Intraplate basaltic volcanism is one of the most common, yet poorly understood, types of volcanism. Intraplate continental basaltic volcanic provinces (ICBVPs) typically comprise tens to hundreds of usually monogenetic, small-volume eruption centres, often cumulatively producing significant volumes of mainly primitive basaltic magmas. A wide range of mechanisms have been invoked to account for ICBVP melt generation, ranging from deep mantle plumes to local tectonic perturbations of the lithospheric mantle. The key to understanding the cause(s) of intraplate volcanism is understanding the geochemical evolution of magmatism within a regional tectonic framework. Unfortunately, many ICBVPs contain complex arrays of overlying lava flows, with uncertain eruption sources and a lack of precise age constraints.The Newer Volcanic Province (NVP) in south-eastern Australia is a young (~4.6 Ma–5 ka), geochemically and volcanologically diverse ICBVP, comprising ≥416 volcanic centres covering an area of ~23,000 km2. As with other ICBVPs, elucidating the underlying controls on magmatism has proved contentious, with recent studies favouring edge-driven convection, but divided as to the changing nature of volcanism. At the eastern boundary of the NVP, in the Melbourne area, previous work has indicated a complex network of lava flows representing almost the entire age and geochemical range of the NVP, making this an ideal microcosm for studying the evolution of the NVP.In this study, a holistic approach to lava flow mapping is utilised to unravel the complex network, incorporating diagnostic petrography, geochemistry and precise 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. This work reveals seven major lava flows, here named the Tullamarine, Redstone Hill, Aitken Hill, Mount Kororoit, Fenton Hill, Tulloch Hill and Mount Fraser flows, along with eight smaller-volume flows, here named the Pretty Sally, Green Hill, Bald Hill, Mount Cooper, Mount Ridley, Crowe Hill, Springs Hill and Summerhill Road flows. 40Ar/39Ar ages for eleven lava flows and eruption centres span an age range of 7.9–0.8 Ma. These new data reveal that alkalic, small-volume eruptions in the Melbourne area occurred exclusively between ~8 and 3.8 Ma. Post ~3.8 Ma, large-volume, tholeiitic eruptions dominated. A local progression from alkalic to tholeiitic volcanism is contrary to a province-wide progression from tholeiitic to alkalic volcanism inferred by previous studies.The earliest four eruptions (ca. 8 Ma) were aligned with the Cosgrove hotspot track and are probably unrelated to the broader NVP. The ages and geochemical variations of the younger flows are consistent with melt generation due to edge-driven convection. Magma composition might have been controlled by local perturbations within the convective cell, with tholeiitic magmas generated during high-degree melting in regions of more intense upwelling, and alkalic melts reflecting lower-degree melting and less-intense upwelling. The episodic nature of volcanism is likely due to restricted magma transport to the surface, which was only possible during brief periods of favourable tectonic conditions.