Green Energy Sources Research Articles

Economical, Innovative, or Ecological? What Are the Green Energy Users?

Green energy sources play a vital role in mitigating environmental impacts and reducing dependence on energy imports. Growing concerns over climate change, coupled with public policies promoting the expansion of green energy, have notably shaped consumer attitudes and behaviours. This study aims to address the knowledge gap by examining the impact of a sustainable lifestyle, consumer innovativeness, and economic attitudes on the intention to adopt green energy sources. The research was conducted on 580 Polish consumers using an online survey. The results of structural equation modelling revealed that pro-environmental self-identity (PESI) and consumer innovativeness (CI) have a positive impact on consumer behaviour toward green energy sources. Pro-environmental self-identity (PESI) is the strongest determinant of consumer behaviour toward green energy sources. Our research on Polish consumer behaviour could serve as a frame of reference for other countries, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. From a theoretical standpoint, this research enhances the understanding of pro-environmental self-identity (PESI) and its link to consumer innovativeness while also offering insights into consumer behaviour related to green energy sources, based on the experiences from the Polish market. The conclusions derived from this study may provide valuable guidance for managers and policymakers in formulating strategies to promote the adoption of green energy sources across Europe effectively.

Exploring the potential of biohydrogen as a sustainable energy solution for Pakistan: A review of production processes and policy challenges

Due to growing carbon dioxide emissions and the depletion of fossil-based energy sources, international studies have been focusing more intensely on developing hydrogen as a source of renewable energy. Biohydrogen is an exciting and green alternative energy source with various different benefits. Unlike traditional energy sources, biohydrogen production does not emit pollutants, making it a more environmentally friendly option. Biohydrogen generation, particularly from microalgae and other low-cost biomass feedstocks, so offers the dual benefit of delivering clean electricity while absorbing Carbon Dioxide. This research investigates the possibility of biohydrogen as a sustainable energy solution for Pakistan's climate issue. We examine the current state of biohydrogen generation technologies, such as dark fermentation, photo fermentation, bio photolysis, with a focus on their potential application in Pakistan. The study investigates global advances in biohydrogen research and their significance in Pakistan, demonstrating biohydrogen's potential contribution to Pakistan's energy independence and environmental targets, as well as the practical and policy-related challenges that must be addressed to advance biohydrogen energy generation and wider adoption.

Recent Progress in Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Focus on Transition and Rare-Earth Elements.

The demand for renewable energy sources has become more urgent due to climate change and environmental pollution. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in green energy sources. This article primarily explores the potential of using non-noble metals, such as transition and rare earth metals, to enhance the efficiency of the OER process. Due to their cost-effectiveness and unique electronic structure, these non-noble metals could be a game-changer in the field. 'Doping,' which is the process of adding a small amount of impurity to a material to alter its properties, and 'synergistic effects,' which refer to the combined effect of two or more elements that is greater than the sum of their individual effects, are two key concepts in this field. Transition and rare earth metals can reduce the overpotential, a measure of the excess potential required to drive a reaction, thus enhancing the OER process by engineering the electronic and surface molecular structure. This article summarizes the roles of various non-noble metals in the OER process and highlights opportunities for researchers to propose innovative ways to optimize the OER process.

Dynamic role of medium- and high-tech industries and environmental policy stringency in environmental sustainability: fresh insights from Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) analysis.

Since the last two decades, carbon neutrality has become a primary target of all economies. Governmental environmental policies stand as the most potent tools in the arsenal when it comes to tempering the effects of climate change. Fostering the adoption of green energy sources and embracing energy efficiency principles may assume an essential role in upholding the standard of ecological integrity. The primary objective of this inquiry revolves around the meticulous analysis of the intricate interplay between economic growth, the trajectory of industrialization, the up-gradation of industrial sector structure, the integration of green energy paradigms, and the implementation of energy efficiency strategies and environmental policies in the frame spanning from 2000 to 2019. To tackle the matter of cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity, second-generation cointegration estimators, Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG), were employed to estimate long-run relationships. The consequences of DSUR and AMG indicate that while economic and industrial growth contributes to environmental degradation, renewable energy usage, and medium-high-tech industries mitigate the carbon emissions in selected countries. Further study results suggest that energy intensity positively impacts environmental degradation, which means energy efficiency helps mitigate CO2 emissions in these countries. This study also reveals that the degree of stringency in environmental policy negatively affects CO2 releases in the selected nations. Consequently, our study recommends the enhancement of the stringency of environmental policies, promoting environmentally friendly energy usage, the efficient use of energy, and the advancement of industries into medium-high-tech industries as effective ways to mitigate climate change in specific developing countries.

AI-Assisted Automated Identification of Human Activities Using Ficus religiosa Leaf-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Movement monitoring and effective identification of different actions are the keys that help in fitness services, health status, clinical studies, etc. In this technological era, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, including smart wireless devices and sensors, are very effectively used for monitoring human activities, but the demand for sustainable and green power sources is a crucial issue with these devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are proven to be promising applications in these devices because they harvest energy from the surrounding environment and eliminate the use of batteries as power sources. As a green energy source, this study emphasizes the fabrication of biodegradable materials-based TENGs, which are eco-friendly and are related to clean and green energy as per the UN's sustainable development goals SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy). In the present work, a natural Ficus religiosa leaf (FRL) of the F. religiosa tree is used in designing and fabricating a TENG (FRL-TENG). Also, an approach is discussed to compare the performance of FRL-TENG with TENGs fabricated from other waste biodegradable materials such as garlic tunic, onion tunic, and eggshell membrane (ESM). During the experimental study, it is observed that the FRL-based TENG produced maximum voltage in comparison to other material combinations selected in this study. The generated electric output from these TENG combinations is also used to power an array of tens of green-light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, this paper also proposes the use of FRL-TENG as a wearable sensor to collect information and monitor the physical activities of the user, viz., walk, jump, and run. To recognize the movement status, the FRL-TENG sensor is integrated with an extra randomized tree-based machine learning model for accurately distinguishing the user's three activities with an accuracy of 96%. The work showcases an innovative approach to encourage customized uses of TENG sensors in human motion monitoring and permits the development of intelligent, self-powered systems for new applications.

Exploring the influence of green growth and energy sources on “carbon-dioxide emissions”: implications for climate change mitigation

Climate change is a global concern driven by greenhouse gas emissions. Bangladesh, being densely populated and a significant carbon emitter, must urgently reduce its “carbon-dioxide emissions”. The primary objectives of this research are to meticulously examine the impact of green growth, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, and technological innovations on carbon dioxide emissions in Bangladesh from 1990 to 2020, with the goal of informing policies for effective and sustainable climate change mitigation in Bangladesh. The analysis using advanced econometric methods, including autoregressive distributed lag, fully modified ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegration regression, reveals that green growth and technological innovations have adverse long-term but positive short-term effects on carbon emissions in Bangladesh. Additionally, it is noteworthy that both non-renewable and renewable energy sources significantly contribute to long-term and short-term carbon emissions. The study confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve, showing a “∩” shaped relationship between green development and carbon emissions. Policymakers should prioritize green growth, incentivize technological innovation, promote sustainable economic practices, and implement comprehensive energy transition strategies. The insights from this study inform policy formulation to address the complex relationships between green growth, energy sources, and carbon-dioxide emissions for sustainable climate change mitigation in Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s efforts contribute to global emission reduction and foster a resilient future.

Advances in Two-Electron Water Oxidation Reaction for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Catalyst Design and Interface Engineering.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a versatile and zero-emission material that is widely used in the industrial, domestic, and healthcare sectors. It is clear that it plays a critical role in advancing environmental sustainability, acting as a green energy source, and protecting human health. Conventional production techniques focused on anthraquinone oxidation, however, electrocatalytic synthesis has arisen as a means of utilizing renewable energy sources in conjunction with available resources like oxygen and water. These strides represent a substantial change toward more environmentally and energy-friendly H2O2 manufacturing techniques that are in line with current environmental and energy goals. This work reviews recent advances in two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e-WOR) electrocatalysts, including design principles and reaction mechanisms, examines catalyst design alternatives and experimental characterization techniques, proposes standardized assessment criteria, investigates the impact of the interfacial milieu on the reaction, and discusses the value of in situ characterization and molecular dynamics simulations as a supplement to traditional experimental techniques and theoretical simulations, as shown in Figure 1. The review also emphasizes the importance of device design, interface, and surface engineering in improving the production of H2O2. Through adjustments to the chemical microenvironment, catalysts can demonstrate improved performance, opening the door for commercial applications that are scalable through tandem cell development.

The influence of renewable energy and financial development on testing the environmental Kuznets curve in Lebanon: ARDL approach

This study considers the impacts of financial development and the consumption of renewable energy in Lebanon for the period 1990–2021, employing the Environmental Kuznets Curve. The financial sector in Lebanon is considered a major engine in the economic development. Green energy sources and environmental protection are taking higher importance nowadays with the increase of implications for climate change and global warming worldwide. This paper examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve’s presence and implications for Lebanon’s financial development and renewable energy consumption. The econometric model used annual data from the World Development Indicators. Utilizing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique, both near- and long-term relationships were estimated. The findings support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis and show that energy consumption and real income have a statistically significant beneficial effect on carbon emissions and that their square has a statistically significant negative impact on carbon emissions over the long and short term. The results show variations in signs for financial development between the short and long term and stable results for renewable energy with negative signs in both terms. These results show the importance of further research on the influence of financial development and green energy consumption on EKC. Therefore, policymakers need to pay more attention to these variables for a sustainable economy that is facing the effects of climate change.

Assess the Economic and Environmental Impacts of the Energy Transition in Selected Asian Economies

Energy transition and green innovation have appeared as new hopes for environmental impact due to human activity, which has destroyed biodiversity and increased environmental degradation. Therefore, developed and emerging economies are focusing on green innovation and energy transition to tackle the environmental impact. Thus, this study was initiated to provoke a meaningful relationship between energy transition, economic growth, trade, green innovation, and good governance to measure the role of concerning factors in achieving environmental sustainability. For this objective, dynamic econometric approaches such as cointegration, heteroskedastic OLS estimation using GMM (HOLS-GMM), AMG, and Driscoll–Kraay were implemented to estimate the Asian dataset between 1990 and 2022. The result indicates that concerning factors have a significant influence on environmental impact. The findings specify that a 1% rise in the energy transition and green innovation will influence the environment by 0.0517% and 3.051%, respectively. Further, AMG and Driscoll–Kraay validate the findings of HOLS-GMM. The robust tests indicate that the factors, which are concerning, significantly impact environmental sustainability. Consequently, the energy transition, trade, and green innovation significantly contribute to attaining ecological sustainability in the long term, and the Sustainable Development Theory prevails in the economy. Thus, innovative policy implications, including energy transition, green innovation, trade, and economic growth, are required to make Asia prominent in achieving environmental sustainability via implementing sustainable and green technologies and clean energy sources.

Achieving carbon neutrality and SDGs: assessing roles of solar energy, government stability, and population aging in greenhouse gas emissions

ABSTRACT In recent years, solar energy (SOE) has become a popular source of green energy that can stimulate energy transition, reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGE), and mitigate global warming. In addition, population aging and government stability can also influence GHGE levels. However, there is a lack of research studies on the environmental impacts of SOE and population aging on GHGE in top emitters. Therefore, this research aims to unveil the heterogeneous effects of SOE, population aging, and government stability on GHGE in top emitters from 1992 to 2020. This study employed the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) because it can focus on the entire distribution of GHGE disclosing heterogeneous impacts of variables on GHGE. The outcomes of the study disclosed that population aging decreases the GHGE across all quantiles. However, government stability exacerbates GHGE with a slightly decreasing trend across all percentiles. SOE, however, reduces the GHGE only at the higher quantiles, while on lower quantiles, it is positively linked with the GHGE. It shows the usefulness of SOE in reducing GHGE in countries with higher emissions. Economic growth has a positive impact on GHGE, with this impact intensifying from lower to upper percentiles. This indicates that economic development exacerbates environmental deterioration, and therefore, higher GHGE and increased development are closely linked. The study did not notice any significant impact of financial globalization on GHGE. Based on the findings, a policy framework is proposed to reduce GHGE for achieving carbon neutrality and SDGs.

The Economic Shockwaves of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Energy Sources Prices – The Impact on International Energy Markets

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has raised concerns regarding the stability of the global energy sector, considering that Russia is a big player in the industry, producing and exporting crude oil and natural gas globally. This study aimed to empirically investigate the impact of the conflict on the prices of energy sources in international markets. The analysis was conducted using secondary data. The data was for prices of various commodity products, including diesel, petroleum, natural gas, and crude oil. The data was collected on multiple international markets for periods from January 1, 2021 to November 30, 2023. The analysis was conducted using trend analysis and event study. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) was adopted to run the event study analysis. The results indicated that immediately after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, major energy products such as US crude oil, European crude oil, and the global energy index experienced a sharp rise in price, followed by significant price volatility over the following up to seven months. The review of OPEC energy prices also indicated an increase in prices, and volatility was experienced in countries producing and exporting oil products. The event study further revealed that there was a sharp increasing trend immediately after the event date and an upward trend for more than ten months after the event, resulting in the highest prices recorded in the event window. The study suggested three policy implications - conflict should serve as a wake-up call on diversification of energy sources, investment in alternative, sustainable and green sources of energy to reduce the dependence on oil, and promotion of international cooperation on energy security.

Visible-light-mediated flow protocol for Achmatowicz rearrangement.

The batch processes of APIs/pharmaceutical synthesis are prone to suffer significant limitations, including longer process time, shortage of skilled manpower, laborious post-synthetic work-up, etc. To address the inherent limitations of batch processes, a novel approach was undertaken, resulting in the establishment and development of a visible light-assisted modular photo-flow reactor with a seamlessly integrated post-synthetic work-up procedure enabling the efficient synthesis of dihydropyranones from furfuryl alcohols. The reaction uses sun light as green energy source, and the novel photo-flow reactor platform developed with an integrated system enabling a downstream process in a time and labor-efficient manner which facilitates the Achmatowicz rearrangement, resulting in a fast (10 min) formation of the dihydropyranone products.

A novel technique to detect and mitigate harmonic during islanding in grid connected PV system

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the power grid has become increasingly prevalent, providing sustainable and renewable energy solutions. However, the occurrence of islanding events, where a portion of the PV system operates independently from the main grid, presents challenges in maintaining power quality. This research paper investigates the harmonic distortions during islanding in grid-connected PV systems and proposes effective mitigation strategies. The study employs advanced simulation tools to analyse the dynamic behavior of the PV system during islanding scenarios, focusing on the occurrence and characteristics of harmonics. A detailed investigation into the root causes of harmonic distortions is conducted, considering factors such as grid fluctuations, inverter operation, and system impedance. Based on the findings, this paper introduces novel harmonic mitigation techniques tailored for islanding conditions. These techniques encompass advanced control algorithms, filter designs, and modulation strategies to suppress harmonics and enhance the overall system performance during islanded operation. Comparative assessments of different mitigation approaches are presented, evaluating their effectiveness in minimizing harmonic distortions and maintaining grid code compliance. The research contributes valuable insights to the field of grid-connected PV systems, offering a comprehensive understanding of harmonic issues during islanding events and proposing innovative solutions for their mitigation. The outcomes of this study are crucial for advancing the reliability, stability, and power quality of PV systems that are connected to the grid, which makes it possible for green energy sources to be added to the grid without any problems.

Quad-Band Rectifier Circuit Design for IoT Applications

In this work, a novel quad-band rectifier circuit is introduced for RF energy harvesting and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed rectifier operates in the Wi-Fi frequency band and can supply low-power sensors and systems used in IoT services. The circuit operates at 2.4, 3.5, 5, and 5.8 GHz. The proposed RF-to-DC rectifier is designed based on Delon theory and Greinacher topology on an RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The results show that our proposed circuit can harvest RF energy from the environment, providing maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) greater than 81% when the output load is 0.511 kΩ and the input power is 12 dBm. In this work, we provide a comprehensive design framework for an affordable RF-to-DC rectifier. Our circuit performs better than similar designs in the literature. This rectifier could be integrated into an IoT node to harvest RF energy, thereby proving a green energy source. The IoT node can operate at various frequencies.

Recognizing social forestry's role in bioenergy optimization through geospatial fuzzy-multicriteria analysis

Current bioenergy development has emphasized on degraded land, since the sustainability of bioenergy in the forest sector remains a subject of debate related with emissions and deforestation risk. Thus, this study aims to open new perspectives of how degraded land and social forestry can be potentially combined to significantly impact the energy transition and environmental-societal enhancement. Considering sustainability of Bali as a small island with its unique customary governance structure, a model of biomass energy optimization using geospatial fuzzy-multicriteria analysis was developed to select potential green energy source sites. Firstly, potential degraded land and social forestry were mapped to identify potential feedstock, then normalized using Euclidian Distance and Fuzzy Logic based on identified five sustainability criteria. They are availability of raw material, road, port, transmission, and demand proximities. Meanwhile, using identified three restriction criteria, i.e. protected area, slope and land-use restrictions, a restriction map was developed. The two maps were then integrated using Geospatial-based multicriteria analysis, fuzzy logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting method, to further identify potential green energy source map. The integration shown a significant increase of 60 % in land availability for bioenergy development. Results of study recognized potential 36,527 ha of degraded land; 21,671 ha of social forestry; and 40 optimal locations for bioenergy facilities, considering various spatial and temporal criteria. To conclude, the identified 120 social forestry sites in Bali involving 78,385 household provide opportunity to a community based socio-economic coupled with revitalizing environment efforts, which lead to massive net zero emissions community participation. Further, the integration of social forestry and degraded land should be highly recommended to policy maker in bioenergy development.

Perovskite/cobalt-based metal-organic framework hybrid promotes hydrogen production from oilfield wastewater electrolysis

Hydrogen has been recognized as a new green energy source. However, in regions where fresh water is scarce, research on the use of complex water systems, such as seawater and oilfield wastewater, to produce hydrogen by electrolysis instead of fresh water has become a pressing issue. In this paper, a low-cost and easy-to-synthesized hybrid catalyst composed of perovskite oxide SrCo0.7Fe0.3O3-δ (SCF) and cobalt-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) were synthesized using a simple and feasible in-situ coprecipitation method and exhibited excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in oilfield wastewater. The improvement of activity can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the two materials, which have more concentration of oxygen vacancies and more HER active sites due to Co ion migration. This work provides a practical approach to enhance HER activity in complex water systems by constructing spatial composite structures.

Energy Transition to Green Energy Sources – Role of Socioeconomic Disparities and Administrative Policies

This study establishes the policy structure needed for achieving an energy transition in accordance with the goals of the COP26 Summit, taking into consideration disparities in socioeconomic status and the efficacy of regulations. We suggest a newly created energy transition index. It is a hypothesis-based output measure that employs the energy steps. By including (a) the shift to a green energy source and (b) the shift to more effective sources, the index makes it possible to understand the energy transition possibility in all countries. We examine the dynamic and absolute marginal consequences of energy transition factors on parameter estimations by applying the two-step System GMM method and data from 37 OECD countries between 2001 and 2022. The findings demonstrate that energy transition factors have less of an effect due to economic and social inequalities, but effective governance can increase those effects. Consistent with a scenario-based policy-development methodology, the results contribute significantly to the advancement of prospective policy discussions. Focusing on the completion of SDGs 7 and 13 they have significant real-world consequences for the creation of the SDG-oriented policy structure.

Optimal Control Strategy for Power Management Control of an Independent Photovoltaic, Wind Turbine, Battery System with Diesel Generator

The need for a greater supply of energy from sustainable sources is growing because of increasing energy prices, concerns about nuclear power, climate change, and power grid disruptions. This research offers a method for the balance of power management of a combination of multi-source DC and AC supplier systems that enables sources of clean energy based on an independent grid to function economically and with the highest levels of system predictability and stability possible. The DC microgrid's hybrid generation source consists of a diesel power source, wind, photovoltaic (PV) power, and a battery bank. The energy system can fulfill the load demand for electricity at any moment by connecting various renewable sources. It can function both off and on the grid. The microgrid may occasionally not be able to provide sufficient electricity, while every green energy source's electricity contribution is based on how its supply varies and how much power is needed to meet demand. As a result, a diesel generator is required as additional backup power, particularly while operating off-grid. This paper designs and implements an MPPT technique for a PV system based on the GWO algorithm. By creating PWM pulses in response to variations in the PV panel voltage, this method modifies the converter's duty cycle, while wind turbines using MPPT based on P&O, to get the most out of hybrid energy sources that are renewable while simultaneously enhancing the quality of power. The priority sources of electricity for the grid are photovoltaics and wind power. Based on the results of simulations and experiments, the proposed control method for DC, which uses the MPPT approach, can dynamically switch between all of the system's various modes of operation, independent of the battery's condition or environment, ensuring safe operation and constant bus voltage. An analysis was conducted on the suggested system's performance. It has been noted that compared to the conventional approaches, the suggested GWO-based MPPT methodology is quicker and produces fewer MPP oscillations. It offers a more effective reaction to quickly shifting atmospheric conditions. Results of simulation for the recommended control scheme with MATLAB/Simulink.

Levels of Renewable Energy Use in Selected European Union Countries – Statistical Assessment of Changes and Prospects for Development

The search for and use of green energy sources is an important course of action for the European Union (EU). The paper compares the 13 EU countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 and afterwards in terms of the level of renewable energy use. The primary indicator used to assess the use of renewable energy sources (RES) was the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption from 2007 to 2021. Statistical data were sourced from the Eurostat database. The results of the study confirm that between 2007 and 2021, there were positive changes in the use of renewable energy in most of the countries. The prospects for renewable energy development in these countries were assessed by constructing forecasts of the indicator concerning the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption for 2022–2024. For most of the countries, the forecasts were highly and sufficiently precise, meaning the countries have a chance of meeting the RES targets set out in EU directives.

A Self-Powered Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Utilizing Bimetallic Nanoparticle Composites Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes as Cathode.

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFC) are promising sources of green energy owing to the benefits of using renewable biofuels, eco-friendly biocatalysts, and moderate operating conditions. In this study, a simple and effective EBFC was presented using an enzymatic composite material-based anode and a nonenzymatic bimetallic nanoparticle-based cathode respectively. The anode was constructed from a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and ferrocene (Fc) as a conductive layer coupled with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) as a sensitive detection layer for glucose. A chitosan layer was also applied to the electrode as a protective layer to complete the composite anode. Chronoamperometry (CA) results show that the MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE electrode has a linear relationship between current and glucose concentration, which varied from 1 to 10mM. The LOD and LOQ were calculated for anode as 0.26mM and 0.87mM glucose, respectively. Also the sensitivity of the proposed sensor was calculated as 25.71 A/mM. Moreover, the studies of some potential interferants show that there is no significant interference for anode in the determination of glucose except ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and dopamine (DA). On the other hand, the cathode consisted of a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Nps) which exhibit excellent conductivity and electron transfer rate for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The constructed EBFC was optimized and characterized using various electroanalytical techniques. The EBFC consisting of MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE anode and Pt-PdNps/PGE cathode exhibits an open circuit potential of 285.0mV and a maximum power density of 32.25µWcm-2 under optimized conditions. The results show that the proposed EBFC consisting of an enzymatic composite-based anode and bimetallic nanozyme-based cathode is a unique design and a promising candidate for detecting glucose while harvesting power from glucose-containing natural or artificial fluids.