspiration mechanisms. These can be analyzed by computer models that account for heat and mass transfer phenomena. However, most previous models were one-dimensional thermal simulations in which boundary conditions (BC), like convective moisture transport, were not or only partly considered. The present work proposes a more comprehensive way to predict GW's hygrothermal behavior by integrating a 3D multiphysics model that couples heat and moisture transport in Comsol Multiphysics®. The air cavity that usually separates the GW from the building was also considered. Heat sink terms were added to represent plants' transpiration and substrates' evaporation, considering the leaf area density (LAD) and substrate's water saturation (Sr). The model was validated against experiments where four green wall-test panels (GW-TPs) were evaluated in a climate chamber under steady-state conditions. This provides a much sounder approach for validation than what currently exists (r = 0.97; RMSE = 0.33 °C). The four GW-TPs decreased the masonry's surface temperature in the range of 0.89–1.14 °C (0.97 ± 0.11 SD °C). The average contribution of the evapotranspiration effect was 30%, whereas the contribution of the air cavity was 60.7 ± 0.09%. The temperature at the substrate's rear was reduced on average by 0.57 ± 0.15 SD °C. When solar radiation was considered as a BC, the GW-TPs decreased the building's surface temperature by 10 °C. Lastly, high values of LAD and Sr translated into increased temperature reduction values.

Determination of possible microRNA-markers of cobalt abuse by real-time qPCR using hypoxia signaling pathway panels

Objectives. Cobalt mimics the state of hypoxia to prevent degradation of the alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor, resulting in an increase in blood oxygen capacity and endurance. Athletes can use this property to gain competitive advantage. Nowadays, direct methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are used to determine total cobalt levels in the body. However, the World Anti-Doping Agency is yet to establish a maximum allowable threshold concentration of this element in biofluids. The lack of clear identification criteria complicates the interpretation of the obtained results for the purposes of doping control. In this regard, the present work proposes a new approach for the indirect determination of possible cobalt abuse based on changes in the expression levels of miRNAs involved in the regulation of hypoxia signaling pathways. Here, the aim is to identify possible microRNA markers whose expression does not depend on exercise-induced hypoxia, but changes markedly when taking cobalt preparations.Methods. MicroRNA isolation was performed from blood plasma samples using the PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on CFX96 Bio-Rad (USA) analyzer using miScript® SYBR® Green PCR Kits and panels for studying the expression profiles of mature microRNAs of the hypoxia signaling pathway miScript® miRNA PCR Array.Results. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, it was found that the expression of hsa-miR-15b-5p in the blood plasma of the subjects does not depend on physical activity, but increases when taking cobalt preparations.Conclusions. The difference in expression levels during anaerobic exercise-induced hypoxia and cobalt-induced hypoxia makes hsa-miR-15b-5p a potential candidate to be a marker of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent abuse.

Evaluation of the physical properties of composite panels with eucalyptus sawdust waste and castor oil-based polyurethane

Evaluation of the physical properties of composite panels with eucalyptus sawdust waste and castor oil-based polyurethane

Using Active Green Wall Systems for both Saving Energy and Improving Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms

University classrooms in Thailand normally use air conditioners to enhance thermal comfort for building occupants. Classrooms with many students are often found to exceed standard concentration levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). This research aims to study the benefits of active green wall systems in two aspects. They are energy consumption and the ability to reduce CO2 of plants. The green walls in this research are divided into two systems, which are active green wall (AGW) and passive green wall (PGW). The experiments took place in an air-conditioned classroom with ten occupants. The room temperature was set at 25 °C for all experiments. The data collected for all experiments are CO2, temperature, and energy consumption. The results showed that two active green wall panels with a single plant of Epipremnum aureum is the optimal model for improving air quality in classrooms, when compared to other experiments. It can reduce the CO2 concentration by 35% and use less energy than the no green wall experiment at 26%.

The use of green constructions as a means of reducing the noise pollution

The main problems of a modern world are increased energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, urban runoff, and the urban heat island effect.They caused by buildings. Another urgent issue – noise pollution. These problems negatively affects human physical and psychological health. The soliton of the problems is a green construction. The article provide the analysis of the modern green wall technologies, a detailed look at the different vertical greening systems, their benefits and disadvantages, and how each of these systems reduce noise. The result revealed that there is no universal gardening system, it should be selected individually. In terms of noise reduction, hydroponic systems with green wall panels are the most noise-reducing systems. We evaluate the indicators of the effectiveness of green wall systems and select the rational solutions for integrated greening systems of buildings, compare existing technological solutions with innovative solution, patented by the authors. The result is presented by the development of technology with modular green systems, which will expand the practice of technological design, experimental construction and renovation of buildings, to improve the quality of the urban environment through rational construction and technological solutions and appropriate work methods.

Green Technology Transfer, Environmental Regulation, and Regional Green Development Chasm: Based on the Empirical Evidence from Yangtze River Delta.

In the face of achieving the overall goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality, strengthening green technology transfer and environmental regulation is the key to narrowing the green technology gap and green development chasm between regions. This paper integrates green technology transfer, environmental regulation, and the green development chasm into one model, and analyzes the mechanism by which green technology transfer and environmental regulation impact the green development chasm. An empirical test was conducted by employing green technology transfer patent and panel data of the Yangtze River Delta from 2005-2019. The results are as follows: (1) Although the green development chasm still exists in the Yangtze River Delta, green technology transfer and environmental regulation have a positive impact on narrowing the regional green development chasm. Especially, the superposition of green technology transfer and environmental regulation can effectively make up for the lack of government and market regulation, and significantly promote the narrowing of the green development chasm. (2) Regional heterogeneity exists and developed regions can achieve the goal of narrowing the green development chasm by relying on green technology transfer or environmental regulation, while less developed regions must rely on the synergy of two dimensions. Thus, the coordination of green technology transfer and environmental regulation must be strengthened. Based on the above research, the main contributions of this paper are to analyze the theoretical mechanism of green technology transfer, environmental regulation, and regional green development chasm, to provide a theoretical and empirical basis for realizing the overall goal of regional green development, and suggestions for optimizing China's current policies.

Regional differences and threshold effect of clean technology innovation on industrial green total factor productivity

Guiding technological progress towards clean innovations is crucial to industrial green transformation. This paper explains how clean technology innovation affects industrial green total factor productivity, using Tobit and panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) models to empirically test the relationship between clean technology innovation and industrial green total factor productivity. This research shows that clean technology innovation has a significantly positive effect on industrial green total factor productivity. The magnitude of this effect is different in various regions. When the intensity of environmental regulation reaches a particular threshold value in the central and western regions, clean technology innovation can significantly promote industrial green total factor productivity. In the eastern region, however, strict environmental regulation inhibits the promotion effect of clean technology innovation on industrial green total factor productivity. The corresponding research conclusion provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for exploring the way of industrial green transformation.

Evaluation of PCR-based hemagglutinin subtyping as a tool to aid in surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory wild birds

The surveillance of migratory wild birds (MWBs) for avian influenza virus (AIV) allows detecting the emergence of highly pathogenic AIV that can infect domestic poultry and mammals, new subtypes, and antigenic/genetic variants. The current AIV surveillance system for MWBs in the United States is based on virus isolation (VI) followed by sequencing isolates. This system primarily focuses on the early detection of H5 and H7 AIVs. However, it is suboptimal in assessing diverse AIV subtypes at any given time because of the low VI success rate. To improve such a shortfall, a SYBR® Green-based real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) panel was developed for direct HA subtyping of AIVs in oropharyngeal-cloacal (OPC) swabs from MWBs. Under optimal conditions, the PCR panel detected AIVs of all 16 different HA subtypes with an average limit of detection of 10^2.6 copies/reaction (2μl of extract). In testing 90 OPC swabs from 13 MWB species, the PCR provided a significantly faster turnaround of results and demonstrated the presence of more subtypes and concurrent infection among MWBs compared to what the current surveillance testing algorithm showed. In conclusion, newly developed SYBR® Green rtRT-PCR panel can be a useful tool for monitoring MWBs for AIVs.

Semi-dry technology mediated lignocellulosic coconut and energy reed straw reinforced cementitious insulation panels

Sustainable cementitious composite panels are gaining interest as efforts to reduce environmental burdens increase. This study investigated the possibilities and reinforcement effects of developing composite panels from coconut husk derived materials (CM) and reed straw (RS) particles in the presence of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Five composite panels with 1200 kg/m 3 densities and 400 × 400 × 8 mm 3 dimensions were produced. The proportion of lignocellulosic materials for energy reed and coconuts were 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100%, respectively. Other ingredients like OPC, Na 2 SiO 3 , and cement stone were kept constant. The panels were produced by utilizing energy efficient semi-dry technology, a novel fabrication technology that requires less water to make the slurry. The investigations – thermal conductivity, mechanical, physical, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and morphological – were conducted after 28 days of curation in a standard laboratory atmosphere. The test obtained the following results: the thermal properties of cementitious coconut and reed panels show that the thermal conductivity of the mixture expresses the excellent insulating properties of the panels. The thermal conductivity coefficient ranged from 0.11 to 0.15 W/(mK), with reed-only boards attaining superior values. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and internal bonding strength showed an increasing trend as the amount of coconut increased. The panel containing coconut materials only achieved the best values – 5.13 MPa (flexural strength) and 0.31 MPa (internal bonding strength). The morphological images displayed the presence of lignocellulosic materials in the composite structures, whereas the FTIR study provides evidence of successful chemical interactions between the OPC and reinforcements. The results reveal a novel, eco-friendly and green composite panel fabrication technology that can facilitate panel manufacturers, especially in the construction and building sectors. • Development of lightweight cementitious products with lignocellulose reinforcement. • Implementation of semi-dry technology in coir and reed fibre reinforced composites. • Mechanical properties of coir and reed provide good opportunity for construction use. • Physical and thermal properties show excellent insulation performances. • Reinforcement of reed and coconut fibre materials with OPC appears to be possible.

Characterization of Formaldehyde Emission and Combustion Properties of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Husk-Based Green Composite Panels for Building Applications

The building sectors are increasingly in need of more wood-based panels. Forests and environments are being destroyed to produce these wood-based panels. The aim of this study is to protect forest assets by recycling peanut (Arachis hypogaea) husk and manufacturing particleboard for green building design. The manufactured composite panels were subjected to combustion and formaldehyde tests. According to the test results, peanut husk reduced the combustion time and increased the combustion temperature. Phenol-formaldehyde adhesive decreased illuminance values and the peanut husk ratio increased the illuminance values. It was understood that, when the peanut husk additive ratio increased, combustion times decreased. Slow-combustion of green building composite panels delays the danger of collapse in case of a fire in a building. The combustion performance of the composite panels can be improved by adding non-combustible materials that do not affect the adhesion performance of the composite panels. When the adhesive type is taken into consideration, it is seen that the FF additive ratio reduces the combustion time. According to the formaldehyde emission test results, 24 hours after the manufacturing process all composite panels met the requirements of the board formaldehyde class E1. These composite panels can be used in green buildings as a sustainable building material. The furniture industry can also use these agro-fiber composite panels as green materials.

Green Building Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Transportation Infrastructure in China: Based on Three-Stage Super-Efficiency SBM–DEA and Tobit Models

As an important part of low-carbon ecological city construction, green building is also an objective requirement of sustainable development. Based on the green building panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2010 to 2020, the super-efficiency SBM model combined with the three-stage DEA model was adopted to obtain the green building efficiency value that was closer to the real situation by excluding the influence of environmental factors and statistical noise. Green buildings in China have only been developing for just over ten years and are still in the initial stage of spatial aggregation in which transportation infrastructure plays an important role in scale effect. This manuscript focuses on analyzing the influence factors, intensity and direction of transportation infrastructure on green building efficiency. The results show that: (1) The agglomeration effect is obvious in the area of green buildings with high efficiency, but the radiation effect is not strong in low-efficiency area. (2) Municipal transportation infrastructure investment, road surface area, per capita number of stations and interregional traffic network density have a positive impact on green building efficiency, while freight volume has a negative impact.