Green Components Research Articles

Economic complexity of green hydrogen production technologies - a trade data-based analysis of country-specific industrial preconditions

Countries with high energy demand but limited renewable energy potential are planning to meet part of their future energy needs by importing green hydrogen. For potential exporting countries, in addition to sufficient renewable resources, industrial preconditions are also relevant for the successful implementation of green hydrogen production value chains. A list of 36 “Green H2 Products” needed for stand-alone hydrogen production plants was defined and their economic complexity was analyzed using international trade data from 1995 to 2019. These products were found to be comparatively complex to produce and represent an opportunity for countries to enter new areas of the product space through green diversification. Large differences were revealed between countries in terms of industrial preconditions and their evolution over time. A detailed analysis of nine MENA countries showed that Turkey and Tunisia already possess industrial know-how in various green hydrogen technology components and perform only slightly worse than potential European competitors, while Algeria, Libya, and Saudi Arabia score the lowest in terms of calculated hydrogen-related green complexity. These findings are supported by statistical tests showing that countries with a higher share of natural resources rents in their gross domestic product score significantly lower on economic and green complexity. The results thus provide new perspectives for assessing the capabilities of potential hydrogen-producing countries, which may prove useful for policymakers and investors. Simultaneously, this paper contributes to the theory of economic complexity by applying its methods to a new subset of products, and using a dataset with long-term coverage.

Heterosis and combining ability vis‐à‐vis association for green fruit yield and component traits involving male sterile lines in chilli (Capsicum annuum) under wet temperate zone of North Western Himalayas

AbstractFourteen genetically diverse inbred lines comprising of four genic male sterile lines and 10 often pollinated lines as testers were crossed following ‘line × tester’ mating design to generate 40 F1s. These F1s, parents and check ‘CH‐27’ were evaluated in α‐lattice square design, replicated thrice during summer seasons of 2020 and 2021. The male sterile line DPChMS 9‐2 was good general combiner for marketable fruit yield and eight other component traits while testers namely, DPCh 10, PBC 535, VVG, Him Palam Mirch‐2 and DPCh 40 showed significant GCA for majority of yield related traits. The hybrids DPChMS 9‐2 × HPM‐2, DPChMS 9‐2 × DPCh 40, DPChMS 9‐2 × DPCh 101, DPChMS 9‐2× VVG and DPChMS 26‐1× HPM‐1 were the most desirable based on specific combining ability (SCA) and economic heterosis for fruit yield and other important traits. Heterosis was positively correlated with SCA indicating prediction of potential hybrids can be made based on both these parameters simultaneously. Present study provides an opportunity to exploit top hybrids for stability and commercial cultivation.

Urushi as a Green Component for Thermally Curable Colloidal Lignin Particles and Hydrophobic Coatings.

Colloidal lignin nanoparticles are promising building blocks for sustainable functional materials. However, their instability in organic solvents and aqueous alkali limits their applicability. Current stabilization methods require nonrenewable and toxic reagents or tedious workup procedures. Here we show a method to prepare hybrid nanoparticles using only natural components. Urushi, a form of black oriental lacquer, and lignin are coaggregated to form hybrid particles, with Urushi acting as a sustainable component that stabilizes the particles via hydration barrier effect and thermally triggered internal cross-linking. The weight fractions of the two components can be adjusted to achieve the desired level of stabilization. Hybrid particles with Urushi content >25 wt % undergo interparticle cross-linking that produces multifunctional hydrophobic protective coatings that improve the water resistance of wood. This approach provides a sustainable and efficient method for stabilizing lignin nanoparticles and opens up neoteric possibilities for the development of lignin-based advanced functional materials.

Luminescence and structural characteristics of Tb3+-embedded Ca2SiO4 phosphors synthesized using agro-food waste as solid state lightning devices

Ca2SiO4 phosphors doped with Tb3+ ions have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction method using rice husk and egg shell as the starting raw materials. The prepared Tb3+-doped Ca2SiO4 phosphors exhibited monoclinic structure and the diffraction patterns reveal the single phase of calcium silicate. The emission spectra were measured under the excitation of 369 nm. The spectra show six emission peaks centred at 624, 584, 543, 489, 436 and 414 nm, assigned to the 5D4→7F3, 5D4→7F4, 5D4→7F5, 5D4→7F6, 5D3→7F4 and 5D3→7F5 transitions, correspondingly. With increase of the Tb3+ content from 0.1 to 1.0 mol %, the emission intensities are found to be increased and then decreased after 1.0 mol %. The shortening of lifetime from 2.70 to 2.31 ms was observed with increase in Tb3+ doping content from 0.1 to 2.0 mol % which is ascribed to the cross-relaxation between the 5D3 and 5D4 states in Tb3+. The chromaticity co-ordinates were calculated from the emission spectra and found to be (0.13,0.47), which falls in the exact green region. The results indicate that the low cost Tb3+-doped Ca2SiO4 phosphors are useful for the green component of white light emitting devices.

A new meshless approach for marine power component modelling using digital twin reduced-order technique

In the background of the significant data era, green power represents the future development direction of ships. It is critical to establish fast-response marine power models to evaluate various green power-driven power components. However, when evaluating a finite model, the calculating often requires re-meshing of the model once the model parameters change, resulting in huge amount computing costs. The reduced-order model can address this issue by rapid calculation of the model responses; however, real-time computing of the reduced-order model is still a challenging task. In this paper, we study the basic principle of the digital twin reduced-order model and propose a digital twin reduced-order model. Firstly, the geometric model of a marine centrifugal pump is imported into ICEM meshing software for calculation domain meshing; Secondly, import the mesh file generated by ICEM software into Fluent for CFD numerical simulation and numerical simulation of the reduced-order model; finally, the reduced-order model is verified: under the rated working condition, the calculated head of reduced-order model is 31.98 m, the maximum speed of impeller edge is 24.4 m/s, and the minimum speed at the impeller shaft center is 0.0475 m/s. The errors are less than 1% compared to the theoretically calculated values. This study provides a proof basis for the high-accuracy model required by the fault detection technique based on the reduced-order model, and also proves that the fault detection method based on the reduced-order model is feasible.

The effects of green space and physical activity on muscle strength: a national cross-sectional survey with 128,759 Chinese adults.

Muscle strength is closely related to chronic noncommunicable diseases; specifically, a decline in handgrip strength (HS) is predominant globally. Exposure to green space-built environment components used for health intervention-reportedly decreases the risk of certain diseases and all-cause mortality. However, evidence in this area is limited. We aimed to explore the association between green space exposure and muscle strength and ascertain the combined effect of physical activity and green space exposure on muscle strength. Data from 128,759 participants (aged 20-79 years) were obtained using a complex stratified multistage probability cluster sampling design. The green space was assessed as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data for a 500-m buffer zone based on the geolocation information of sampling sites. We used a questionnaire to investigate transportation, occupation, physical activity, leisure-time exercise behaviors, and sedentary time within a usual week of the preceding year. The outcome was low relative HS, defined as HS-to-body weight ratio, and the percentage of men and women with relative HS in the lower third. We defined adequate physical activity as 150 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week and calculated the weighted proportion of participants with insufficient physical activity. Categorical variables of NDVI and physical activity were used as exposure variables and their interrelationship was evaluated in a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We measured interaction on an additive or multiplicative scale using a GLMM to test the interaction between green space exposure and physical activity. All analyses were performed for the total sample and subgroups (urban and rural). The high NDVI group had a lower risk of low relative HS than the low NDVI group (OR [95% CI]: 0.92 [0.88-0.95]). The sufficient physical activity group had a lower risk of low relative HS than the insufficient physical activity group (OR [95% CI]: 0.85 [0.81-0.88]). There was an interactive effect on the additive scale (relative excess risk owing to interaction: 0.29, 95% CI 0.22-0.36, p < 0.001) between green space exposure and physical activity. High NDVI and adequate physical activity were protective factors against low relative HS in Chinese adults. Increasing green space exposure and physical activity together may have a greater potentiating effect on muscle strength improvement than these two protective factors individually. Green spaces should be incorporated into city design or built environments.

Fabrication of tailored Ti6Al4V-based materials by conventional powder metallurgy for bone implant applications

ABSTRACT This works proposes a methodology for fabricating materials with specific characteristics mimicking human bones. A Ti64 alloy powder was used as the base material and it was mixed with Ag, Ta, TiN and salt particles to obtain different features. A hip-bone like component was fabricated, including a highly porous core of Ti64/25Ta/5Ag and a compact outer shell of Ti64/5Ag that is supposed to improve corrosion and osseointegration. Besides, a harder cover surface in Ti64/10TiN composite should increase the wear resistance. The green component was sintered at 1260°C in argon. Its Young’s modulus was close to the one of bones due to the added porosity, which also provided a permeability close to the one reported for trabecular bones. Tribocorrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid was improved by TiN addition. In conclusion, the proposed processing route was able to produce complex components fulfilling specific features required for human bone replacement.

Visual crowding: Double dissociation between orientation and brightness judgments.

Peripherally presented objects are often more difficult to identify when located in cluttered visual environments than when presented in isolation, a phenomenon known as visual crowding. Crowding tends to be stronger when target and nearby flanking elements are composed of similar sets of features. This study investigates the extent to which target-flanker orientation and/or color similarity determines luminance and orientation performance across different tasks under identical stimulus conditions. Targets were near-vertical Gabor patches defined by modulating only the green component of the RGB display. Subjects performed both target luminance and orientation discrimination tasks in separate blocks while both flanker hue (green or red flankers) and orientation (vertical or horizontal flankers) were manipulated as a function of target-flanker separation. We find strong evidence for a double dissociation between task and the specific set of features by which target-flanker similarity is defined. Whereas luminance judgments were highly contingent upon target-flanker hue similarity, orientation judgments showed the inverse pattern, largely contingent upon flanker orientation. The magnitude of this double dissociation decreased with target-flanker separation, at a rate predicted by Bouma's law. This specific pattern of performance provides strong support for the idea that crowding operates independently for the most part within orientation and color domains. That luminance judgments are constrained by target-flanker flanker hue similarity and, to a far lesser extent, by target-flanker orientation similarity suggests that the neural mechanisms responsible for mediating perceived luminance are principally linked to those mediating stimulus hue independent of those mediating stimulus orientation.

Assessing the effect of the improvement of environmental damage compensation legal system and green finance project on the re-establishment of the ecological environment.

What are the relationships among environmental regulations, green finance, and environmental damages in countries? Existing literature supports the impact of green finance or green innovation on environmental quality, but rare studies query the cointegration among other core variables. We thus utilize the yearly data of 25 Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2021 to empirically examine the relationships among access to clean energy and technology, environmental regulation, renewable green investment, subsidy on green energy, and green finance index in environmental damage compensation via an augmented mean group (AMG) and other estimators. However, the current empirical research also investigates the individual linkage of green finance components with explained variables. Overall, this study confirms the existence of cointegration relationships among these variables. Moreover, the results of AMG suggest that access to clean fuels and technology, environmental regulations, and green finance can inversely affect the explained variable in the long term. Furthermore, environmental regulations and renewable green investment positively affect environmental damages, while a separate proxy of green finance also negatively affects explained variables in the selected provinces with better environmental performance. Our empirical findings offer important policy implications for overall emerging economies to promote subsidies, environmental regulations, and green finance to improve environmental damages compensation.

Examining green road construction components: the case of Ghana

PurposeThe adoption of green construction concepts in road infrastructure projects is an opportunity to minimise the carbon footprint while boosting the built environment's capacity to promote sustainability. Consequently, this study examines the components of green road construction practices in developing countries such as Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative research method, four hypothesised constructs identified from the review of relevant literature were tested. The views of 144 quantity surveyors, civil engineers and project managers within Ghana's three road agencies were elicited using a structured close-ended questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on the structural equation model (SEM) was adopted in analysing the data obtained.FindingsThe study's results reveal that the identified components: sustainable design, materials and resources, stormwater management and energy efficiency, significantly influence green road construction.Practical implicationsIt reveals the critical elements of sustainable road design and construction, aiding organisations, construction companies and legislators in making informed choices on road design and construction.Originality/valueResults from this study provide empirical evidence lacking in the literature about the main components of green road construction.

Application of a Portable Colorimeter for Reading a Radiochromic Film for On-Site Dosimetry

Radiochromic films have widely been used for quality assurance (QA) in radiation therapy and have many advantageous features such as self-developing visible coloration, wide dose range and easiness to handle. These features have a good potential for application to other fields associated with high-dose radiation exposure, e.g., verification of various radiation sources used in industry and research, occupational radiation monitoring as a preparedness for radiological emergencies. One of the issues in such applications is the elaborate process of acquisition and analyses of the color image using a flatbed scanner and image processing software, which is desirably to be improved for achieving a practical on-site dosimetry. In the present study, a simple method for reading a radiochromic film by using a portable colorimeter (nix pro 2; abbreviated here “Nix”) was proposed and its feasibility for diagnostic X-rays was tested with a commercial radiochromic film (Gafchromic EBT-XD). It was found that the color intensities of red and green components of EBT-XD were successfully measured by Nix over a wide dose range up to 40 Gy. Though some angle dependence was observed, this error could be well averted by careful attention to the film direction in a reading process. According to these findings, it is expected that the proposed on-site dosimetry method of combining a radiochromic film and a portable colorimeter will be practically utilized in various occasions.

Ring slot CP antenna for the hybrid electromagnetic solar energy harvesting and IoT application

The research proposed a compact antenna integrated with dual-function solar cells to optimize internet of things (IoT) communication devices and energy harvesting. The use of integrated solar cells with electromagnetic elements as antennas and energy-gathering in a design is a solution for wireless communication sensors and simultaneously electromagnetic and solar energy harvesting. Radiation performance testing of solar cell antennas and optical experiments were carried out to test the ability of solar energy collection. A double feed ring slot circular polarization (CP) antenna coplanar antenna with a configuration has highly sensitive to vertical and horizontal waves. It is to accommodate the impact of circular polarization wave and solar cell distortion on antenna performance. This technology promises green communications, renewable energy, and environmental protection to combine wireless communication and green battery components. The study presents the performance and design results of a double line-feed microstrip antenna circuit connected with CP antenna on the S-band for IoT communication by accommodating electromagnetic energy transmission. The importance of adopting an integrated radio frequency (RF) solar energy harvesting strategy rather than a single source method makes this research very significant in its novelty by optimizing the analysis of multiple signal access in IoT communications.

Abstraction and addition reactions of four γ‐lactones with H‐atoms and methyl radicals

AbstractThe five‐membered cyclic esters, or γ‐lactones, are promising candidates as biofuel additives and green solvent components. A comprehensive study of thermochemical and kinetic properties of γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), γ‐valerolactone (GVL), γ‐caprolactone (GCL), and γ‐heptalactone (GHL) has been conducted. The entropy, , specific heat, , enthalpy function, , and the enthalphy of formation at 298.15 K, , as well as the adiabatic ionization potential and single bond dissociation energies are reported. Bimolecular rate constants for the abstraction of H‐atom by H• and CH are presented on a per abstractable hydrogen basis; abstraction at the tertiary carbon site is consistently favored, while abstraction by CH lags behind H•. Addition reactions of H• and CH have high barriers and favor addition to the C‐center.

Exploring correlations between green coffee bean components and thermal contaminants in roasted coffee beans

This study evaluated chemical compositions of green coffee beans from multi-production regions and correlated this information with thermal contaminants in roasted coffee. Using multivariate statistical techniques, formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furan, 2- and 3-methylfuran were positively correlated with lipid, sucrose, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, margaric acid, linolenic acid and trigonelline in green coffee beans. Moreover, significant positive correlations between acrylamide (AA) levels with aspartic acid, serine, alanine, histidine, asparagine, protein, and caffeine was found in green beans. Despite this, 5-HMF, furan, 2- and 3-methylfuran showed negative correlations with active constitutes (neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeine, total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids contents (TFC)), and several amino acids, and there were slight negative relationships between AA and myristic acid, palmitic acid, chlorogenic acid, sucrose, lipid, TPC and TFC. This study provides valuable enlightenment for the selection of proper coffee beans for production of coffee with high nutrition and low chemical hazardous risks.

Inter-annual drought monitoring in northern mixed grasslands by a revised vegetation health index from historical Landsat imagery

Drought is defined as a natural phenomenon with comprehensive influences on ecosystems, economies, and the livelihood and health of people resident in the affected regions. Severe drought has affected the grassland ecosystem in the Canadian prairie region with increased frequency. Thus, it is essential to monitor the drought effects. With various temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions, remote sensing data can detect vegetation's dynamic responses to drought. The objective of this study was to monitor inter-annual drought in the northern mixed grassland, over the last thirty-six years by using remote sensing approach through a revised vegetation health index (VHIr), which combined the vegetation condition index (VCI), the temperature condition index (TCI), and the dead fuel condition index (DCI) together. Historical Landsat imagery was explored to establish the VHIr and this index was tested in the Grasslands National Parks (GNP), a typical conserved northern mixed grasslands region. The results suggested that the VHIr can distinguish dry and wet years effectively and a VHIr map was able to depict the spatial distribution pattern of the drought severity. Compared with the original vegetation health index (VHI), VHIr was more correlated with the dead-to-green biomass ratio. Meanwhile, the spatial pattern indicated that the valley grasslands had relatively low drought sensitivity; the upland grasslands experienced severe to extreme drought severity during dry years, due to a large amount of dead vegetation existed; and the drought effect on sloped grasslands was due to relatively sparse vegetation cover. In addition, VHIr was significantly correlated with greenness and wetness components derived from the tasseled cap (K-T) transformation but the correlation coefficients (r) varied between dry and wet years and among different grassland landscapes. This study expanded our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of drought severity in the northern mixed grasslands, which can facilitate natural resource management in the arid and semi-arid regions.

Er3+-doped Y4Al2O9 nanophosphors for advance display applications: Synthesis, crystal chemistry and down conversion photoluminescent investigation

A gel-combustion approach was positively used to synthesize a series of cool greenish light emitter Y4-xAl2O9:xEr3+ (x = 1–5 mol %) nanophosphors and their structural, vibrational, morphological and luminescent characteristics have been examined for display applications. Studies of X-ray diffraction and structural refinement show that synthesized nanophosphors are made up of a single phase with a monoclinical crystal structure having P21/c space group. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image manifests occurrence of non-uniform agglomeration of particles in the dominion of nano region. Emission spectra entail strongest band located at 549 nm due to 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition of trivalent erbium ion, producing greenish light. Concentration quenching (CQ) was attributed to exchange interactions (quadruple-quadruple), with an optimum concentration at 3 mol %. The lifetime of 549 nm emission decreases with higher Er3+ addition. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of Y4-xAl2O9:xEr3+ (x = 1–5 mol %) nanosamples were found in the greenish area. These obtained results of Y4-xAl2O9:xEr3+ (x = 1–5 mol %) nanophosphors are supportive for the usage of prepared nanophosphors as green component in display fabrication and other lighting foundations.

Effect of polyvinyl alcohol on the CO2 uptake of carbonated steel slag

Recycled by-products that capture CO2 are seen as a potential solution to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions produced by the construction industry. Steel slag has been used as an alternative binder to cement in the last decade and was most recently investigated as a CO2 sequestration material. However, the production of construction materials from steel slag is accompanied by the release of CO2. In order to achieve carbon-negative or -neutral production, it is necessary to increase the carbon capture capacity of steel slag. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the degree of carbon sequestration by steel slag when treated with an environmentally friendly solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The modification of steel slag with PVA treatment before and after carbonation was investigated using the mass gain method, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mass gain method showed that after carbonation, steel slag with a PVA content of 1.0% showed a 7% increased uptake of CO2 compared to 4% for the untreated steel slag. Analysis of the endothermic peaks and weight loss from TG thermograms demonstrates an increase in CaCO3 content by PVA treatment. According to the calculation of the mass loss from the decomposition of CaCO3, PVA contributes to an increase in CO2 absorption from 2.8 to 5.9% compared to untreated steel slag. The results reveal that carbon dioxide uptake by steel slag in the presence of PVA was mainly due to the increased formation of calcium carbonate, the reaction result between CO2, CaO, and Ca(OH)2. The results found by SEM show that after the carbonation PVA formed a porous structure in the pore space of the steel slag, covered its particles with a thin film, and formed a structure of polymer-bridge bound particles. The use of PVA as an activator of the process of CO2 uptake with the formation of carbonates and a stable microstructure offers prospects for processing steel slag into a green non-structure component.

PH-dependent redox properties of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its effect on respiration, photosynthesis and cell death in pea

The redox properties of the green tea component epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in vitro were studied and its effect on plant (pea) cells was tested. EGCG exhibited both pro- and antioxidant properties. In solutions, EGCG was oxidized by oxygen at physiological (slightly alkaline) pH values. Lowering the pH slowed down this process. Oxidation of EGCG was accompanied by the formation of O2-• and H2O2. In addition, EGCG functioned as an electron donor for peroxidase and, in combination with it, utilized H2O2. Exposure of EGCG to pea cells (leaf cuts or epidermis) suppressed respiration, reduced the transmembrane electric potential difference (Δψ) in mitochondria, and inhibited electron transfer in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Among the sites of the photosynthetic redox chain, Photosystem II was the least sensitive to the action of EGCG. EGCG reduced the rate of formation of reactive oxygen species in the epidermis, which was induced by NADH treatment and was registered using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescine diacetate. In vivo, EGCG at concentrations from 10 µM to 1 mM suppressed KCN-induced death of guard cells in the epidermis, which was determined from the destruction of cell nuclei. EGCG at a concentration of 10 mM disrupted the barrier function of the guard cell plasma membrane, increasing its permeability to propidium iodide.

GREEN LOGISTICS AS AN OBJECT OF GREEN BUDGETING: THE EXAMPLE OF ELECTRIC VANS EXPLOIT INCENTIVISATION

Abstract. The article is devoted to the application of financial-managerial tools of green budgeting in public policy implementation to stimulate such climate oriented business activity as green logistics at the example of need to enlarge electric vans exploiting in Ukraine. The aim of this article is to propose the financial and managerial tool of green budgeting organization to stimulate startups of electric vehicles producing for the more environment friendly exploitation of the transport within green logistics implementation. Equations for the financial calculations of future compensation within green budgeting and motivating interest rate of the loans for the e-vans buyers with the dwindling resources of the budgets is developed. The methodology is based on the application of financial calculations for the modelling the equations of the loans interest paying by case method. The results of the article show the application of financial technology, by developing and proposing the stimulation tool within green budgeting, which could be used for incentivisation green logistic by start-up's client to obtain more environment friendly transportation in linkage to sustainable public policy. Results of the case modelling prove the economy for the electric van buyer when it exchange on the van with internal combustion engine, which could be the reason to buy the e-vehicle from start-ups. Sturt-ups are interested to improve the e-vans configuration. The scientific novelty refers to the conception of the green budgeting and green logistics linkage in their synergy for the implementation such green logistic base as environment friendly transport. Incentive Coefficient of budget compensation described and applying on the example of vehicles renewal in the green logistics. The practical value of the paper includes the algorithm of regulation in green public policy and propose the tools of benefit interests for target budget loans. Further research may be necessary to develop recommendations for the use of particular indicators of calculations in dynamics of the green logistics components development. This will allow reduce the costs from budgets on the green policy targets providing.

A Review of Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Energy Storage Components Based on Stochastic Filtering Methods

Lithium-ion batteries are a green and environmental energy storage component, which have become the first choice for energy storage due to their high energy density and good cycling performance. Lithium-ion batteries will experience an irreversible process during the charge and discharge cycles, which can cause continuous decay of battery capacity and eventually lead to battery failure. Accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction technology is important for the safe use and maintenance of energy storage components. This paper reviews the progress of domestic and international research on RUL prediction methods for energy storage components. Firstly, the failure mechanism of energy storage components is clarified, and then, RUL prediction method of the energy storage components represented by lithium-ion batteries are summarized. Next, the application of the data–model fusion-based method based on kalman filter and particle filter to RUL prediction of lithium-ion batteries are analyzed. The problems faced by RUL prediction of the energy storage components and the future research outlook are discussed.