Green Fluorescence Research Articles

Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography to Evaluate the Impact of Surgical and Patient Factors on Posterior Septal Artery Perfusion in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery

Abstract Background Nasoseptal flaps (NSF), perfused by the posterior septal artery (PSA), are heavily utilized in endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS). We use indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography to assess PSA perfusion. Methods A prospective study of adult ESBS patients assessed PSA perfusion using intraoperative ICG. PSA ICG fluorescence intensities (FIs) were quantified. Factors analyzed included demographics, comorbidities, prior sinonasal surgery, surgical approach, concurrent septoplasty, NSF harvest timing, and flap-related complications. t-Tests compared significant ICG baseline differences and changes from baseline. ICG enhancement was compared with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results A total of 54 patients were studied. Of these, 35 NSFs were harvested, while the remaining 19 underwent cuts for rescue flaps. Mean PSA FI changed from baseline 118.1 ± 28.6 to 114.4 ± 32.3 following reconstruction. Tobacco users had lower baseline FI compared with non-tobacco users (78.3 ± 62.8 vs. 118.4 ± 29.1, p = 0.003). Transpterygoid approaches showed greater decrease from baseline (−25.8 ± 58.9 vs. −3.8 ± 32.1, p = 0.035) than transsphenoidal. No other studied factors, including revision case, timing of flap harvest, flap side, division of palatosphenoidal artery, or concurrent septoplasty, had a significant influence on ICG intensity. In total, 34 of 35 NSFs were viable. ICG fluorescence had a 100% sensitivity, 0% specificity, and 96.6% positive predictive value (PPV) for NSF viability, while MRI enhancement had a 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% PPV for NSF viability. Conclusion ICG angiography may provide an intraoperative assessment of flap viability with comparable PPV as postoperative MRI. Tobacco use and transpterygoid approaches may be associated with decreased PSA perfusion.

Aqueous Synthesis of Green Fluorescence Non‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles by in situ Formation of Poly‐ionic Complexes

Aqueous Synthesis of Green Fluorescence Non‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles by in situ Formation of Poly‐ionic Complexes

Origin of dedifferentiated adipocyte-derived cells (DFAT) during ceiling culture in an Adiponectin Cre-Recombinase mouse model.

Dedifferentiated adipose tissue-derived (DFAT) cells represent an attractive source of stem cells for tissue engineering and the potential treatment of several clinical conditions. Our objective was to determine whether DFAT cells originate from mature adipocytes and address whether contamination from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) could be as a source for these cells. A murine adiponectin-creERT; mT/mG model was used with the excision of the cassette induced by tamoxifen injection for the cells expressing adiponectin (adipoq). This model allows distinguishing mature adipocytes (green fluorescence) from other SVF cell types (red fluorescence) based on the fluorescent protein expressed. Mature adipocytes and SVF cells were isolated from adipose tissues by collagenase digestion. Ceiling cultures were imaged by time-lapse microscopy. Confocal microscopy was used to follow cells over 21 days. Time-lapse microscopy experiments showed liposecretion occurring in mature adipocytes displaying green fluorescence. Confocal imaging allowed the identification of a heterogeneous cell population expressing green but also red fluorescence after 21 days of culture. Asymmetrical division of mature adipocytes was not observed. In conclusion, liposecretion of mature adipocytes is a phenomenon that can be observed in vitro and DFAT cells do originate from mature adipocytes. However, the population of DFAT cells is heterogenous.

A cotton swab platform for fluorescent detection of aluminum ion in food samples based on aggregation-induced emission of carbon dots.

A novel portable cotton swab based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) for Al3+ detection was constructed for the first time. NCDs with bright green fluorescence were prepared by hydrothermal method with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide as precursors. The surface of NCDs was exposed to abundant functional groups (such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc.), which was helpful for the formation of complexes between NCDs and Al3+. In the presence of Al3+, the aggregation of NCDs obviously induced their fluorescence enhancement due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of NCDs. Furthermore, the quantum yield (QY) of NCDs was enhanced by 12 times with Al3+, and the fluorescence lifetime was increased by 7.54ns. The fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of Al3+ (2.5-300μM), and the limit of detection was 0.76μM. Moreover, for the portable way, cotton swabs were successfully employed to construct the sensors for the detection of Al3+ in food samples. This proposal haspotential for the application in food analysis.

High-Level Production of a Recombinant Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves Through Transient Expression Using a Double Terminator

Various bio-based recombinant proteins have been produced for industrial, medical, and research purposes. Plants are potential platforms for recombinant protein production because of several advantages. Therefore, establishing a system with high target gene expression to compensate for the low protein yield of plant systems is crucial. In particular, selecting and combining strong terminators is essential because the expression of target genes can be substantially enhanced. Here, we aimed to quantify the enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of the turbo green fluorescence protein (tGFP) caused by the best double-terminator combinations compared to that of the control vector using agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. tGFP fluorescence increased by 4.1-fold in leaf samples infiltrated with a vector containing a double terminator and markedly increased by a maximum of 23.7-fold when co-infiltrated with the geminiviral vector and P19 compared to that in constructs containing an octopine synthase terminator. Polyadenylation site analysis in leaf tissues expressing single or dual terminators showed that the first terminator influenced the polyadenylation site determination of the second terminator, resulting in different polyadenylation sites compared with when the terminator is located first. The combination of the high-expression terminators and geminiviral vectors can increase the production of target proteins.

Simple solution and paper-based fluorescent aptasensors for toxic metal ions, thallium(l) and lead(ll).

Heavy metal ions, such as thallium(I) and lead(II) are environmental toxicants known to cause a severe threat to human and ecosystem health. This work investigates aptamers and intercalating chromophore-based complexes for the detection of these toxic species. In one method, a selective label-free "turn-on" biosensor was developed using a G-quadruplex-intercalating agent, berberine. Fluorescence, melting temperature (Tm), and circular dichroism analysis confirmed the affinity and selectivity results, illustrating the potential of these aptasensor methods for improving detection limits. These fluorescence assays were found to perform with a detection limit of 3.4 μM for Tl(I) and 0.84 nM for Pb(II). Furthermore, the assays were challenged successfully with Tl(I) and Pb(II) spiked into river water samples. We next developed paper-based fluorescent assays for Tl(I) and Pb(II), where the aptamer/berberine complex was spotted onto the paper test zone. When Tl(I) or Pb(II) ions solutions were spotted onto the top of the test zone and the spot was illuminated with a portable UV light (365 nm), a strong green fluorescence could be easily visualized with the naked eye. The lowest detection limits achieved with these fluorescent paper-based assays for Tl(I) and Pb(II) were 1.1 nM and 1.6 nM, respectively. The two fluorescent approaches presented here have the potential to be the basis of rapid, fast, and cost-efficient screening assays for these toxic species.

Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Intraoperative Flap Perfusion Assessment With Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography in Breast and Head and Neck Reconstructions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) is gaining popularity for the assessment of reconstructive flap perfusion intraoperatively. This study analyses the literature with a focus on its clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness across various plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on published studies in English comparing ICGFA with standard clinical assessment for flap perfusion. Meta-analysis concerned perfusion-related complications and cost data. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, of which two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four were prospective cohort studies. Twenty-one studies were AHRQ Standard 'Good'; however, the overall level of evidence remains low. ICGFA was predominantly performed in breast surgeries (n = 3310) and head and neck reconstruction (n = 701) albeit with inconsistency in protocols and predominantly subjective interpretations (only five studies utilized objective thresholds). In breast surgery, meta-analysis demonstrated significant reductions in mastectomy skin flap necrosis (odds ratio (OR) 0.58, p < 0.0001), fat necrosis (OR 0.31, p < 0.001), infection (OR 0.66, p = 0.02), and re-operation (OR 0.40, p < 0.0001), but no significant decrease in total or partial flap loss (OR 0.78, p = 0.57/OR 0.87, p = 0.56, respectively) or increase in dehiscence (OR 1.55, p = 0.11). In head and neck surgery, ICGFA significantly decreased total flap loss (OR 0.47, p = 0.04), although not partial flap loss (OR 0.37, p = 0.13) and reoperation (OR 0.92, p = 0.73). Lower limb (n = 104) and abdominal wall (n = 95) reconstructive surgeries were much less studied with no significant ICGFA impact. Seven studies reported cost savings with flap surgeries and breast reconstructions, although study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. ICGFA appears to be a useful, cost-effective tool to identify otherwise unsuspected hypoperfusion in breast and head and neck reconstruction. There is a clear need for standardization, however, to avoid bias. Further RCTs are necessary to solidify these promising clinical findings.

Crystal structures and photophysical properties of mono- and dinuclear ZnII complexes flanked by triethylammonium

Two new zinc(II) complexes, triethylammonium dichlorido[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenylquinolin-8-olato]zinc(II), (C6H16N){Zn(C21H13N2O3)Cl2] (ZnOQ), and bis(triethylammonium) {2,2′-[1,4-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}bis[dichloridozinc(II)], (C6H16N)2[Zn2(C20H14N2O2)Cl4] (ZnBS), were synthesized and their structures were determined using ESI–MS spectrometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the ligands 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenylquinolin-8-ol (HOQ) and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (H2BS) were deprotonated by triethyl-amine, forming the counter-ion Et3NH+, which interacts via an N—H...O hydrogen bond with the ligand. The ZnII atoms have a distorted trigonal–pyramidal (ZnOQ) and distorted tetrahedral (ZnBS) geometries with a coordination number of four, coordinating with the ligands via N and O atoms. The N atoms coordinating with ZnII correspond to the heterocyclic nitrogen for the HOQ ligand, while for the H2BS ligand, it is the nitrogen of the imine (CH=N). The crystal packing of ZnOQ is characterized by C—H...π interactions, while that of ZnBS by C—H...Cl interactions. The emission spectra showed that ZnBS complex exhibits green fluorescence in the solid state with a small band-gap energy, and the ZnOQ complex does exhibit non-fluorescence.

Quercetin regulates sensitivity to X-ray radiation of hepatocellular carcinoma through miR-216a-3p

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive liver cancer with limited therapeutic options, and enhancing radiosensitivity remains a key challenge in improving treatment outcomes. Quercetin (Que) can inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its effect on HCC radiosensitivity remains unclear. This research investigates the role of Que in regulating HCC growth and radiosensitivity, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for enhancing the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy in HCC. The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the optimal treatment conditions for Que and X-rays. Changes in cell growth, cycle arrest, invasion, migration, the relative proportion of JC-1 red and green fluorescence (mitochondrial membrane potential), and the levels of ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px (oxidative stress) were assessed using flow cytometry, Transwell assays, JC-1 staining, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively, under Que, X-ray, and co-treatment conditions. The effect of miR-216a-3p knockdown on the action of Que was also explored, and the potential pathways by which Que regulates HCC growth and radiosensitivity were investigated in conjunction with in vivo subcutaneous transplantation tumor experiments. The in vitro treatment parameters for Que and X-rays were 100 µM and 4 Gy. Que combined with X-ray therapy enhanced HCC cell radiosensitivity, reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promoted oxidative stress and apoptosis. Que was found to upregulate miR-216a-3p in HCC cells. Rescue experiments with miR-216a-3p knockdowns demonstrated that Que regulates HCC cell radiosensitivity via miR-216a-3p. In vivo research further showed that Que increased tumor sensitivity to X-rays by upregulating miR-216a-3p, thereby inhibiting HCC growth. In conclusion, Que has been shown to enhance HCC radiosensitization by upregulating miR-216a-3p and inhibiting HCC progression. Que may be a promising agent for increasing the radiosensitivity of HCC.

Incorporating Er:YAP Microcrystals Into Tellurite Fiber Using Volumetric Interface Doping

AbstractIn this semi‐quantitative study, laser crystal microparticles which are potentially capable of generating mid‐infrared (MIR) light are incorporated into MIR transmitting optical fibers using a volumetric interface doping technique that combines interface doping with volumetric doping. Using confocal microscopy with a refractive index matching fluid, the Er:YAP microcrystals (MCs) inside the tellurite glass fiber are observed based on the detection of the green upconversion fluorescence emission of Er3+ ions, produced under excitation at 976 nm and localized at the central region within the fiber. The key outcome from this proof‐of‐concept study is that MC particles that are fused with the glass during the fiber drawing process survived heat treatment because the MC particles are exposed for a short time to a glass fluid with high viscosity of ≈105 Pa.s, which prevented the glass from exerting a dissolution effect. The survival of the MCs demonstrated the viability of the doping technique for fabricating fibers with exotic crystal‐glass combinations for applications including good refractive index matching across the pump and lasing bands of rare earth ions. This latter parameter provides significant particle size flexibility whilst minimizing additional loss from scattering especially at MIR wavelengths where the MC diameter‐to‐wavelength ratio becomes smaller.

Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography (ICG-FA) in the management of intestinal injuries following penetrating abdominal trauma: a case-control study comparing postoperative outcomes.

The surgical management of penetrating hollow visceral injuries includes primary repair or exteriorization. Tissue perfusion at the site of gastrointestinal suture repair may be challenging to assess and is vulnerable to local energy transfer-related injury, micro- or macro-circulatory insufficiency, or splanchnic vasoconstriction for various reasons. Breakdown of suture lines can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. The intraoperative use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography (ICG-FA) may reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality by ensuring optimal tissue perfusion at the chosen site of suture repair. We conducted a retrospective review of the postoperative complications, length of Intensive Care (ICU) stay, and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing laparotomy, with and without ICG-FA for penetrating abdominal trauma at a Level One Trauma Center in Cape Town, South Africa. One hundred patients were included in the study, of which 20 underwent laparotomy with ICG-FA, and 80 did not. The overall complication rate was significantly lower in the ICG-FA group (OR 0.336, p-value=0.0412). The anastomotic leak rates in the ICG-FA and control groups were 0% and 6.25%, respectively (p-value=0.5799). Revision surgery was required in 2 and 14 patients in the ICG-FA and control groups, respectively (OR 0.524, p-value=0.516). The mean length of stay in hospital showed no statistical difference, 8.6 and 5.3 days for the ICG-FA and control groups, respectively (p-value=0.092). The mean length of ICU stay was 6.3 and 2.3 days for the ICG-FA and control groups, respectively (p-value=0.1642). Lower levels of overall postoperative complications and lower rates of revision surgery in patients undergoing laparotomy with ICG-FA are promising. Non-significant findings regarding the relationship between the usage of ICG-FA and anastomotic leak rates suggest the need for larger randomized studies.

Dual-phase Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot borosilicate glass for WLED applications

Owing to inherent structural instability of perovskite quantum dots, they are instability in humid environments and high temperatures conditions. To address this issue, a simple, environmentally friendly glass encapsulated technology is used to protect the perovskite quantum dots. Meanwhile, the dual-phase perovskite structure realized by phase transition engineering can further increase the stability of perovskite quantum dots. In this study, 3D CsPbBr3/0D Cs4PbBr6 dual-phase coexisting perovskite quantum dot glass powders were synthesized through melt quenching and subsequent crystallization induction of thermal treatment and water molecule, respectively. Results showed that compared with thermal treatment induction, perovskite QDs glass powders by water molecules induction exhibited a high PLQY of 24.7 % with a central wavelength of 519 nm and displayed excellent environmental stability. By combining green fluorescence from 3D CsPbBr3/0D Cs4PbBr6 QDs glass powders and red fluorescence powders (CaAlSiN3:Eu), a WLED device with an impressive EQE of 20.6 % was created, indicating a promising application potential.

Modulating Charge-Transfer Excited States of Multiple Resonance Emitters via Intramolecular Covalent Bond Locking.

Advanced multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with high efficiency and color purity have emerged as a research focus in the development of ultra-high-definition displays. Herein, we disclose an approach to modulate the charge-transfer excited states of MR emitters via intramolecular covalent bond locking. This strategy can promote the evolution of strong intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) states into weak ICT states, ultimately narrowing the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of emitters. To modulate the ICT intensity, two octagonal rings are introduced to yield molecule m-DCzDAz-BNCz. Compounds m-CzDAz-BNCz and m-DCzDAz-BNCz exhibit bright light-green and green fluorescence in toluene, with emission maxima of 504 and 513 nm, and FWHMs of 28 and 34 nm, respectively. Sensitized organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing emitters m-CzDAz-BNCz and m-DCzDAz-BNCz exhibit green emission with peaks of 508 and 520 nm, Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.12, 0.65) and (0.19, 0.69), and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 30.2 % and 32.6 %, respectively.

Assembly of a tumor microtissue by stacking normal and cancer spheroids on Kenzan using a bio-3D printer to monitor dynamic cancer cell invasion in the microtissue

In the present study, a tumor microtissue was assembled by precisely stacking normal and cancer cell spheroids on Kenzan (microneedle array) using a spheroid stacking type bio-3D printer. This is the first study to non-invasively observe the dynamic behavior of GFP-tagged cancer cell invasion in the microtissue assembled by a spheroid stacking type bio-3D printer. First, the cancer cell spheroid was prepared using 10 % cancer cells (MCF-7 expressing GFP) and 90 % normal cells (70 % HNDF and 20 % HUVEC). The normal cell spheroid was prepared using 100 % normal cells (80 % HNDF and 20 % HUVEC). The tumor microtissue was then assembled on Kenzan by placing 1 cancer cell spheroid in the center position of the microtissue and 8 normal cell spheroids around it. 9 spheroids stacked on Kenzan were fused into 1 tumor microtissue after 24 hours of culture. The green fluorescence derived from cancer cells spread from the central position to the entire area of the tumor microtissue. The spread dynamics of cancer cell-derived GFP fluorescence can be used as a simple measure to evaluate cancer cell migration/invasion and response to anticancer drugs.

Validity assessment of a third-generation light-induced fluorescence device in detecting proximal and occlusal caries lesions: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) device (QrayCam Pro, AIOBIO, Seoul, Republic of Korea) in detecting and differentiating the severity of posterior proximal and occlusal primary caries. Materials and methodsThe study included a total of 120 teeth in 60 patients (of both genders, aged between 21 and 38 years) between January and March 2024, one carious tooth and one sound tooth were selected at random in each patient. All occlusal surfaces were evaluated in accordance with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) Nyvad Criteria, using the visual tactile method. The ICDAS employs a scoring system ranging from 0 to 6, while the Nyvad Criteria employs a similar scoring system. Addionally, the depth of the proximal lesions was scored (0–6) using bite-wing radiography. The quantitative values representing the maximum loss of fluorescence (∆Fmax) and the maximum change in the ratio of red and green fluorescence (∆Rmax) were obtained using the Q-ray Clinical software v 1.45. To assess the validity, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) were calculated. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to investigate the correlation between the findings of the traditional and QLF examination methods. ResultsThe AUROC values for both ∆Fmax and ∆Rmax were found to be excellent. The sensitivity of QrayCam Pro was found to be 84–88.6%, while the specificity was 100%. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between scores obtained from the traditional examination and the QLF values. ConclusionsBased on the findings of this study, QrayCam Pro exhibits potential as a valuable additional tool for not only detecting caries but also for assessing their severity and activity. Clinical relevanceThis study revealed that QrayCam Pro might be suggested as a precise tool for enhancing caries detection and assessment compared to traditional methods. By providing quantitative data on caries severity and activity, it enables more informed treatment decisions, potentially optimizing outcomes for patients.

Novel dual-color fluorescence probe for monitoring the fluctuation of lysosomal polarity and viscosity during apoptosis

Apoptosis is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cancer and various other diseases. Real-time monitoring of apoptosis is crucial for assessing cell viability and facilitating drug screening. The process of apoptosis tends to cause changes in cellular microenvironmental factors. The variations of the microenvironment can serve as an indicator of the degree of apoptosis. Thus, the development of a smart and facile probe responding to cellular microenvironmental factors is significant for visualizing the apoptotic process. In this research, we designed a novel dual-color fluorescent probe, Lyso-DCPV, which incorporates N, N-diethyl coumarin as its polarity-responsive module, and the twisting double bond between N, N-diethyl coumarin and N-propyl quinoline as its viscosity-responsive module. The green fluorescence of Lyso-DCPV is sensitive to polarity changes, diminishing as polarity increases. Conversely, the red fluorescence intensifies with escalating viscosity. The probe specifically targets lysosomes, producing green fluorescence in live cells. Due to Lyso-DCPV’s acute sensitivity to changes in polarity and viscosity, it is well-suited to observe variations in the intracellular lysosomal microenvironment during drug-induced apoptosis. We also employed Lyso-DCPV for the dynamic assessment of polarity and viscosity during peroxide-induced apoptosis, enabling the observation of cell viability through variations in the probe’s emission color and intensity. The distinct probe will pave the way for novel strategies in evaluating apoptosis-related drugs. Moreover, Lyso-DCPV stands as an exemplary molecular instrument to elucidate the interplay between polarity and viscosity, facilitating the exploration of the interrelation in the cellular microenvironment during apoptosis.

Controllable 1,4-Palladium Aryl to Aryl Migration in Fused Systems─Application to the Synthesis of Azaborole Multihelicenes.

Herein, we report the first 1,4-Pd aryl to aryl migration/Miyaura borylation tandem reaction in fused systems. The Pd shift occurred in the bay region of the dibenzo[g,p]chrysene building blocks, giving rise to a thermodynamically controlled mixture of 1,8- and 1,9-borylated compounds that allowed the preparation of regioisomeric azaborole multihelicenes from the same starting material. The outcome of this synthesis can be controlled by the choice of reaction conditions, allowing the migration process to be turned off in the absence of an acetate additive and the target multiheterohelicenes to be prepared in a regioselective manner. The target compounds show bright green fluorescence in dichloromethane with emission quantum yields (Φ) of up to 0.29, |glum| values up to 2.7 × 10-3, and green or green-yellow emission in the solid state, reaching Φ of 0.22. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses gave insight into their molecular structures and the packing arrangement. Evaluation of aromaticity in these multihelicenes revealed a nonaromatic character of the 2H-1,2-azaborole constituent rings.

TDDFT elucidating the PET-Inhibition Mediated fluorescence enhancement in a Cysteine probe

TDDFT has been used to confirm the cysteine-sensing mechanism of a reported fluorescent probe (Talanta, 2020, 220, 12136). Frontier molecular orbital analysis showed that the probe underwent a PET process from quinazolinone to acryloyl, which made the fluorescence quenched together with nonplanar structure. Cysteine removed the acryloyl moiety and inhibited the PET process. The planar geometry of the probe-cysteine product enlarged the conjugated system and enhanced the green fluorescence of the fluorophore. Moreover, the charge redistribution also led to the excited-state proton transfer process, ultimately enhanced the fluorescence intensity and a notable Stocks shift.

Indocyanine green fluorescence identification of the intersegmental plane by the target segmental vein-first single-blocking during thoracoscopic segmentectomy

BackgroundInnovative attempt to explore the feasibility and accuracy of using indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF) to identify the intersegmental plane by the target segmental veins preferential ligation during thoracoscopic segmentectomy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 32 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic segmentectomy with intersegmental plane identification using both ICGF and inflation-deflation method after target segmental veins prioritized blocking at Nanjing Chest Hospital from December 2022 to June 2023. Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction was used to identify the target segment and the anatomical structure of the arteries, veins, and bronchi. After ligating the target segmental veins during surgery, the first intersegmental plane was immediately identified and marked with an electrocoagulation device using an inflation-deflation method. Subsequently, the second intersegmental plane was determined using the ICGF method. Finally, the consistency of the two intersegmental planes was evaluated.ResultsAll the 32 patients successfully completed thoracoscopic segmentectomy without ICG-related complications and perioperative death. The average operation time was (98.59 ± 20.72) min, the average intraoperative blood loss was (45.31 ± 35.65) ml, and the average postoperative chest tube removal time was (3.5 ± 1.16) days. The average postoperative hospital stay was (4.66 ± 1.29) days, and the average tumor margin width was (26.96 ± 5.86) mm. The intersegmental plane determined by ICGF method was basically consistent with inflation-deflation method in all patients.ConclusionThe ICGF can safely and accurately identify the intersegmental plane by target segmental veins preferential ligation during thoracoscopic segmentectomy, which is a beneficial exploration and important supplement to the simplified thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy.

Fluorescence detection of superoxide anion with CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots in aqueous media

Among reactive oxygen species, the superoxide radical anion (O2−) is of particular interest due to its involvement in oxidative stress-related diseases and environmental pollutants. Through solution-phase strategy mediated by ligands, colloidal spherical and water-stable perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) were fabricated by functionalizing with D-tartaric acid (D-TA) (namely, CsPbBr3@D-TA PQDs), exhibiting exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield of 29.88 % and intense emission peak at 522 nm when excited at 380 nm. The as-fabricated CsPbBr3@D-TA PQDs showed strong durability and displayed bright green fluorescence when exposed to 365 nm UV radiation. The emission peak of CsPbBr3 PQDs at 522 nm was completely quenched by O2−, showing wider linear range from 0.125 to 25 µM with a detection limit of 39.82 nM. Moreover, CsPbBr3@D-TA PQDs were also applied for bio-imaging of yeast cells. The CsPbBr3@D-TA PQDs-based fluorescence approach holds great potential for sensing of O2− in real samples.