Green Highway Research Articles

Weightage factor for criteria of design & construction for green highway

Construction industry were one of the major contributor towards the environmental effect such as climate changes. Beside this the government is committed to reduce the CO2 by 40 % in 2020. Construction is one of the major contributor on CO2 emission. Hence, there is a need to reduce the impact on environment. The aim of this paper is to explain the methodologies for the determination of weightage for criteria of design and construction activities. The methodology processes begin with data collection by using questionnaires distribution the expertise who involve in highway development and green issues. There were 22 concessionaires with 140 respondents had been chosen to fill in the questionnaires. The data had been analysed using SPSS with factors analysis method. Results from the analysis show the weightage of each criterion were used to rank the criteria based on importance of the criteria in design and construction activities of highways. The result showed that the construction management had the highest weightage and follow by other 6 criteria.

Tropical Environment Elements for Green Highway Assessment

A highway is a main public road that connects towns and cities. Subsequently, a green highway is the transportation corridor which is based on a relatively new concept of roadway design that integrates major cities and towns. A green highway also provides more sustainable construction techniques and approaches to maximise its lifespan. The need for evaluation of sustainability and green development requires an assessment system of a green highway. An assessment system is required to evaluate the sustainability of a highway for construction projects. The aim of this study is to explore the environmental elements for green highway in the tropical climate of Malaysia. The objective is to identify the essential fundamental environment elements in a tropical climate for green highway assessment. The methodology is using desk study. This study has discovered eight fundamental environment elements of the green highway. 
 
 Keywords: tropical environment, green highway, assessment system

지속가능도로의 건설과 관리를 위한 방안

세계적 기후변화 대응 관련하여, 도로분야에서는 국토교통부의 국가 R&D인 '탄소중립형 도로 기술개발' 연구단 과제가 수행되었고, 최근에는 지속가능한 발전이 다시 논의되고 있다. 연구단에서는 녹색도로 인증제 (안), 탄소저감형의 친환경 도로를 만들기 위한 녹색도로 설계와 시공 기술 개발, 도로에서의 탄소배출량을 산정하고 관리하기 위한 녹색도로기술 투자평가 시스템(G-TIES) 등이 개발되었다. 앞으로는 이들 기술의 적용 확대와 함께, 그 내용의 범위를 보다 확대한 지속가능의 개념을 고려하여 지속가능도로 시스템을 구축해 나가야 하며, 본 논문에서는 그 방안을 제안하였다. An R&D project, 'Carbon Neutral Road Technologies Development', sponsored by the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport was performed and sustainable development is being discussed in relation to global climate change. A draft of the green highway certification system, the green highway design and construction technologies for making low carbon eco-friendly roads, and Green Highway Technology Investment Evaluation System (GTIES) for estimating and managing carbon emissions from roads have been developed from the results of the R&D project. A scheme for expanding the application of these technologies and building sustainable road systems by considering the concept of sustainability was proposed in this research.

Drivers’ adaptive travel behaviors towards green transportation development: a critical review

The transportation professionals integrated the concept Green in various dimensions of transportation, such as, green vehicle, green highway. The current study has established a new dimension to green transportation, which is called Green Driver as whom substantially contributes to less emission and fuel consumption, and higher-safety. The research established the driver’s Green Adaptive Travel Behaviors (GATB), in particular, that is referred to voluntary personal and lifestyle behaviors on less energy consumption and emission. The methodology was designed into two phases. Phase one was to investigate driver’s GATBs through systematic literature review process and content analysis method. The second phase was to verify greenery value impact (GVI) of the finalized list of drivers’ GATBs through an expert input study and Grounded Group Decision Making (GGDM) method. Total twenty six (26) GATB factors have been determined. Amongst, the factor ‘F27- Dangerous overtaking’ has received the highest value (97%) followed with ‘F3- Slow once realizing bike lanes for cyclist crossing’ (91%). In contrast, ‘F4- Realize visual Obstacles to manage the speed’ and ‘F21- Brake with smooth deceleration’ has received the lowest value (77%) among other factors. Two of the initial factors;‘F5-Use traffic calming devices’ (55%), and ‘F24- Change highest possible gear’ (69%) could not reach the 70% saturation; hence, they have been dropped from the list of GATB factors. Indeed, the GATB efforts are not limited to technology and practice; but also can include education and enforcement to driving regulations in order to interconnect driver, technology, environment, and vehicle. The research concluded with an innovative technique used as the decision support tool to evaluate the greenery grade of any individual driver on committing to less emission, less fuel consumption, and higher safety in traveling. As future study, the Green driver behaviour index assessment model will be developed based on this study outputs.

Sustainable Waste Management for Green Highway Initiatives

Green highway initiative is the transportation corridors based on sustainable concept of roadway. It incorporates both transportation functionality and ecological requirements. Green highway also provides more sustainable construction technique that maximizes the lifespan of highway. Waste management is one of the sustainable criterias in the elements of green highway. Construction of highway consumes enormous amounts of waste in term of materials and energy. These wastes need to be reduce to sustain the environment. This paper aims to identify the types of waste produced from highway construction. Additionally, this study also determine the waste minimization strategy and waste management practiced.. This study main focus are construction and demolition waste only. The methodology process begin with data collection by using questionnaire survey. 22 concession companies listed under Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia acted as a respondent. The questionnaires were distributed to all technical department staffs. The data received was analyzed using IBM SPSS. The results shows the most production of waste is wood, soil, tree root and concrete. The least production of waste is metal. For waste minimization, the best waste minimization is reuse for all type of waste except for tree root and stump. Whereas, the best waste management is providing strategic plan. The least practice for waste management is recording the quantity of waste.

Rehabilitation by In-situ Cold Recycling Technique Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material and Foam Bitumen at Vadodara Halol Road Project (SH 87) – A Case Study

Cold Recycling Technology (CRT) of worn out bituminous pavement is a relatively new technology which has important application in the road surface treatment and paving towards green highway. Due to economic and environmental constraints like reduction in construction cost, preservation of aggregate and binder, etc, more attention is turning towards recycling of bituminous surface as an alternative to conventional pavement rehabilitation. The objective of this paper is to analyze flexible pavement with insitu cold recycling technique using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material (RAP) and Foam Bitumen. As a case study, pilot project consisting of segregated stretches having major distresses and totaling 10 km length were selected on Vadodara Halol Road Project (SH 87) where cold recycling technique using reclaimed material and foam bitumen was used as a part of rehabilitation of flexible pavement instead of conventional overlay in order to achieve economy and executing within limited time period. Various field as well as laboratory tests are conducted and representative cores were extracted to investigate the pavement characteristics. The results of tests conducted on the cold recycling surface are very encouraging and adopted CRT is found to be economically viable also.

ASSESSMENT INDEX TOOL FOR GREEN HIGHWAY IN MALAYSIA

Green highway is a highway project that has been designed and constructed with the sustainability requirements and global standard. Basically, green highway is one of the major parts for sustainable concept where three major aspects are addressed which are economic, social and environment. The main focus for economic aspect is to increase profitability by making more efficient use of resources especially material, improve the quality of life by fulfilling the nation’s need for social aspect while protecting the environment from the impact of CO2 emission and using of natural resources efficiently for the purpose of environment aspect. Therefore, it is important for highway stakeholders to incorporate sustainable criteria in their projects. The implementation of sustainable concept in highway needs to be evaluated by green highway rating tool assessment. Thus, the purpose of this study is to establish a tool to assess and certify a green highway in Malaysia. The data for this study was obtained through group discussion with highway experts and questionnaires that were distributed to identify the sustainability factors. Then the data were analyzed using factor analysis method. The findings of this study indicated that, there are five major sustainable factor which are Sustainable Design and Construction Activities, Social and Safety, Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Water Management and Material and Technology that are included in the development of green highway rating system.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS IN GREEN HIGHWAY

Sustainable development principles have been implemented in various sectors including construction. Proper development and operation of infrastructure projects such highways can contribute significantly to the mission of sustainable development. Previous studies shown that most of conventional highways are unsustainable in many ways. Highways are facing severe challenge such as deteriorating condition, congestion, energy supply, and shortfall of funding for maintenance and capacity expansion to meet increasing demand. However at the same time, they consume huge amount of natural minerals and energy and generate waste and emission which contributing to climate changes and global warming. Therefore, sustainable design, construction, operation and maintenance have become priority these day. The aim of this paper is to determine critical elements for sustainable design and construction based on ranking of the priority level of the weighted value of each criteria. The questionnaires survey were developed and distributed to related respondents in order to obtain the agreement level for the element. The data was analysed using SPSS with factor analysis method. Result from the analysis shown the criteria, weightage and score for main criteria for sustainable design and construction activities for green highway.

Pavement Technology Elements in Green Highway

A technology that has been experienced during the construction of a pavement has indicated the improvement in exploring the advanced technology pavement. Types of technologies of pavements applied are always related to the high performance of the pavements during the life span. Indeed, the application of technology in pavement has insisted to reduce the rate of environmental problems such as global warming, abundance of solid waste and so on. The development of technologies in pavement has been identified by the expert in highway engineering as one of the initiatives in response the sustainability requirement that later on will be applied to implement green highway concepts. Nowadays, the process of selecting a variety of green pavement technology element is becoming more challenging to be evaluated qualitatively. This paper aims to determine critical pavement technology element based on ranking of priority to achieve the objective of the green highway design. It is necessary to determine the critical elements in order to identify which elements will most contribute to the green practices based on the priority level of the weighted factor value. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to the respondent in order to obtain the agreement level for the element. Based on the weighted analysis, it has been shown that the soil erosion control element has achieved first ranking in order to implement green highway and followed by permeable and cool pavement.In conclusion, the identification of critical elementsof green pavement technology is the main key towards sustainable development in the future.

Challenges of Green Highway Concept towards Implementation of Green Highway

Green highway is different from conventional highway due to the differences of its concept, fundamental, characteristics and technologies. Stakeholders in highway construction have to overcome various challenges towards the successful implementation of green highway project. Aim of this paper is to investigate the challenges of green highway concept for highway project. This study is based on a set of unstructured interview conducted among three main stakeholders namely highway concessions, government and private agencies. The finding of this study suggested that among main challenges categories for the implementation of green highway concept are legal and regulatory; technical and physical; financial and cultural barriers which are based on the stakeholder’s perspective.

Green Highway for Malaysia: A Literature Review

This paper reviewed on the green highway definition and green highway terminology to improve knowledge and awareness of green highway for highway construction projects. Moreover, this paper discussed briefly on the rating system for green highway by highlighting various eight rating systems for green highway. This study adopted the secondary data from previous research and findings on green highway construction from all over the world. With regard to published articles on green highways, the outcome of the paper will examine several major issues in green highway which are the definition of green highway, terminology used for green highway aspects, green highway initiatives and green highway rating systems from all over the world.

Estimating Carbon Reductions of Green Highway Technologies

Estimating Carbon Reductions of Green Highway Technologies

Solar Lighting Technologies for Highway Green Rest Areas in China: Energy Saving Economic and Environmental Evaluation

In this paper, taking Lushan West Sea highway green rest area in Jiangxi Province of China as the case study, the suitable types, applicability, advantages, and effective methods of solar lighting technologies for highway rest area were determined based on the analysis of characteristics of highway green rest area. It was proved that solar lighting technologies including the natural light guidance system, solar LED lighting, and maximizing natural light penetration were quite suitable for highway rest area in terms of lighting effects and energy and economic efficiency. The illuminance comparison of light guidance system with electrical lighting was made based on the on-site experiment. Also, the feasibility of natural light guidance system was well verified in terms of the lighting demand of the visitor centre in the rest area by the illuminance simulation analysis. The evaluation of the energy saving, economic benefits, and environmental effects of solar lighting technologies for highway rest area was, respectively, made in detail. It was proved that the application of solar technology for green lighting of highway rest facilities not only could have considerable energy saving capacity and achieve high economic benefits, but also make great contributions to the reduction of environment pollution.

한국형 녹색도로인증시스템 평가요소 개발 - 고속도로 및 국도 건설단계 중심 -

최근 국가정책 아젠다인 '저탄소 녹색성장'은 국가의 중요한 비젼으로 전정부차원의 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 정부는 2020년까지 세계 7대, 2050년까지 세계 5대 녹색강국으로 진입을 목표로 하고 있다. 이러한 목표를 실현시키기 위해 효율적 온실가스 감축 및 녹색국토, 교통의 조성이 중요한 시책으로 추진되고 있다. 건설산업 부문도 예외가 아니어서 에너지 및 온실가스 배출저감을 위한 정책 및 기술개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 해외 선진국의 경우 가장 광범위한 대상인 도로시설물에 대한 녹색도 측정을 위한 연구가 수행되었으며 그것을 기반으로 녹색도로인증제가 적용되고 있다. 본 논문은 선진국 제도 및 사례를 벤치마킹하고 국내 도로부문에 있어 적용성을 검증하여 녹색도로인증제도의 성공적인 국내 도입에 일조 하고자 한다. Recent national policy agenda of 'Low-Carbon Green Growth' has been implemented as the important vision of the country. The government has set a target of entering the seven major world powers of Green Nation at 2020, and five major world powers at 2050. In order to achieve the goal, the reduction of greenhouse gases and the composition of green land and transportation has been promoted as an important policy. In a construction industry sector, policies and technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy have been actively developed. In the case of developed countries, research for green road infrastructure has been conducted, which is the basis for certification system of green highway. This paper benchmarks the policies and cases of developed countries, verifies the applicability in the domestic road sector, and suggests the introduction of the certification system of green highway.

Elements of Green Highway Assessment: Social and Safety

A green highway is fundamental for the infrastructure to be environmentally responsible and sustainable in all aspects. The need for promoting sustainability and green highway construction requires an assessment system. The Green Highway Assessment provides a management and technical approach for highway life-cycle from construction to its maintenance processes. It should also cover the relationship between environment and social responsibility with highway development. Nevertheless, safety and social element of highway development are often not addressed in majority of green highway assessments. The aim of this study is to identify and choose which social and safety elements are to be included in green highway criteria and therefore utilised in Malaysian Green Highway Index and its assessment. Data was obtained through comprehensive literature reviews, expert interviews and distribution of questionnaires. Respondents included experts and stakeholders from highway development field. The Average Index Value analysis was also utilised for the result of the questionnaire. The study resulted in 7 main criteria and 12 sub-criteria that were accepted to be used for green highway index assessment. The full list of main criteria and sub-criteria will be explained further in the text.

Pilot Training Program with DC Water For the Use of Envision™ and Green Highways Partnership (GHP) Principles By Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Personnel

Pilot Training Program with DC Water For the Use of Envision™ and Green Highways Partnership (GHP) Principles By Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Personnel

Study on the Dynamic Variation Law of Highway Slope's Soil Moisture

[Objective] Soil moisture is the key factor of highway greening. To maintain the steady and sustainable development of highway greening, the problem of soil moisture should be primarily solved. [Method] In this paper, the dynamic variation law of highway slope’s soil moisture was studied by the continuous observation of the soil moisture (0~40cm) and rainfall in all points (sunny slope, shade slope, ground, and the central partition belt) of China’s Langfang—Zhuozhou Highway from April to November 2009. [Result] From April to May, the soil moisture content declined continuously. From May to August, the soil moisture content increased rapidly and also was kept at a higher level. From August to October, the soil moisture content declined gradually. From October to November, the soil moisture content increased steadily. The soil moisture in the surface (0~10cm) and the lower layer (10cm~20cm) fluctuated greatly, and the variation coefficient was 28.39% and 24.85% respectively; the change of the soil moisture content in the deep layer (20cm~40 cm) decreased significantly, and the variation coefficient was 19.41%. [Conclusion] The seasonal dynamic variation law of highway slope’s soil moisture is significant, and also keeps consistent with the dynamic rainfall, plant transpiration, and soil evaporation laws. The soil moisture conditions from May to August are the best. The spatial variation of the soil moisture can be divided into two layers: the rapid-variation layer (0~20 cm) and the active layer (20cm~40 cm). In each observation point, the soil moisture conditions are the best in the central partition belt, secondary in the sunny and shade slopes, and the worst in ground.

Greening the Highways – Road Way Design That Integrates Transportation Functionality and Ecological Sustainability – Case Study of Port to Port Expressway in Hambantota District

The weight of the road transport sector within an economy is considerable, not only inquantitative terms (tons transported), but also in economic terms such as source of wealth,employment and in terms of support given to other economic activities. Through numerousmechanisms, investments in the road sector benefit the whole society by providing access toterritory and allowing poverty alleviation to take place. Consequently, the road networkcreates and stimulates positive synergy and enhances social cohesion and integration bygiving citizens access to the same opportunities. However, in as much as it provides the aforesaid benefits, if not done holistically without giving proper heed to the environment andnatural resources, it poses many negative impacts. Some of them are bifurcating landscapesand societies and calling for involuntary resettlement, impediment on natural hydrology,noise pollution, water pollution, habitat destruction/disturbance and local air quality; and thewider effects including climate change from vehicle emissions. The design, construction andmanagement of roads can change the impacts to varying degrees.A green highway is a roadway constructed with a relatively new concept for roadway designthat integrates transportation functionality and ecological sustainability. An environmentalapproach is used throughout the planning, design, and the construction. The result is ahighway that will benefit transportation, the ecosystem, urban growth, public health andsurrounding communities. In order to achieve this developer should go beyond the minimumstandards set by environmental laws and regulations. First of all it is required to map all theresources in the area in order to avoid, identify and protect critical resource areas. Naturaldrainage paths need to be protected and restored to protect the hydrology of wetlands andstreams in project area. The disruptions to ecological processes should be reduced bypromoting wildlife corridors and passages in areas identified through wildlife conservationplans. Examples are taken for the illustration of the above from the recently designedexpressway to link the Seaport with the Airport and the Southern Expressway in HambantotaDistrict.

An Evaluation of Sustainable Design and Construction Criteria for Green Highway

Sustainability has been widely debated in the construction industry in recent years. Though various assessments have previously been developed to help improving sustainability of construction projects, those assessments seem missed the base network for cities and buildings which are highways. Therefore, there is the need to select variety of design and construction activities criteria for green highway and determine the weightage factor for every criterion in order to categorize which criteria that most contribute to the green practices based on the priority. The aim of this paper is to explain the determination of weightage for criteria of design and construction activities. The methodology processes begin with data collection by using questionnaires distribution to the expertise who involve in highway development and also green issues. There were 140 respondents had been chosen to fill in the questionnaires survey. The data had been analysed using SPSS with factors analysis method. Results from the analysis show the evaluation of the criteria base on the important criteria in design and construction action of green highway.

Energy Efficiency Criteria for Green Highways in Malaysia

Green highway is a roadway planned and designed with desires to integrate transportation functionality and ecological. A green highway takes high consideration on the approach of environment to the transportation system development, the ecosystem, urban growth, public health and also to surrounding communities. Reference to standard system such Green Roads Rating System becomes more popular being used to measure the classification of a green highway. This journal paper aimed to discuss on how important is the energy efficiency criteria to be measured in the green highway development. Energy is considered highly related to highway development due to it is the most infrastructures involves in massive construction activities from its construction up to the operation and maintenance process. Relevant energy criteria in green highway development had been figured out and a checklist of the comparison among the current relevant reference in the green highway is highlighted in this paper. These identified criteria for energy efficiency are importance to be considered in Malaysian Highway Index. The criteria include the consideration on Energy Plan for Green performance strategies, energy plan for maintenance, grey and green compound and car park, rest and service area (RSA), toll plaza and interchange.