Green Eyes Research Articles

Main pigmentary features andmelanocortin 1 receptor(MC1R) gene polymorphisms in the population of the Canary Islands

Sun exposure, light skin pigmentation, and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants are independent risk factors for skin cancer. The Canary Islands have a sunny and temperate climate, but data regarding the phenotypic and genotypic risk factors among the population are lacking. The main phenotypic features (skin color, hair color, eye color, and freckling) of 5116 healthy individuals are described. The genotypic findings of six MC1R gene variants (V60L, D84E, R150C, R160W, R163Q, and T314T) in 116 healthy individuals from a population-based cohort with at least three generations of Canary Islands' ancestry are evaluated. The variants were analyzed by SNaPshot. Fifty per cent of the population showed at least one phenotypic risk factor (fair skin, 34.3%; freckling, 17.4%; green or blue eyes, 16.8%; red or blonde hair, 7.8%), although brown skin (65.7%), dark eyes (83.2%), and dark hair (92.2%) prevailed. Forty-three per cent of the individuals showed at least one of the MC1R variants studied. Allelic frequencies for V60L, D84E, R150C, R160W, R163Q, and T314T were 9.1%, 1.7%, 3.0%, 0.8%, 3.0%, and 8.2%, respectively. A significant proportion of the population showed risk factors for skin cancer. The inhabitants of the Canary Islands are phenotypically and genotypically close to Mediterranean populations.

Warning: Side Effects May Include Distorted Vision

Warning: Side Effects May Include Distorted Vision

Don't Mention It

Don't Mention It

A new red-eyed Gekko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand

A new species of gekkonid lizard, Gekko nutaphandi, is described from Kanchanaburi Province in central western Thailand. It is a member of the large-bodied Gekko gecko group and within this group is probably most closely related to G. siamensis Grossmann & Ulber, 1990 with which it shares a similar dorsal pattern of transverse series of white spots on a drab background. It differs from G. siamensis in its greater number of precloacal pores, lower number of dorsal tubercle rows, and in having red (versus green) eyes. Comparisons are also made with several other nominal Gekko species currently synonymized with G. gecko and with undescribed, but well-characterized “forms” of G. gecko. The new species is one of many recently described Southeast Asian geckos that appears to be restricted to limestone habitats and their surroundings.

Human ‘coat colour’ genetics

Human ‘coat colour’ genetics

Appearance of melanocytic nevi on the backs of young Australian children: a 7-year longitudinal study

To determine the rate of appearance of nevi in a cohort of children between ages 6 and 12 years. The number of nevi has been established as the strongest known risk factor for melanoma, but whether the rate at which nevi appear during childhood varies by age is not well understood. The study involved analysis of nevus development over time in a cohort of 640 Western Australian school children who formed the control group in the Kidskin intervention trial. Children were assessed at ages 6, 10 and 12 years, with nevi on the back counted from photographs. The changes in both number and density of nevi between ages 6 and 12 years were linear with respect to age. The number and density of nevi increased at a greater rate for boys compared with girls; for children with blue, hazel and green eyes compared with those with brown eyes; for blonde versus dark haired children and for children with heavy freckling compared with those with no freckles. In conclusion, further research is needed to determine whether the linear increase in nevi continues into adolescence. If so, it suggests that skin cancer prevention campaigns should target older children and adolescents as well as younger children. Longitudinal studies have important advantages over cross-sectional studies in the description of nevus development with age, and should be the preferred study design.

Significance of glutathione S-transferases M1, T1 and P1 polymorphisms in Swedish melanoma patients

Polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 were examined in melanoma patients and tumor-free individuals. Relationships between the polymorphisms and tumor characteristics and pigment phenotypes of the patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference in GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes nor GSTP1 GG genotype between melanoma patients and controls. In melanoma patients, these polymorphisms were not correlated with early or later onset of melanomas or gender of the patients. Frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was higher in patients with melanoma >2.5 mm than in those with tumors <1.0 mm, and higher frequency was found in nodular melanoma than in the other tumor types. GSTP1 GG genotype was more often found in the patients with brown and mixed eye color or brown and black hair than those with blue and green eyes or blond hair. It is unlikely that polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 are general risk factors for melanoma in the Swedish population. GSTM1 null genotype was correlated with Breslow thickness and tumor type, which might serve as an additional biomarker for a rapid tumor progression. GSTP1 GG increases risk for melanoma in the subgroup of individuals with dark eyes or hair.

An Anatomical Study of the Visual Capabilities of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas

Several aspects of vision in juvenile and adult Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) are examined, with special reference to retinal anatomy such as oil droplet topography, transmission electron microscopy of photoreceptors, spectral transmission measurements of the ocular media (cornea, lens, and vitreous humor), and measurements of focal length and optical sensitivity. A detailed study of the distribution of the different color classes of oil droplets shows that all oil droplets are found in high concentrations (>1000 mm−2) in the central/temporal parts of the retina. Red oil droplets were the largest, followed by yellow and clear. Oil droplet size varied in different parts of the retina. On average, red oil droplets were found in fewer numbers compared to yellow and clear oil droplets. Two types of clear oil droplets were identified: those that fluoresced under UV illumination and those that did not. We found that the majority (78.5%) of colorless oil droplets fluoresced when viewed under UV light. Spectral transmission measurements of the ocular media show that wavelengths to approximately 325 nm are transmitted. This may suggest ultraviolet (UV) vision in Green Turtles. The optical sensitivity of the Green Turtle eye was relatively low, suggesting an adaptation to high light intensities commonly experienced by this species.

Distribution and population structure of the Chlorophthalmus agassizi (Bonaparte, 1840) on an unexploited fishing ground in the Greek Ionian Sea

Summary The distribution and population structure of the shortnose green eye, Chlorophthalmus agassizi, were studied in the Greek Ionian Sea using data collected during experimental trawl surveys carried out from December 1996 to November 1997. The length–frequency distribution ranged between 45 and 201 mm total length (TL). The significant increase in average size linked with depth has been observed, supporting the general bigger-deeper phenomenon. Specifically, 1528 individuals were measured in the 300–400 m depth zone with a mean TL ¼ 101 mm, 2351 individuals in the 400–500 m depth zone with a mean TL ¼ 132 mm and 1889 individuals in the 500–600 depth zone with a mean TL ¼ 145 mm. Age and growth of the population were determined by otolith readings. Twelve age groups were identified. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) parameters were L¥ ¼ 202.22 mm, K ¼ 0.20 and to ¼ )1.6 years. Natural mortality was estimated at 0.285 per year, while total mortality was estimated at 0.65. The reproductive period of C. agassizi extends from spring to autumn, with greater activity in the summer.

Influence of age, gender and iris color on mechanical and chemical sensitivity of the cornea and conjunctiva

The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of age, gender and iris color on the mechanical and chemical sensitivity of the cornea and the conjunctiva. In 57 healthy subjects (27 males, 30 females; ages between 23 and 71 years), sensory thresholds to mechanical and chemical stimulation were measured in the central cornea and the temporal conjunctiva using a Belmonte's gas esthesiometer. Mechanical stimulation consisted of warmed air pulses of 3s duration at different flow rates (40-200 ml/min). For chemical (acidic) stimulation, 3-s warmed gas pulses containing 10% to 80% CO(2) in air were applied, at a flow below mechanical threshold flow. Corneal and conjunctival thresholds to mechanical and chemical stimuli increased with age. Premenopausal women were more sensitive to corneal stimulation than men of similar ages but overall differences in mechanical and chemical threshold between men and women were not significant. Individuals with blue eyes had significantly lower corneal chemical thresholds than those with brown or green eyes. Multiple linear regression analysis evidenced that corneal mechanical threshold depends on age and iris color according to the equation 58.2 ml/min+1.3.(Age-23 years)-9.7 if blue eyes. For chemical threshold, the equation was 28.6%CO(2)+05.(Age-23 years)-12.5 if blue eyes. In the case of the conjunctiva, only age determined mechanical and chemical thresholds according to the equations: 78.2 ml/min+1.4.(Age-23 years) and 41.6%CO(2)+0.8.(Age-23 years), respectively. Therefore, normal values of mechanical and chemical thresholds of the cornea and conjunctiva measured with the Belmonte gas esthesiometer can be predicted according to age and iris color. Variations of sensitivity with age, iris color and gender may reflect differences in innervation density and neural responsiveness associated with the hormonal status.

'The Innocence in Her Beautiful Green Eyes': Speculations on Seduction and the 'Feminine' in the Australian News Media

It is a familiar refrain to describe journalism as, simply, story-telling (Manoff, 1986). The aim of this article, however, is to explore how that simple project turns complicated in a place like Australia, with its lingering anxieties of culture and identity (Gelder &amp; Jacobs, 1998, p.142). This article is a start to a longer study of the specific critical and cultural implications of contemporary journalism, practised in an 'unsettled' Australian postcolonial milieu. Here, the study makes some speculative observations of gender representation in long-running news stories about two women: Schapelle Corby and Lindy Chamberlain. My disciplinary background is cultural studies, not social sciences. The result here, therefore, is not a set of conclusions drawn from content analysis, as would be the case in a different kind of paper. I also want to lend support to the discussion in journalism scholarship of the conundrum of 'objectivity' for journalistic practice in socio-political contexts where assumptions of 'objectivity' may, in fact, obscure journalism's public interest principle.

White

White Harrison Fletcher (bio) Cream With a cup of strong coffee and five packets of half-and-half, I can approximate the skin tone of the nine members of my mother's family. Milk I never see the shadow arc or the red carton flash, and even when the pint of Valley Gold milk explodes against the head of my wheat-haired friend, I'm late to understand what the Chicano means when he curses from the sidewalk outside my junior high cafeteria, "Shit. Missed that honky." Dough I watch my mother in the kitchen table glow of our Albuquerque home, rolling pin thumping, windows steamed, kneading flour, soda, and salt as effortlessly as the Spanish and English mingle on her tongue and rise into the griddle smoke. "¿De veras?" my grandmother asks. "Oh, sí," my mother replies. "Every word." I eat my tortillas hot and whole and plain, nourishing myself on the ingredients as if they really were my bread. Lard My mother has her own philosophy about beans. Instead of spooning in the traditional curl of Snowcap pig's fat, she adds bay leaves, olive oil, and [End Page 57] garlic. She cooks her pintos all day over a low gas flame, in a glass pot, until the broth bubbles a rich murky brown. When an aunt, a cousin, or a neighbor visits for supper, they always frown up from their first tablespoon sip, "Good. But different." To which my mother replies, "Exactly." Pearl During World War II, my mother lived in East Los Angeles, just before the "Zoot Suit Riots." From her apartment window, she watched pachucos strut up and down the boulevard in their shoulder-padded jackets, double-pleated trousers, and wide-brim hats, so proud, so defiant, as exotic to her as tropical birds, pulsing streaks of red, yellow, green, and blue, competing with the neon for attention. One summer, her uncle Gilo visited from her grandparents' ranch in Corrales. He was the baby in my mother's family, spoiled rotten because of his fair skin, blond hair, and green eyes, the image of his father, who always crowed about his Spanish blood. Gilo had never been to the big city. My mother took him to the corner market for an after-supper ice cream. They strolled hand in hand along the sidewalk, turning heads as they went, she in her schoolgirl plaids and he in his pearl-button shirt, Dorothy and the Scarecrow in the Land of Oz. On the way back, several pachucos blocked their path. "Orale," the biggest one said. "Where are you going, gringo?" The pachucos circled them. "Long way from the ranch, no?" The big one flicked off Gilo's hat. "Who do you think you are anyway? The Lone Ranger? Hi, ho Silver!" My mother backed away, turned to run. Gilo stammered, "Who are you calling gringo? My name's Perea." In Spanish, he told them he was visiting from New Mexico, and if they didn't believe him, he'd fetch one of his uncles. The pachucos fell over each other laughing. They punched Gilo's arm, messed up his hair, pinched his cheeks. They escorted Gilo and my mother all the way home. For the rest of his visit, they treated him like royalty, like a movie star, like an iridescent jewel. Egg Shell Ricky Sandoval pins me by the throat against the C-Building locker, combination lock spinning beside my head, and slaps me hard on one cheek, [End Page 58] then the other, until my composure cracks, my eyes water, and my face burns red. "See. That's all you need," he laughs, "a little color." Liquid Paper "We are in no way, shape, or form Mexican," my mother says. "Chicano?" I ask. "No," she laughs. "Spanish?" "No." "Then what do I say on my report?" "Don't say anything." "How about Irish? Like Dad." "He wasn't Irish. He was Scottish-French." "Wasn't your grandmother Italian? I thought that's where I got my red hair." "Your hair isn't red. It's auburn. Look, if you really want to know the truth, my family is Basque." "How do you spell it?" Aspirin...

Rapture

Two women are making love in a small cottage off an old mail road in the Virginia countryside. They are both blonde, but there is nine years' difference between them. The younger woman – Sandy – the one with green eyes, is an English graduate student in her twenties. The older, married woman – Phyllis – has blue eyes and is thirty-four. Their passion is filled with primal, innocent joy. It's as if a bubble trapped in mud since the beginning of time was only now bursting at the surface. Afterwards, they drift off to sleep in each other's arms. Outside a thick snow continues to fall. When the alarm rings, Sandy quickly shuts it off and settles back into the hush. "I was dreaming about my mother." "What did you dream?" Phyllis loves hearing Sandy's voice. It is low and warm and merry. She gives the most serious, yet light-hearted reality to words which Phyllis has unknowingly craved. It seems like a miracle that the heart-leaping enthusiasm she feels for Sandy – so shapeless and vast – actually has concrete expression in her friend's Southern way of saying: "darlin'" and "lo-ove" and "trew." "Well, darlin', let's see what I can remember. My aunt was saying to Momma . . ." "Say the names," Phyllis insists. She finds the characters and down home mise en scene delicious. If Sandy's story were a page of print, she'd eat it. "OK, honey. I was a little girl climbing up a tree, all the way to the very top branches. Aunt Pearl was saying to Grace that she was spoiling me . . . Oh boy, we better get started. I've got Doug's class in forty-five minutes." Sandy kisses Phyllis, then gets out of bed to dress. "People always told Momma she was spoiling me," she chuckles. "Grace let [End Page 42] me do exactly as I pleased anyway. I heard her saying it wasn't spoiling because I didn't want to do wrong." Sandy steps into a pleated skirt and a white blouse which are part of a set from Belk's. Phyllis fleetingly sees the raw girl from East Tennessee, the one whose A's uprooted her in high school and sent her to Chapel Hill. Now Sandy's winding up her Ph.D. at The University. She's grown too sophisticated to dress for success, but she knows what's stylish. The raw girl disappears inside a smart black jacket, a Ralph Lauren scarf, dark tights and expensive burgundy leather boots. Phyllis forces herself out from under the covers. She climbs into underwear and jeans and sweat shirt. She watches Sandy in the mirror as she swivels her freshly groomed hair in a spray of perfume. On the bureau below the mirror there are individual pictures of Sandy and Kent, her boyfriend. They met in their sixth grade year at Stonewall Jackson Elementary School. Though he is grinning broadly, Kent's eyelids droop in anticipation of the flash, and he looks like one of those 19th century photographs of dead babies. All of a sudden Phyllis's deepest anxieties start churning her stomach. "Honey, tell me what you feel. Tell me love is real." Sandy turns, holding an imaginary camera to her face. She focuses a lens. "Click," she says and reached out her arms. "I adore you. I just have to find some way to keep you, Darlin'." Phyllis rushes into Sandy's embrace and clings to her. Sandy gathers her in, reveling in her friend's surrender. Then, in another moment, Sandy has restored the room to its earlier neatness. Everything looks as it did when they walked in an hour before. She even places Kent's slippers – tossed akimbo when he dressed in a rush earlier this morning – side by side at the foot of the bed. Sandy shows a solicitude towards him that touches Phyllis whose well of domestic affection is too poisoned for such an overflow of kindness toward her husband. Doug...

In Pursuit of Feminist Postfeminism and the Blessings of Buttercup

In Pursuit of Feminist Postfeminism and the Blessings of Buttercup Teresa Hubel (bio) I'm pretty sure I'm not alone in thinking that the term "postfem-inism" is often and perhaps most frequently used—by the mainstream media generally and by actual people—as a kind of casual dismissal of feminism that comes implicitly coupled with the suggestion that the cutting-edge place to be these days, with regard to women, is the one where the old victim mentality has been sloughed off and a new flying-free-of-those-chains approach to gender in all its diversity and in all its equal opportunity has been boldly embraced. Given the terms of this unstated argument, any criticism of this postfeminism automatically slots the critic into the role of the relic, the leftover women's libber still fighting battles that no longer need to be fought. And who among us, standing in front of our students or our colleagues, wants to be seen to be so pathetically tilting at windmills? Only the bravest. Or the least self-conscious. Because this form of postfeminism works to keep women quiet about their structural complaints and teaches them to interpret those complaints as being of individual rather than collective origin, it works as another new face of patriarchy. To publicly and proudly claim feminism, then, is to do what our female feminist forerunners have done for us and for decades: it is to combat patriarchy. As Rudyard Kipling suggested in his famous [End Page 17] patrilineal legacy to his son, it is an act of courage to "keep your head when all about you/ Are losing theirs and blaming it on you" (578). I wish it were this simple. Raised in a world where individualist and masculine models like this one were valued, I've been conditioned to hunger after this role of the lone male hero fighting against great odds. I may have been born a female, but I want to die as Clint Eastwood or maybe Bruce Willis (or if not die at least ride off solitary and strong into the sunset). I tell my students to pay attention to this cross-culturally ubiquitous chosen-boy story, which has been reiterated so many times that it has become invisible as a narrative, some of its latest incarnations in the western world being found in the American film The Matrix and the English public-school adventures of Harry Potter. Strange how we never seem to get tired of certain stories and interpretations, while others, such as feminist understandings of the way the world works, are rendered tiresome after only a few renditions. Perhaps this has something to do with the fact, stunningly realized in the 1970s as the result of studies into mixed-sex and same-sex conversations, that, from certain male-centred perspectives, any talk from women is too much talk.1 When I was a younger feminist, I used to think that all I needed to do to free myself of patriarchal dictates was to stay vigilant and be aware of how such dictates were delivered, through which narratives, codes of normality, sets of values. Now I'm not as confident about any individual's capacity, including my own, to rescue herself from entrenched systems of oppression, and I'm far more respectful of their tenacity. So I'm prepared to forgive myself for lapsing into such a weirdly hybrid fantasy as this one about being a lone feminist yet still masculine hero. And, by the same token, I try to be patient when my students, particularly the women, make it clear that feminism is something they no longer need, given that the war's over and we've won, and now we're entering this new triumphant [End Page 18] stage of human history called postfeminism. I try not to be irritated or angry. Though I am. Often. I have a secret identity. It's Buttercup from the Power Puff Girls, the one with blazing green eyes whose image stares out at me from the coffee cup I'm holding as I write this. Her perpetual anger occasionally makes her misuse her power, smashing buildings and such instead of...

Connecting the Dots between Journalism Practice and Communication Scholarship

Walter Gieber's news writing class required a pre-enrollment typing test in 1968. hit a respectable 49 WPM (after deductions for typos and misspellings) and was typecast as appropriate as a San Francisco State College journalism major. Today, journalism and mass communication education continues to be type-cast, though rarely based anymore upon hand-eye coordination. Enlightened programs consider dexterity in libraries; the ability to access public records; and attributes drawn from a deep well of cultural, artistic, educational, civic, and scientific experience to be better predictors of success than typing talent. Not everyone is enlightened. A colleague in the sciences told me recently and in no uncertain terms that journalism students learn process. A minor in the earth sciences, my colleague said, would round out journalism education with substance. If by process she has in mind ways of knowing, an understanding of the lenses through which knowledge, fact, and belief are shaped and bent, proficiency in the crafts of the communication professions, more than a passing familiarity with the consequences of our work as writers, editors, visual producers, and teaching and research scholars, then so much the better. don't think, however, that that's the stereotype of journalism and mass communication education she has in mind. Nor is she alone among university colleagues in her perception of journalism and mass communication as a program of simple skill acquisition with little to draw on or offer from the realm of discovery and scholarship. The very nature and breadth of journalism and mass communication practice and instruction arouse an array of perceptions. Even insiders can have difficulty connecting the dots among the fields and disciplines our colleges, schools, and departments embrace. A short article in the 28 November 2004 Sunday NY Times illustrates the point. Business Week editor Steven B. Shepard was identified in a bylined story as CUNY's choice as founding dean of the newly announced CUNY graduate journalism program. Cross-town, Columbia University's prestigious graduate school of journalism had garnered significant attention when it added an optional two-year master's program for students who want to go deeper than a traditional one-year professional degree. The Times CUNY coverage raised the obvious questions: How will the schools compare? What type of program will CUNY offer? Columbia University president, Lee Bollinger, typecast two kinds of journalism school habitues. I think [Shepard] falls nicely between those who want training on the day-to-day aspects of journalism and the communication theory types, Bollinger said. think that know what Bollinger means in his first reference. Preparation for work at dailies-and weeklies, monthlies, and the continuous update demands of the Internet environment-benefits from knowledge and craft across several domains infused into a practice-based curriculum. The allusion to theory types is more difficult to parse. While most today accept the need for at least a line of connection between theory and practice, theory type continues to carry the vaguely disparaging aura present in references to others as type A, or in learning from a journal editor that your data analysis contains a type II error. The dotted line between theory and practice in this light isn't broken. It's illusory. Practice and theory don't connect when the connection is made grudgingly. But they should. Theory type is an old bugaboo. It used to fall within the rubric of green eye shades and chi squares. Real journalists wore green eye shades to filter out the harsh florescent lighting that hung above the city desk. They were tough, practical souls. They smoked and had contacts at police headquarters. They were smart like Rosalind Russell and Gary Grant in the Ben Hecht film classic HJS Girl Friday. They got the job done. Chi squares, by comparison, lacked useful experience, wore herringbone, and received enlightenment from a slide rule and a t-test. …

For Internet Knowledge, Should You Ask Ol’ Blue Eyes or the Brown‐Eyed Girl?

The digital divide is generally thought to arise from socio‐economic disparities. However, there is more to it. Eye colour is a factor. In this study, the 16 multiple‐choice item Internet Quiz was administered to 3,208 respondents in the Lower Mainland (Vancouver) of British Columbia, Canada. Blue and hazel‐eyed people knew significantly more about the Internet than green, grey or brown/black‐eyed people. However, when the effects of language‐spoken‐at‐home and socio‐economic status were controlled, brown/black‐eyed people scored about the same as people with green, hazel, blue or grey eyes. There are significant relationships between eye colour and Internet knowledge and further research is warranted. Work that suggests dark‐eyed people respond to colour and light‐eyed people to form appears relevant to the acquisition of Internet knowledge. En ce qui concerne les connaissances du réseau Internet, doit‐on interroger la fille aux yeux bleus ou la fille aux yeux bruns?. La division digitale semble généralement résulter de disparités socio‐économiques. Cependant, il y a plus que cela. La couleur des yeux est un facteur. Notre recherche, l’article 16 multiple‐choix Internet Quiz a été géré à 3.208 personnes sondées du Lower Mainland (Vancouver) de British Columbia, Canada. Les personnes aux yeux bleus et noisettes avaient des connaissances plus grandes du réseau Internet que celles aux yeux verts, gris ou bruns/noirs. Néanmoins, après avoir controllé les effets du langage parlé à la maison et la position socio‐économique, les personnes aux yeux bruns/noirs ont obtenu les mêmes résultats que les personnes aux yeux verts, noisettes, bleus ou gris. Il y a des rapports significants entre la couleur des yeux et les connaissances du réseau Internet. La poursuite de ces recherches est garantie. Un travail qui suggère que les personnes aux yeux de couleur foncée réagissent aux couleurs et que celles aux yeux de couleur claire réagissent aux formes semble avoir un rapport à l’acquisition des connaissances du réseau Internet. Internetwissen – sollten Sie besser das blau‐ oder das braunäugige Mädchen um Auskunft fragen?.Meist wird angenommen, dass die “digitale Kluft” aus sozioökonomischen Ungleichheiten herrührt. Jedoch, da gibt es noch andere Gründe: Auch die Augenfarbe ist ein Faktor. In dieser Studie wurde 3.208 Befragten das 16‐Multiple‐Choice Internet Quiz im Lower Mainland (Vancouver) in Britisch‐Columbia, Kanada, vorgelegt. Menschen mit blauen und braunen Augen wußten bedeutend mehr über das Internet, als grün‐, grau‐ oder braun‐schwarz‐ äugige Leute. Wenn jedoch der Einfluss der zuhause gesprochenen Sprache und der sozioökonomische Status in die Untersuchung mit einbezogen wurden, erzielten braun‐schwarzäugige Menschen etwa so viel Punkte, wie grün‐, braun‐, blau‐ oder grau‐äugige Menschen. Es gibt bedeutsame Beziehungen zwischen Augenfarbe und Internetwissen! Weitere Forschung ist gerechtfertigt. Möglicherweise ist es für den Erwerb von Internetwissen auch relevant, dass dunkeläugige Menschen eher auf Farben und helläugige Leute eher auf Formen ansprechen?

Risk factors for malignant melanoma in an Icelandic population sample

Objectives. To describe the constitutional risk factors for malignant melanoma and exposure to sunlight in a population sample in Iceland. Methods. Information on various risk factors for malignant melanoma was collected through mailed questionnaires sent to a random sample of the Icelandic population. The information collected was the first phase of a prospective study on malignant melanoma among aircrew members as compared to a population sample. Results. The overall participation rate was about 50%. Seven percent of women and six percent of men had red hair color. Blue or green eye color was reported among 89% of women and 87% of men. Sixteen percent of women aged 20 to 39 had used sun beds more than 100 times during their lifetime, while the corresponding figure was 12% for men of the same age. Younger age groups had more sunny vacations than the older age groups. The frequency of sunburn differed in the groups with reported different skin types according to Fitzpatrick classification. Conclusion. The high prevalence of sun bed usage among young women is concurrent with the increased incidence of malignant melanoma among young women registered in the nationwide cancer registry. Young people have more often used sun beds and taken sunny vacation than the older, indicating a changed behavior in the population.

New green eyes: First butterfly that's genetically modified

Science NewsVolume 165, Issue 11 p. 166-166 This Week New green eyes: First butterfly that's genetically modified Susan Milius, Susan MiliusSearch for more papers by this author Susan Milius, Susan MiliusSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 July 2009 https://doi.org/10.2307/4014972AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume165, Issue1113 March 2004Pages 166-166 RelatedInformation

Shahrazad is One of Us: Practical Narrative, Theoretical Discussion, and Feminist Discourse

Setting out to investigate the frame-story the Nights and its impact on Eastern and Western literature, I was unaware the wealth studies that have been published. They range from strictly philological research to postmodern literary studies. The former often include considerable reservations about the latter and their seemingly inflated interpretations details. For this reason, I have largely restricted myself to reconsidering previous theses and theories and will regroup different approaches as to content, form, or both while focusing on Shahrazâds different roles as heroine, narrator, and woman. Introduction Your name's really Sherazade? Yes. Really? It's it's so How can I put it? know who Sheherazade was? Yes. And that doesn't mean anything to you? No. You think you can be called Sherazade, just like No idea. He looked at her, standing the other side the high, round counter at the fast-food, unable to believe his eyes. And why not Aziyade? Who's that? A beautiful Turkish woman from Istanbul who Loti was in love with, a hundred years ago. Pierre Loti I've heard of. Not Aziyade. . Aziyade belonged to the harem an old Turk. was a young Circassian slave, converted to Islam. Why you telling me about this woman? She's got nothing to do with me. She had green eyes, like you. That's no reason. Sherazade was drinking her Coke out the can. wasn't listening any more. Julien Desrosiers went back to reading the small ads in Liberation. (Sebbar 1-2) Shahrazâd seems to be common property for Arabs and Europeans, natives and migrants, the educated and the uneducated alike. Beyond the diffusion Shahrazâd's own story and the repertoire her stories into many cultures, there is also evidence for their origins in many cultures. The collection known as Thousand and One Nights is the result a and ethnic meltingprocess (Walther 12), in which Indian and Persian elements blend (not to mention Greek, Egyptian, and Turkish). Against this multinational backdrop, the principle intertwined stories corresponds to Arab concepts adab by underlining the power the word and brilliant speech. Shahrazâd herself is a cultural amalgamate, for she speaks the Arabic language, bears a Persian name (meaning of noble appearance and/or origin), and employs an Indian narrative mode, the frame-story device. Moreover, it has repeatedly been pointed out that, long before Galland's French translation the Nights started its triumphant march through the Western world, its forerunners had already stimulated European and Judeo-Christian culture. The Sindbâd-cycle has been compared to Homer's Odyssey, and Shahrazâd has been considered-and refuted-to be a sister the biblical Esther (De Goeje; Cosquin), while the opening story the two kings Shariyâr and Shâhzamân has been believed a variation paradise lost and regained (Ghazoul 18). Whatever common grounds the Nights and the foundation myths Judeo-Christian culture may have, there is no doubt that before they were even translated into French, English, and German, the Nights made their mark on European literature, in particular on the literature Renaissance Italy (Walther 17; Littmann 359). In Europe and America as well as in the Near East, writers in the twentieth century (in fact more so than ever) still used the characters Shahrazâd's tales and her narrative mode as models for their own writings. With this in mind, Fedwa Malti-Douglas states: Were the Arabic Shahrazad to awaken, like some fairy tale princess, centuries after she first wove the stories in The Thousand and One Nights, she would undoubtedly be surprised by her numerous literary transformations (Shahrazad Feminist 40). Robert Irwin states that it is probably easier to specify the few Western or non-Arab authors who were not affected by the Nights (Irwin 358; Pinault 65-66) than to present a comprehensive list those who were-this list ranging from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Sir Walter Scott, and William Thackeray through Gustave Flaubert, Stendhal, and Gerard de Nerval to H. …

Popeia inornata , a New Species of Pitviper from West Malaysia (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae)

We describe a new species of green pitviper from Southeast Asia. This species is a member of the genus Popeia (formerly known as the Trimeresurus popeiorum complex), and is distinguished from congeners by a combination of morphological and molecular characters. These include the absence of a red lateral stripe in adult males, low ventral scale counts and green eye coloration in males and females, and five fixed nucleotide differences in a 720 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The new species is known only from the Cameron Highlands range in West Malaysia, where it was found between 1200 – 2000 m above sea level in or near undisturbed evergreen rainforest.