Green Composites Research Articles

The mechanical and microstructure investigations of jute fabric epoxy reinforced with microfibers from banana and coconut

AbstractThis study investigates the use of jute cloth epoxy reinforced with microfibers from coconuts and bananas to investigate bio‐inspired composite materials. The development and assessment of the mechanical qualities of two composite types—jute fabric containing 10% banana microfibers and jute fabric containing 10% coconut microfibers—were the main goals. These composites were made for the study, and then they underwent extensive mechanical testing (such as tensile, bending, and impact tests) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructural examination. Jute cloth, which is renowned for its sustainability, was utilized as the foundation material, and epoxy was utilized as the matrix to improve structural stability. Fibers from bananas and coconuts were included because of their durability and low weight. The findings suggested that, maybe as a result of variations in density, the composite containing 10% coconut fibers performed better mechanically than the one containing banana fibers. These discoveries signify a substantial breakthrough in bio‐inspired materials and have potential uses in sectors looking for environmentally friendly substitutes. This research may help create green composites with improved mechanical properties by deepening our understanding of the interactions between jute, epoxy, and natural fibers.Highlights Banana and coconut fibers enhance the composite's tensile strength significantly. The material's bending properties show promise for diverse load‐bearing applications. High impact resistance makes the composite viable for impact‐prone environments. SEM analysis confirms homogeneous integration of fibers within the epoxy matrix.

Fabrication and characterization of natural fiber reinforced cowpea resin-based green composites: an approach towards agro-waste valorization.

A paradigm shift towards using bio-resins or bio-derived resins among materials scientists has led to wide exploration of the sector. Polymers such as soy protein isolate, poly(hydroxy alkanoate), poly(lactic acid), and thermoplastic starch are all synthetically modified bio-based resins and are costly. The cowpea-derived resin with the least chemical modification was used in this study as a matrix for the formation of composites with natural fibers at a lesser cost. Fabrication of composites of vetiver and jute with varying weight percentages of fiber (50, 60, and 70%) in the innovative cowpea resin resulted in favorable mechanical properties and degradability. The tensile strength was the highest for the jute-cowpea composite (JCP2) at around 37.49 MPa, which also has a flexural strength of 40.3 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composites reflects the moderate storage moduli of 1802 MPa for JCP2 and 1351 MPa for vetiver-cowpea (VRCP2) composites. Impact strength studies and thermal stability also show optimistic results. The contact angle, water absorption behavior, and swelling in thickness show the moderate hydrophobicity of the composites. This is also a reason for the improved degradability of the composites in soil-burial and microbial environments. Characterizations such as FE-SEM and FTIR spectroscopy, conducted after the degradation of the samples, showcased the level of deterioration. All these results suggest using the innovative cowpea resin as a good alternative to various other synthetic thermoplastic resins used in the fiber reinforced composite manufacturing field.

Assessing compressive mechanical behavior of woven fabric green textile composite using finite element method

AbstractThe research aims to forecast the mechanical performance of a hybrid woven fabric natural composite subjected to compression, utilizing the three‐dimensional finite element method. A detailed finite element model of a plain woven fabric unit cell is created and analyzed for different materials like flax, basalt, and jute, and combinations of these materials (inter‐yarn hybrid basalt‐flax, jute‐flax and basalt‐jute fabrics). It is observed that fabric‘s response to compression is mainly influenced by the transverse longitudinal shear behaviour and the stiffness of the yarn cross‐section. Compression of single‐layer woven fabric involves yarn bending and compaction, resulting in varying fiber volume fractions in different areas due to compaction. The basalt‐jute hybrid plain woven fabric outperformed other plant‐based fiber fabrics with a polypropylene matrix in terms of mechanical performance under compression. Increase in yarn spacing and fabric thickness resulted in higher strain energy and displacement, attributed to changes in fiber volume fraction and crimp angle. Whereas, increasing yarn width led to a stiffer fabric due to increased contact area at the crossover region and higher bending rigidity, resulting in decreased strain energy and displacement. Importantly, this developed model can effectively simulate textile fabrics with diverse weaving patterns, material properties, and loading conditions.

Chemical treatment, fibre length, and fibre loading affecting the mechanical and morphological characteristics of flax fibre/polylactic acid (PLA) green composites developed by injection moulding

AbstractThis paper presents the parametric investigation and optimization of various chemical treatment parameters that affect the mechanical performance of the green composite. The injection moulding method was used to produce the green composites using flax fibre (FF) and polylactic acid (PLA). The chemical parameters chosen to investigate their effects are chemical type (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium hydroxide), chemical concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 % (w/v)), and duration for fibre treatment (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h). The mechanical performance of the green composites was assessed by evaluating the various properties namely strength, modulus, and elongation under tensile, share, flexural, and compression loading conditions. The morphological study was also performed to examine the failure behavior of the composite after mechanical testing. The effect of fibre length (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm) and fibre loading (10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.%) on the performance of the flax fibre (FF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite was also investigated. The fibre dispersion, fibre orientation, and fibre length retention were investigated to assess the characteristics of fibre during injection moulding of the developed flax fibre (FF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite.

Experimental Assessment of Hemp Shiv and Green Adhesives to Produce a Biocomposite Material.

This study investigated the utilization of innovative green composites made from hemp shiv, a waste by-product of hemp cultivation, with the aim of promoting sustainability within the construction industry. The manufacturing method involved the application of pressure in a mold to create the samples. These materials were produced using an environmentally friendly binder consisting of colophony, arabic gum, and corn starch. Moreover, white glue and bioepoxy were also used to compare with the green resins. Three different binder compositions were used for the specimens. The samples underwent mechanical testing through tensile and bending assessments, and their performance was compared to that of non-green binders to validate the effectiveness of the manufacturing processes. The study revealed that decreasing the moisture content during the curing process was crucial for improving the mechanical properties. The best results were achieved when using arabic gum as a binder, yielding a tensile strength of 2.16 MPa and a bending strength of 5.25 MPa, with a composition of 62.5% hemp shiv and a manufacturing process involving a pressure of 5 MPa.

Exploring green environmental composites as hosts for shielding materials using experimental, theoretical and Geant4 simulation methods

Rice straw is considered an agricultural waste harmful to the environment, which is abundant in most parts of the world. From this point, the present study is devoted to preparing new composites of two types of glue based on rice straw as a plentiful, low-cost matrix. Straw glue samples were prepared by mixing 20% wt. of rice straw with 80% wt. of animal glue (RS-An) and polyvinyl acetate (RS-PVAC) at different thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 cm. The chemical composition of the prepared samples was identified by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and their morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical test explored that RS-An and RS-PVAC respectively required a stress of 25.2 and 25.5 MPa before reaching the breaking point. γ-ray shielding performance was analyzed and determined at numerous photon energies from 0.059 to 1.408 MeV emitted from five-point γ-rays sources using NaI (Tl). Linear attenuation coefficient was calculated by obtaining the area under the peak of the energy spectrum observed from Genie 2000 software in the presence and absence of the sample. The experimental results of mass attenuation coefficient were compared with theoretical data of XCOM software with relative deviation ranging from 0.10 to 2.99%. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation code was also employed to validate the experimental results. The relative deviation of XCOM and Geant4 outcomes was 0.09–1.77%, which indicates a good agreement between them. Other radiation shielding parameters such as half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer, and mean free path were calculated in three ways: experimentally, theoretically from the XCOM database, and by simulation using Geant4 code. Additionally, effective atomic number (Zeff), effective atomic number (Neff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), and buildup factors were evaluated. It was confirmed that the γ-ray shielding properties were further boosted by mixing rice straw with the animal glue compared to the synthetic one.

Performance of high-strength green strain-hardening cementitious composites incorporating CSA/CAC cements and GGBS

Strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs) possess crack control and durability properties. In the pursuit of reducing CO2 emissions and addressing potential issues of slow strength development for SHCCs with pozzolans, the objective of this study was to develop high-strength green SHCCs (HSG-SHCCs) that exhibit improved early strength, drying shrinkage, and environmental friendliness. A ternary binder system was proposed, comprising of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and either calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) or calcium aluminate cement (CAC). The fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of the proposed HSG-SHCCs were experimentally investigated. Additionally, the microstructures and chemical phases of the developed CSA/CAC-GGBS-OPC ternary binder system were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the developed HSG-SHCCs demonstrated 6-hour and 28-day strengths of up to 11 MPa and 110 MPa, respectively. The CSA/CAC-based ternary binder system also exhibited enhanced durability and improved drying shrinkage. However, the inclusion of CSA and CAC in HSG-SHCCs could lead to a reduction in tensile performance, specifically in strain capacity. The main hydration products of the CSA/CAC-GGBS-OPC ternary binder system were C-S-H, ettringite, gibbsite, and calcium hydrate. In addition to the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties, the environmental impact of the developed HSG-SHCCs was also assessed. The results indicated that a 30 % replacement of OPC with CSA cement in the HSG-SHCC mix notably improved the trade-off among CO2 emissions, compressive strength, and tensile cracking resistance.

Exploring the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and carbol fuchsin dyes by magnesium codoped on graphene oxide and titanium dioxide green composites

Exploring the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and carbol fuchsin dyes by magnesium codoped on graphene oxide and titanium dioxide green composites

A Short Review: The Use and Application of Matrix Resins Formed with Some Plant-Based Oils in Bio-Composite Materials

Increasing environmental problems, waste recycling problems, and non-biodegradable resources have led researchers to different searches for composite materials in recent years. In these studies, interest in bio-composite materials known as green composites has increased significantly due to their potential to replace traditional materials in material production. The creation of biocomposite materials from natural fibers or natural resins instead of synthetic fibers and synthetic resins has made natural resources the focus of researchers. Among these natural resin formations, the use of vegetable-based oils in various applications has started to be seen frequently due to their low cost, biodegradability, and availability. In addition to being recyclable, vegetable-based oils are an important alternative in many sectors, especially in the chemical industry, both environmentally and economically, with a wide variety of chemical conversion possibilities. The desire to explore the versatility of vegetable oil components formed by the complex multi-component mixtures of fatty acids and glycerol ester accelerates the studies in this field even more. In this study, the chemical compositions of vegetable oils hybridized with different resins, the chemical structures of pure vegetable oils, the different varieties among these vegetable oils, and various types of biocomposites produced using vegetable oil-based resins were investigated. In addition, the latest trends in other applications of these bio-composites, especially in automotive, were examined.

Maleated epoxidized natural rubber grafted cassava starch/silver composite coating for cloth glove: Preparation and physical properties

The green composite was obtained from maleated epoxidized natural rubber (MENR) latex grafted cassava starch (CS) (MNS) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a green route process. The immersion of AgNPs in the MNS matrix was checked with UV–visible spectrometer. The SEM was applied to study the morphology of AgNPs particle. The thermal stability of the MNSAg composite increased with increasing AgNPs. The AgNPs well distributed in the MNS matrix. The silver was used to facilitate the facile and fast preparation and to improve the mechanical strength and thermal stability at 420–450 °C of the MNSAg composites. The MNSAg composite containing AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, it showed the high UV absorption. It was used to coat with cloth gloves. The degree of biodegradation of this sample was about 80–90 % after being buried in soil.

Investigations on structure and properties of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced by diss fibers: Effect of various surface treatments

The paper reports some experimental results on the effect of different chemical modifications of Diss fibers on the properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biocomposites involving alkaline, combined alkaline/peroxide and combined alkaline/silane treatments. The biocomposite samples loaded at 20 wt% were prepared by melt compounding. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a better fiber-matrix interaction between Diss fiber and matrix after surface fiber treatment. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated an increase in crystallinity index of the biocomposites. In addition, the incorporation of Diss fibers treated with alkali-silane resulted in an improvement in Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) and shore D hardness from 141.1 °C and 75.1–145.7°C and 86.2, respectively, in comparison with the neat matrix. This also agreed with the flexural properties results, which showed a significant increase in flexural modulus by almost 30 % compared to the neat PHBV. The same trend was observed for water absorption. Overall, combined alkali-silane treatment was found to be most efficient surface treatment method to develop strong interfacial adhesion between PHBV and Diss fiber, increasing the scope of application in manufacturing of light weight green composites.

Preparation and potential of chitosan-based/Al2O3 green hydrogel composites for the removal of methyl red dye from simulated solution.

Different dyes are discharged into water streams, causing significant pollution to the entire ecosystem. The present work deals with the removal of acid red 2 dye (methyl red-as an anionic dye) by green sorbents based on chitosan derivatization. In this regard, two classes of chitosan derivatives-a total of six-were prepared by gamma irradiation at 30kGy. The first group (group A) constitutes a crosslinked chitosan/polyacrylamide/aluminum oxide with different feed ratios, while the second group, identified as group B, is composed of crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan/polyacrylamide/aluminum oxide with different ratios. Glycerol was added to soften the resultant hydrogels. The products were characterized by different tools, including FTIR for confirming the chemical modification, TGA for investigating their thermal properties, and XRD for verifying their crystalline structure. The morphology of the prepared derivatives was studied through SEM, while their topography before and after dye adsorption was monitored via the AFM. The removal efficiencies of the prepared sorbents were verified at different operation conditions, such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of dye solutions, and contact time. The data revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum dye uptake were as follows: pH 4, contact time 120min, 0.1-g sorbent dose, and 50-ppm dye concentration. Additionally, the prepared sorbents demonstrated potent adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. It was found that the elements of the second group displayed higher performance than their counterparts. The data showed also that the adsorption process best fits with the Freundlich model and obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic isotherm. In addition, the synthesized composites showed observable antibacterial potency toward E. coli as a Gram-negative bacterium and S. aureus as a Gram-positive bacterium.

Sustainable and multifunctional polyurethane green composites with renewable materials

Polyurethane materials are characterised by an ever-expanding range of application possibilities due to their versatility. Currently, the management of leftovers as well as post-production and post-consumer waste for the production of biocomposites is one of the most obvious, effective and profitable solutions. Due to the renewable nature of biofillers such as cellulose, lignin, and chitin, their use to obtain composite polyurethane elastomers is a real perspective for the dissemination of more environmentally friendly materials and, at the same time, contributes to additional economic profit. The key aspect for further development of the polyurethane/biopolymer biocomposite concept is to fulfil of a number of currently functioning industry standards, mainly those regarding functional properties. In the presented research, an attempt to obtain advanced polyurethane elastomers with the addition of biopolymers (cellulose, lignin, and chitin) was conducted for the first time. The innovative biocomposites obtained in this way were characterised by good processing parameters (processing times, density) and improved functional properties compared to the standard without the addition of fillers (abrasion resistance, tensile strength, contact angle, hardness). Due to the above-mentioned facts, the described biocomposites can be successfully used for the production of multifunctional elastomeric materials with a wide range of potential applications. Moreover, it is worth noting that the management of waste materials in this way will reduce production costs while indirectly contributing to the protection of the natural environment.Graphical abstract

Effect of Surface Treatments on Zea mays Husk and the Behaviour of Husk/Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

(1) Background: The increasing generation of plastic and agricultural wastes is a critical environmental issue that requires urgent attention. Aiming to address this challenge, this study developed a sustainable waste-to-wealth system through the utilization of Zea mays husk as a reinforcing material in the production of green composites. (2) Methods: Delignification, de-hemicellulolysis, and bleaching were employed sequentially to improve the characteristics of the husk. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and impurities, and X-ray diffraction analysis determined the degree of crystallinity. Composites were made with treated and untreated husk and recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at various husk-to-LDPE ratios. (3) Results: Mechanical characterization demonstrated that the treated husk composites exhibited superior tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness compared to the untreated ones and pure LDPE. The treatment did not enhance the thermal stability of the composites, but it did lower their capacity for water absorption and improve their crystallinity. The economic assessment of the husk composite production indicated a total annualized cost of USD 0.9601 per kg, which is significantly lower than the estimated cost for LDPE (USD 1.2 to USD 1.4 per kg). Additionally, it has a much smaller carbon footprint compared to LDPE production. (4) Conclusions: The potential of utilizing treated Z. mays husk as a reinforcing agent in the development of sustainable and cost-effective green composites, improving their overall performance, was established. This approach offers a promising solution for the effective management of plastic and agricultural wastes, contributing to the transition towards a circular economy.

Marine waste as a resource: Developing bio-epoxy composites for a sustainable future

Biowastes from discarded fishscales and seashells are rich sources of natural polymers, such as collagen, keratin, and calcium carbonate, that can be used to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable polymer composites. Therefore, utilizing the biowastes for manufacturing polymer composite can offer significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. This experimental study explores the use of Biopoxy matrix (SR33) and fish scale and seashell powders derived from biowastes as filler reinforcements while the composites were manufactured through open mold stir casting technique. Thereafter, the fillers were extracted and processed from raw waste sources, and were characterized using XRD and FTIR analyses. Mechanical and physical properties, including density, water absorption, fracture morphology, flexural, tensile, impact strength, and hardness, were also evaluated to assess the composite's performance. Additionally, thermal properties were investigated through DSC and TGA analyses. Interestingly, the results revealed that green composites with fish scale fillers at 2.5 wt% and seashell fillers at 7.5 wt% exhibited superior performance captured through enhanced mechanical and thermal properties versus control composite samples, suggesting their efficacy in reinforcing the biopoxy matrix. The study underscores the potential of utilizing biowaste-derived fillers for sustainable and eco-friendly composite materials. The combination of biopoxy with these specific filler concentrations presents a promising avenue for developing green composites with favorable mechanical and thermal characteristics, contributing to the ongoing efforts for sustainable material development.

Investigation on mechanical and acoustic properties of natural fiber‐based sustainable green resin hybrid composites

AbstractThe use of natural fibers has been suggested by researchers for the purpose of promoting environmental sustainability. In this work, hybrid composites made of coir and banana fibers were fabricated by using both green resin and epoxy resin in the preparation of composites. Soybean oil is used in this work as the eco‐friendly resin. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the composites, a number of experiments were carried out including tensile, compression, hardness and impact tests. In addition, testing was done on the sound absorption qualities. Composites composed of green resins exhibit superior environmentally friendly characteristics and mechanical robustness in comparison to composites based on epoxy resin. The tensile strength of the hybrid composites exhibited superior performance compared to other hybrid composites. The additional mechanical qualities of the hybrid composites are noteworthy and serve as a driving force to pursue the development of specific applications.Highlights Hybrid composites exhibit superior mechanical properties. The use of natural resin‐based composites is limited. There is a potential scope for developing hybrid composites using natural fibers and resin for acoustic applications.

Enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness of green Eucommia ulmoides gum composites through heterogeneous and crystalline structures

In order to mitigate the increasing severity of electromagnetic interference (EMI), it is imperative to develop advanced rubber composites. Despite recent advancements in structural design and filler hybridization for enhancing their EMI shielding performance, challenges persist in terms of suboptimal mechanical properties and intricate processing techniques. To overcome these limitations, bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) composites with segregated network structures were fabricated by simple mechanical blending, capitalizing on the characteristics of highly cross-linked rubbers with restricted molecular chains. Highly cross-linked EUG (HCE) effectively segregated the conductive fillers into the EUG phase, while the crystallization of EUG promoted the dispersion of fillers within the amorphous region of the EUG. Therefore, a highly efficient 3D conductive network was formed due to the segregated structure and crystallization, enabling the EUG/HCE/CNT composite to achieve an exceptional shielding effectiveness (SE) value of 83.0 dB with a high absorption loss ranging from 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz.

Developing green slag/bentonite-based geopolymers modified with meso-porous tungsten oxide: Zeolitic phases, mechanical performance and gamma-radiation mitigation

In an attempt to maintain the sustainable development goals in the construction sector via reducing the raw-materials/energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions related to cement production, a green nano-modified slag/bentonite-based alkali-activated material was developed. Firstly, the green composites were prepared by mixing slag and bentonite with a ratio of 2:1. Several factors like NaOH-concentration (6, 8, 10 wt%); thermal treatment of bentonite (as-received “RB” and thermally treated at 650 °C “TB”); curing conditions (normal-curing for 3 and 28-days as well as hydrothermal-curing at 3, 6, 9, 15 bar for 4 h) and meso-porous tungsten oxide nano-particles “WO3-NPs” inclusion (0.25, 0.5 and 1 wt%) were studied to assign the optimum conditions for fabricating composites with adequate mechanical properties and radiation-shielding ability. The mechanical performance and radiation shielding were evaluated by measuring the compressive-strengths and linear attenuation coefficient “μ”/ half value layer “HVL” using 137Cs, respectively. The results reveal the feasibility of using 8 wt% NaOH, TB, hydrothermal-curing at 3 bar/4 h and 0.5 wt% WO3-NPs in fabricating low-cost/pre-cast/environmentally friendly building material with superior compressive-strength (53.6 MPa). Also, the radiation shielding results substantiate that this developed composite achieved adequate μ and HVL values, referring to its efficiency as a radiation-blocker. The synergistic impact of alkali-hydrothermal-activation, the high pozzolanicity of TB and the nucleation-site/potential-seeds effect of WO3-NPs are the main reasons behind forming strength-giving-phases from stratlingite, hydrogarnet, analcime and pentasil zeolitic phase (ZSM-5), as proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of such phases reinforced the microstructure, thus improving the mechanical performance and radiation shielding capability.

Wholly Bio-based, Ultra-tough, Transparent PLA Composites Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Nanochitin

We introduce a novel ‘materials/processing’ approach that enables wholly bio-based, transparent polylactic acid (PLA) composites exhibiting unprecedented mechanical toughness. We introduce an aqueous colloidal suspension of cellulose-/chitin-nanofibers (CNF/ChNF) as reinforcing nanofillers. In particular, we design a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion-based pre-complexation step whereby the aqueous CNF/ChNF nanofillers can be directly integrated with PLA forming a solid masterbatch (MB), which can be processed with twin screw extrusion (TSE) and injection molding to produce PLA composites containing only a minute amount (2 wt%) of CNF/ChNF without any foreign additives. The resulting wholly bio-based PLA composites show unprecedentedly high levels of mechanical toughness (151.2 MJ/m3), elongation at break (377.5 %), impact strength (123 J/m), and optical transparency (∼90%). In this article, we report on the fabrication and detailed structure-processing-property relation of our green PLA composites.

The synergistic effect of recycled glass fiber reinforced plastic and silica fume on cement mortar properties

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the generation of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) waste. Traditional disposal methods have led to the wastage of resources and elevated carbon emission rates. Therefore, recycled glass fiber reinforced plastic powder was utilized to synergistically substitute a portion of the cement with silica fume, aiming to produce green cementitious composites. The study focuses on crucial properties such as strength, drying shrinkage, and fluidity. XRD, TG/DTG, and FT-IR analyses were conducted to clarify the hydration process of the composites, while MIP and water porosity measurements assessed the modifications in pore structure across various sample groups. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength of the new composite substantially increases by approximately 40 %, while cement consumption decreases by 30 %. This study presents a pioneering utilization of recycled glass fiber-reinforced plastic (RGFRP) and an innovative method for producing eco-friendly cementitious composites.