Green Cosmetics Research Articles

New antioxidant lauryl-free herbal shampoo formulation with a Brazilian plant extract.

Sodium lauryl sulfate is the main cleaning ingredient in shampoos, even though it may be potentially damaging to hair. The demand for antioxidant-rich cosmetics, on the other hand, has encouraged green cosmetics research. Brazil has vast biodiversity that can be exploited for the production of these cosmetics. This work aimed to develop a minimalist antioxidant lauryl-free shampoo formulation with leaf extracts from the Brazilian plant Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Two hydroethanolic extracts were prepared using different extraction methods, Soxhlet, and ultrasound. The extracts were characterized by the presence of saponins, polyphenol quantification, and HLPC chemical identification of the compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. The antioxidant lauryl-free shampoo was developed using hydroxyethyl cellulose with two concentrations of leaf extract obtained by Soxhlet, 0.125 mg/g (XP1) and 0.250 mg/g (XP2). Along with the antioxidant activity, the physical and chemical properties, cleaning potential, and foam quality were evaluated. The Soxhlet leaf extract revealed a more favorable chemical profile, including a positive result for saponins, as well as a larger quantity of polyphenols and increased antioxidant activity. The XP2 formulation showed better foam height, dirt dispersion, and antioxidant activity. Thus, the use of mangabeira leaf extract appears to be promising for the development of shampoos with antioxidant activity.

The Effect of Attitude in Mediating Environmental Knowledge towards the Purchase Intention of Green Cosmetic Product

The existence of public awareness of environmental preservation today, makes many companies, especially cosmetics, try to put forward the ecological aspects and raise environmental issues as one of their marketing strategies. This study aims to explain attitudes and environmental knowledge in determining the purchase intention of a green cosmetic product. This study uses a purposive sampling technique for determining samples. The samples used were 100 people, all consumers who had never bought green cosmetic products domiciled in Denpasar City. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive analysis and PLS. The results found that environmental knowledge and attitudes had a positive and significant effect on purchase intentions. Furthermore, the attitude mediates a portion of environmental knowledge towards the purchase intention of a green cosmetic product. Therefore, it was expected the consumer who already have knowledge of the environment has the potential to become customers for green cosmetics producers. In addition, the companies need to increase the intention of potential consumers to switch to green cosmetics products by highlighting the added value of consumption of green products and further research can add construct alternatives that affect the purchase intention of green cosmetics products such as environmental awareness and increase references related to this study.

Do green women influencers spur sustainable consumption patterns? Descriptive evidences from social media influencers

PurposeThe adoption of digitalization and sustainability is key phenomenon that has changed perception and behaviors of people recently. As there is a rising power of digital communication by social media platforms, there is higher interaction between people globally. In addition, consumers can influence each other to adopt new consumption pattern. At this point, this paper aims to examine the role of green women influencers on promoting sustainable consumption patterns via social media platforms.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed qualitative research method. The study included four top-lists for green/sustainable social media influencers as a sample case. Then, the data were analyzed by descriptive content analysis. To determine the role of green women influencers in sustainable consumption, this study used classification and categorization technique through descriptive content analysis.FindingsThe study indicates that green women are seen as a primary social media influencer because of promoting sustainable consumption patterns in general. Especially, green women have more power to change consumption patterns via digital platforms. Green women social media influencers, who are micro-celebrities, share primary contents such as sustainable fashion, green foods, sustainable travel, sustainable lifestyle, conscious choices, green cosmetics and zero waste life to promote sustainable consumption patterns. Women social media influencers are much more effective than men influencers to transform society's consumption behaviors into sustainable consumption patterns.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides some qualitative findings based on the selected four top-listed green social media influencers by different social media platforms. Future studies can find out different results based on different sample cases and employ quantitative research methodology.Practical implicationsThe study suggests policymakers to cooperate with green women social media influencers to achieve sub-targets of 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Especially, it is suggested to cooperate with micro-celebrities or Internet celebrities to promote sustainable consumption patterns.Originality/valueThe study proves that women social media influencers have the essential role in promoting green/sustainable consumption patterns via digital platforms. In addition, green women influencers can guide their followers to adopt sustainable consumption patterns.

English

The increasing interest in green cosmetics has a major influence on the cosmetics market, whether due to the incorporation of the functionalities of the extracts, or the substitution of synthetic ingredients with natural ones. Yet, the natural substances found in those products must be evaluated for their chemical characterization and toxicity. This study determined the chemical profile and assessed the toxicity of stem (S) and leaf (L) extracts of Hancornia speciosa Gomes obtained by Soxhlet apparatus (SOX) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (US). Hydroethanolic (70%) extracts were prepared from the stem and leaves of H. speciosa resulting in Soxhlet stem extract, ultrasound stem extract, Soxhlet leaf extract, ultrasound leaf extract. The chemical characterization of the extracts was performed by phytochemical screening and the compounds were identified by GC-MS analyses. The toxicity test was analyzed at concentrations of 50, 250 and 500 µg/ml, using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina tests. The phytochemical analysis identified flavonoids, tannins and saponins while the GC-MS analysis found lupeol, hentriacontane, undecanoic acid, Friedelan-3-one and a potentially toxic substance known as oxalic acid. The toxicity test showed low genotoxic and antimutagenic indexes in the extracts of H. speciosa. The findings suggest that the safest extracts in cosmetic preparations were Soxhlet stem extract and Soxhlet leaf extract, while the most toxic extract was ultrasound leaf extract. Key words: Chemical profile, mangaba tree, toxicity, extracts, green cosmetics

Sebuah Studi pada Wanita Bekerja: Pengaruh Motivational Factors, Purchase Preferences, dan Tendency Towards Health Consciousness terhadap Purchase Intention Green Cosmetics

The study investigated the intention of working women to buy green cosmetic products. In addition, it also analyzes the relationship between motivational factors, purchase preferences, and tendency towards health consciousness on the purchase intention of green cosmetic products. A model was developed to understand the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Motivational factors, purchase preferences, and tendency towards health consciousness were considered as independent variables and purchase intention of green cosmetic products as the dependent variable. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire and collected data from 119 working women. Multiple linear regression in SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The results show that motivational factors have no significant effect on the purchase intention of green cosmetics. Meanwhile, purchase preferences and tendency towards health consciousness significantly affect purchase intention of green cosmetics. This study focuses on a group of working women. Future research may involve demographic variables, spending on buying green products, and lifestyle variables. Further research can also use in-depth interviews and focus group discussions on finding out more details regarding the use of green products. The green product is also closely related to the high-involvement product. It becomes interesting to involve it in further research.

The New Challenge of Green Cosmetics: Natural Food Ingredients for Cosmetic Formulations.

Nowadays, much attention is paid to issues such as ecology and sustainability. Many consumers choose “green cosmetics”, which are environmentally friendly creams, makeup, and beauty products, hoping that they are not harmful to health and reduce pollution. Moreover, the repeated mini-lock downs during the COVID-19 pandemic have fueled the awareness that body beauty is linked to well-being, both external and internal. As a result, consumer preferences for makeup have declined, while those for skincare products have increased. Nutricosmetics, which combines the benefits derived from food supplementation with the advantages of cosmetic treatments to improve the beauty of our body, respond to the new market demands. Food chemistry and cosmetic chemistry come together to promote both inside and outside well-being. A nutricosmetic optimizes the intake of nutritional microelements to meet the needs of the skin and skin appendages, improving their conditions and delaying aging, thus helping to protect the skin from the aging action of environmental factors. Numerous studies in the literature show a significant correlation between the adequate intake of these supplements, improved skin quality (both aesthetic and histological), and the acceleration of wound-healing. This review revised the main foods and bioactive molecules used in nutricosmetic formulations, their cosmetic effects, and the analytical techniques that allow the dosage of the active ingredients in the food.

The Impact of Pro-environmental Beliefs and Personal Norms on Green Cosmetics Purchase Intention: A Study of Gen Z in Vietnam

Health consciousness and environmental issues have been concerned greatly in recent years. In the cosmetics industry, these considerations initiated a tendency for Generation Z (Gen Z) to purchase green cosmetics instead of chemical cosmetics. This paper summarizes several theoretical foundations to build hypotheses and framework examining factors affecting Gen Z 's purchasing intention towards green cosmetics. Based on Value - Belief - Norm Theory (Stern, 2000), this research focuses on exploring the influence of psychological factors on green purchasing intentions (GPI). In addition, this study investigates the mediating effects of pro-environmental belief and personal norms on the relationship between the value orientations and the green purchasing intention. Finally, researchers will analyse data collected from people of different gender, ages and their monthly spending on cosmetics. A total of 655 valid responses were gathered through online and offline surveys using convenient sampling techniques. The authors evaluate the reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) and validity (EFA) by using SPSS 25 software, and test the study hypotheses by using SmartPLS 3.7 technique. The findings reveal that hedonic (β=0.290) and egoistic value orientation (β=0.237) indirectly affect GPI while personal norm exerts significant influence on GPI directly (β=0.419). The findings of the study have important implications for formulating appropriate governmental public policies and developing better marketing strategies for green cosmetics brands to approach customers.

Investigating Female Shoppers’ Attitude and Purchase Intention toward Green Cosmetics in South Africa

This paper investigates female shoppers’ attitude and purchase intention toward green cosmetics. Underpinned with an extended theory of planned behavior model, the research framework examines consumers’ attitude and purchase intention. In addition, the moderating influence of consumer involvement is tested. Data (n = 408) were collected from South Africa and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results show that subjective norm has a significant positive impact on the consumers’ purchase intention for green cosmetics. Also, ecological motive and environmental knowledge impact the consumers’ attitude toward green cosmetics. In addition, consumers’ involvement strengthens the positive relationship between attitude and purchase intention. However, the role of perceived behavioral control and health consciousness were non-significant. The findings suggest that practitioners should try to enhance the consumers’ knowledge and involvement about green cosmetics. They should inform and educate the consumers through an integrated marketing communication approach by means of campaigns, advertisements, and public relations. Thus, through relevant environmental information or knowledge, consumers will be more educated aiming to impact positive attitude and purchase intention.

A kinetics study on surfactin production from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2415 for application in green cosmetics

The present study is an attempt to throw insight into the significance of the type of nitrogen sources and their uptake pattern on the kinetics of surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2415. Batch kinetics studies revealed that surfactin production was strongly influenced by nitrate ions than ammonium ions. A maximum surfactin concentration of 1.75 g L−1 with YP/S = 0.035 was obtained when the medium was challenged with both NH4+ and NO3− as nitrogen sources with equal nitrogen concentrations. Furthermore, the applicability of surfactin as a powerful emulsifier in cosmetics was demonstrated by formulating a stable nanoemulsion system using coconut oil and bio-active essential oils as green ingredients. The surfactin-stabilized cosmetic nanoformulation remained stable for three months. The average droplet size was 175 ± 15 nm with Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.17 ± 0.01 and zeta potential of −55 ± 0.5 mV.

Bacterial Nanocellulose toward Green Cosmetics: Recent Progresses and Challenges.

In the skin care field, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a versatile polysaccharide produced by non-pathogenic acetic acid bacteria, has received increased attention as a promising candidate to replace synthetic polymers (e.g., nylon, polyethylene, polyacrylamides) commonly used in cosmetics. The applicability of BNC in cosmetics has been mainly investigated as a carrier of active ingredients or as a structuring agent of cosmetic formulations. However, with the sustainability issues that are underway in the highly innovative cosmetic industry and with the growth prospects for the market of bio-based products, a much more prominent role is envisioned for BNC in this field. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent (last 5 years) and relevant developments and challenges in the research of BNC applied to cosmetic, aiming at inspiring future research to go beyond in the applicability of this exceptional biotechnological material in such a promising area.

VALIDATING PURCHASE INTENTIONS FOR GREEN COSMETIC PRODUCTS: APPLYING AND EXTENDINTHEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

In the last few years, consumers in the Asian market have become conscious of green products and their impact on environmental welfare. Millennial consumers specifically, have started preferring environment friendly, socially responsible products and have come to be known as quick spenders tending the hedonistic consumption. The key intention of this research is to ascertain the variables that have an impact on the purchasing intentions which thereby affects the willingness of millennial buyers to pay a premium for eco-friendly and organic cosmetics in India by expanding the Theory of Planned Behavior by providing a structural equation model (SEM) and path analysis. Results of the study show that the subjective norms are an essential element affecting the environmental concerns and the attitudes of individuals towards green cosmetics which in turn, influence customers intention of purchasing these products and their willingness in paying a premium The research concludes that, with the presence of subjective norms to impose environment-friendly behavior and the correct attitude of individuals towards green cosmetics, the purchase intention and willingness of the millennial buyers to pay a premium for eco-friendly cosmetic products high.

A paradigm shift in consumer behaviour towards green cosmetics: an empirical study

This paper measures the awareness level and purchase intension of green products among consumers in Delhi/NCR. Primary data is collected in the form of structured questionnaire. Responses were coll...

A paradigm shift in consumer behaviour towards green cosmetics: an empirical study

A paradigm shift in consumer behaviour towards green cosmetics: an empirical study

THE ANTECEDENTS GREEN BRAND EQUITY OF GREEN COSMETICS

Claim “go-green” continuously used in green marketing to emphasize the attributes of green product and with the aim of developing a green brand. The strength of a green brand reflects in its green brand equity. This study seeks to explore the relationship between green brand equity and its four proposed antecedents, namely the green brand image, green satisfaction, green trust and green brand perceived value. This research used a quantitative approach with self administered survey through an online and offline survey. Data were collected from 303 consumers of green cosmetics. The hypothesis was tested using multiple regression using SPSS 25. The results showed that green brand image, green satisfaction, green trust and green brand perceived value have a positive effect on green brand equity. Hence, investing in resources that increase these antecedents will enhance green brand equity.

Social Media Goes Green—The Impact of Social Media on Green Cosmetics Purchase Motivation and Intention

In the 21st century, green consumption has risen into a global trend, which inclines cosmetic companies to be more environmental-friendly and to have a larger green product portfolio to satisfy these new consumers’ needs. Social media contributed to this trend, shaping consumers’ attitudes into more environmentally conscious behavior. The present study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain the impact of Social Media on consumers’ purchase intention and motivation (altruism and egoism). Based on empirical investigation, an online survey was developed to measure the proposed conceptual model. The reliability and validity of the reflective constructs were tested using partial least squares (PLS) modeling technique. The results indicate the importance of social media on consumers’ attitudes, subjective norms, altruistic and egoistic motivations, and the impact of these variables as the antecedents of green cosmetics purchase intention. These results have important theoretical implications. They revealed that external factors such as social media as an information source, have an important role in consumer motivation formation and green cosmetic purchasing intentions. The findings are relevant for marketers to implement better communication strategies on social media to increase consumers’ motivations and purchase intention toward green cosmetics.

Barriers in Purchasing Green Cosmetic Products Among Indonesian Women


 
 
 Nowadays, many companies sell products that they claim as 'green' cosmetics to reach public demand and attention. Yet, women are starting to be concerned about green cosmetics because they wonder if it does bring sustainability and worth the claim. This research aims to analyze women's barrier factors in purchasing green cosmetics in Indonesia. This research target population is women who live in Jakarta, and Bandung, ranging from 18-34 years old, tend to use cosmetics daily and know about green cosmetics in general. The researcher uses a quantitative approach that uses 235 sample sizes and using probability sampling and questionnaire to collect the data. The data was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results show that the value barrier, usage barrier, risk barrier, tradition barrier, and image barrier positively influenced the purchase intention of green cosmetics products. The findings of this study can help green cosmetics brands in Indonesia sell their products to be accepted in the market.
 
 

Green cosmetics: perspectives and challenges in the context of green chemistry

Green cosmetics present ecological appeals and claim to be developed according to the principles of Green Chemistry. Green Chemistry can be defined as the set of processes and products that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances. Despite the growing market, there are gaps related to the scope and regulation of these products. The article consists of a literature review on conceptual, regulatory and risk analysis limitations and perspectives of green cosmetics. We conducted searches in databases of scientific articles and analysis of publications by government agencies and organic/natural cosmetic certification systems. From the data collected, we found that there is a lack of government definitions and regulations for green cosmetics in the United States, the European Union and Brazil, and there are divergences between the guidelines adopted by green cosmetic certification systems, although we identified attempts to harmonize these guidelines. There was also a lack of approaches to the risk assessment of these products. The identification of limitations and perspectives on green cosmetics can be considered the first step to overcome these difficulties, promoting the dissemination of these products and maximizing their potential in reducing the risks to human and environmental health presented by cosmetics, following the principles of Green Chemistry.

Saudi females' buying behavior of green cosmetics: A pertinent motivational aspect

ABSTRACT The study investigates which group of Saudi females are more conscious about buying green cosmetic products. It also analyses the relationship between motivational factors (MF), purchase preferences (PP), and tendency towards heath consciousness (THC) in green cosmetic products. A model was developed to understand the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. MF, PP, and THC were considered as independent variables and purchase of green cosmetic products as dependent variable. A survey was conducted using a survey questionnaire and collected data from 318 Saudi women under three major segments (university students, working women, and non-working women) belonging to various provinces in Saudi Arabia. Multiple regressions in SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data. While the students do not have a significant purchasing capability, housewives lack an informed purchasing decision. However, only the working women are potentially motivated with fair health consciousness and consideration to purchase the green cosmetics. This paper provides an insight for retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers’ green cosmetic industry, policymakers, whole cosmetic industry, and other stakeholders.

Antecedents of green purchase behavior of cosmetics products

PurposeThere is a growing need to conduct more studies to understand the green purchase behavior of cosmetics products because of its increasing trend in the emerging markets. Considering this, the study aims to shed some light on the factors that affect green purchase behavior of Malaysian consumers in the context of cosmetics product purchase. More specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the effect of altruistic and hedonic values and the mediating effect of personal norm and pro-environmental belief toward green purchase behavior.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey using judgmental sampling technique was used to gather responses from green cosmetics consumers. A questionnaire was designed to measure the study variables, which was then tested for content, and face validity and reliability prior to its administration. The structural equation modeling using the partial least squares approach (SmartPLS, version 3.7) was used to test the study hypotheses.FindingsThe results revealed that hedonic value has a significant and positive effect on pro-environmental belief. However, altruistic value did not exert any significant effect on pro-environmental belief. It is also found that pro-environmental belief positively affects personal norm, and as a consequence, personal norm affects green purchase behavior. The data also support the mediating effect of pro-environmental belief in the relationship between “hedonic value and personal norm.” Nevertheless, pro-environmental belief did not mediate the relationship between altruistic value and personal norm. Lastly, personal norm mediates the relationship between “pro-environmental belief and green purchase behavior”.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study enable managers, marketers and policy makers to execute better green strategies that would boost consumers’ green purchase behavior toward cosmetics products.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on green purchase behavior by testing hedonic value as the antecedent and pro-environmental belief as the mediator by using the value-belief-norm theory. Moreover, this is a pioneer study to consider personal norm as the mediator of green purchase behavior.

“I buy green products, do you…?”

PurposeIn recent years, consumers are moving toward purchasing green cosmetics instead of chemical one. Plenty of cosmetics products are banned globally due to the usage of poisonous substances such as triphenyl phosphate and petroleum. As such, it is needed to shift the conventional purchase behavior to green purchase behavior (GPB) to reduce the negative impact on the environment and health. This study aims to investigate the factors that affect GPB in the context of cosmetics products purchase. Additionally, this study examines the moderating role of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in influencing such green behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis study used value-belief-norm (VBN) theory and elaboration likelihood model as a theoretical basis. By using judgmental sampling techniques, a total of 318 usable responses were gathered through online survey. The structural equation modeling approach using partial least square (SmartPLS, version 3.7) technique was used to test the study hypotheses.FindingsResults reveal that altruistic value and hedonic value both positively affect pro-environmental beliefs, which eventually affect consumers’ personal norms. It is found that hedonic value has a greater influence on pro-environmental belief than altruistic value. Additionally, personal norm also exerts significant influence on GPB. Data also support the mediating role of pro-environmental belief and personal norm. Moreover, the multidimensional eWOM moderates the relationship between personal norm and GPB.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study provide valuable insights for marketers, academicians and practitioners about the drivers of consumers’ green cosmetics purchase behavior. It will enable marketers to develop better strategies for the green market segment.Social implicationsThe study findings also contribute to the social aspects by understanding consumers’ purchase behavior toward green cosmetics products. It ultimately promotes to consider a healthier lifestyle and to be concerned about environmental well-being.Originality/valueThis study is the first to introduce the eWOM as a moderator in the VBN theory. Moreover, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field by examining few new linkages; more specifically, considering pro-environmental belief as to the mediator between “hedonic value and personal norm,” as well as the mediating effect of personal norm in the relationship between “pro-environmental belief and GPB.” Moreover, this is a pioneer study to consider eWOM as a multidimensional construct rather than unidimensional, which is new in green marketing literature.