Green Banana Flour Research Articles

Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review.

Despite the growing demand for green banana (GB) products, there is no review study regarding their potential health benefits. We aimed to compare the health benefits among different GB products by a systematic review. We researched six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) from inception to March 2019. We found 1009 articles in these databases. After duplicate removal, we screened 732 articles’ titles and abstracts, and selected 18 potentially relevant studies for full-text reading. We added five records from the reference list of the fully-read articles and seven suggested by the expert. Twelve articles were excluded. In the end, 18 studies were considered for this systematic review. Ten studies were conducted with green banana flour and eight with the green banana pulp/biomass. Most of the GB health benefits studied were related to the gastrointestinal symptoms/diseases, followed by the glycemic/insulin metabolism, weight control, and renal and liver complications associated to diabetes. Only one study did not confirm the health benefit proposed. It is necessary to standardize the GB dose/effect to different age groups and different health effects considering the GB variety and ripeness level. Further studies are necessary to present better detailing of GB product and their health effects considering all the raw-material characteristics.

Preparation of instant green banana flour powders by an extrusion process

The preparation of instant green banana flour by using an extrusion process was studied. The effect of screw speed (SS, 600, 800 and 1000 rpm) and initial barrel temperature (BT, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C) was evaluated regarding the physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, wettability and solubility) of the green banana flour obtained after extrusion. Additionally, the powder materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The commercial banana flour (CBF) did not measure wettability due to the agglomeration of the particles and the solubility at 30 °C was 6.94 ± 0.78%. The powders of the extruded banana flour showed wettability values between 8.5 ± 0.89 and 56.5 ± 2.15 s, and solubility between 59.36 ± 1.02 and 80.61 ± 1.25%, allowing obtaining material with characteristics for the preparation of an instant drink. The powders of the CBF extrudes showed the characteristic XRD pattern of an amorphous material, losing the typical morphology of the starch and modifying the thermal properties (gelatinization temperature of the starch). These changes in the structure and morphology of the extruded powders of CBF make the flour more soluble in water. The highest solubility values (approximately 80%) were obtained for conditions of screw speed of 800 rpm and initial barrel temperatures of 40 and 50 °C.

Drum drying of unpeeled green banana pulp (Musa cavendishii) for bake stable fruit filling production.

There is a growing interest in food matrixes for the use of flour from unpeeled green banana in order to reduce waste in the production chain. Considering this, the present paper aims to studying the application of unpeeled green banana flour in the cold process performed to obtain bake stable fruit filling. The unpeeled green banana pulp (Musa Cavendishii) was dried using a single rotating drum, thus obtaining the flour. The dried flour was then analyzed for its chemical composition, amylose and resistant starch content, water absorption capacity and pasting properties. The drying reduced the amount of resistant starch and produced pregelatinized starch. The obtained flour showed physical and nutritional characteristics which enabled the development of the filling formula by using a central composite design combining levels -1 and +1, two axial points (± α), two central points, and chemical composition, water activity, Brix, and texture as response variables. The amount defined by central-composite design of unpeeled green banana flour, modified starches and other ingredients resulted in an elastic, viscous, bake stable fruit filling.

Optimization of the growth of Lactobacillus in skim milk added with green banana flour and determination functional properties

PurposeThis paper aims to study the effect of addition of green banana flour (GBF) in skim milk, provides a nutritional and functional contribution to this matrix when added. They have biological compounds like resistant starch, phenolic compounds, antioxidant compounds and others. The skim milk containing 1.08 per cent of GBF was chosen after a central composite rotational design and response surface methodology. The response variable was the growth ofLactobacillus plantarum(LP) andLactobacillus helveticus(LH).Design/methodology/approachDuring the fermentation process, the antioxidant activity, plasmid DNA protection capacity, proteolytic activity and inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) of the fermented milk was determined.FindingsAll variables were influenced by the fermentation time. The antioxidant activity evaluated by the ABTS radical presented values of 0.83 ± 0.04 µM Trolox.mL−1 and 0.79 ± 0.02 µM Trolox.mL−1, respectively, for the fermented LP and LH. The extracts fermented byL. plantarumandL. helveticuswere able to inhibit the oxidation of plasmidial DNA. The proteolytic activity was higher in the fermented with LH (1.16 ± 0.03) than in the fermented with LP (0.71 ± 0.02). The ACE inhibitory activity was higher in the fermented LH (59.01 per cent) than in the fermented LP (54.45 per cent).Originality/valueFermented milk with 1.08 per cent GBF presented positive results in the analyzed variables and could be studied commercially as a functional food alternative.

Effects of different drying conditions on the starch content, thermal properties and some of the physicochemical parameters of whole green banana flour.

The physicochemical and thermal properties of whole green banana flour obtained from oven air-drying (ODF) at three temperatures (50, 80 and 110 °C) and freeze-drying (FDF) were compared to wheat flour (WF). Lightness and yellowness were negatively affected by the temperature increment. The FDF samples exhibited higher a* and L* values and had the closest browning index to WF (P-value < 0.01). Also, the ODF50 samples had the highest emulsion activity, whereas FDF had the highest emulsion stability (P-value < 0.05). The oil holding and water holding capacities of the FDF samples were significantly higher than all other samples (P-value < 0.05). A higher resistant starch content was found in the FDF (46.72%) and ODF50 (44.58%) samples. The ODF50 samples had the highest amylose content and degree of crystallinity (P-value < 0.05) as well as the lowest gelatinization temperature amongst the green banana flour samples (4.69 °C). Oven air-drying increased the gelatinization temperature drastically for all GBF samples (P-value < 0.05). In conclusion, drying the whole green banana at 50 °C resulted in the least negative effects on RS content compared to the other drying temperatures investigated in this study and was the closest to the characteristics of the FDF samples.

Bolo de banana com frutooligossacarídeo

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar formulações de bolo com farinha de banana verde (Musa sp.) e frutooligossacarídeo, e avaliar o efeito da substituição da farinha de trigo pela farinha de banana verde, no que se refere às características sensoriais e químicas do produto proposto. Foram elaboradas três formulações de bolo, que foram avaliadas microbiologicamente (bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella sp.), sensorialmente (preferência, aceitação e intenção de compra) e quimicamente (umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas, fenólicos totais, radical difenil-picril-hidrazina e redução do ferro). Além disso, foram determinados os carboidratos totais e o percentual calórico dos bolos. As três formulações de bolo, estavam microbiologicamente seguras, diferiram sensorialmente no que se refere a aparência e a cor, sendo esses parâmetros estatisticamente iguais entre as formulações 1 e 3 e formulações 2 e 3. A composição química variou a umidade (22,82 a 28,67), os fenólicos totais (124 a 267,08) e a redução do ferro (4,45 a 10,18). A substituição da farinha de trigo por farinha de banana não influenciou a qualidade microbiológica dos bolos, a preferência sensorial e potencial de consumo, porém exerceu pouco efeito na aceitação sensorial e na composição química, sendo assim, diante das características observadas nas formulações de bolo com farinha de banana e frutooligossacarídeo indicam que são potencialmente atrativas do ponto de vista comercial e nutricional.

Aplicação de farinha de banana verde na substituição parcial da farinha de trigo em pão de forma

The objective of this work was to develop a sliced bread product with green banana flour in order to obtain high resistant starch content and good acceptance. Four bread formulations were studied, at concentrations of 0% (control), 15%, 20% and 25% green banana flour (Terra Maranhão variety). The green banana flour (GBF) was characterized as to color (L * coordinate and C * and h * parameters), and flour and bread were characterized with respect to chemical composition and total and resistant starch contents. Sensory acceptance of breads was investigated for the attributes color, flavor, aroma, texture, overall acceptance and purchase intention. The GBF presented light yellow color, with values of L * = 81.32, C * = 18.37 and h * = 89.51. The values (d. b.) for the other characteristics were: yield, 25.17%; moisture, 6.69%; ash, 1.60%; protein, 2.66%; lipids, 0.61%; total starch, 67.49%; and resistant starch, 56.29%. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) between the breads containing GBF, and the sliced breads showed lower protein value (8.64%) than the control (10.60%) and higher resistant starch content (2.91%) compared to the control (0.65%). Addition of GBF to bread did not interfere with the moisture, ash and lipid contents of the products. Breads with concentrations of 15 and 20% GBF received acceptance higher than 90% for all sensory attributes. The use of GBF in sliced bread at the 15% and 20% levels resulted in a product with high sensory acceptance (greater than 90%) and with resistant starch content 4.2 times higher than conventional sliced bread.

Effect of probiotic bacteria in composition of children's saliva

Probiotics are widely used in the food industry and may affect the oral microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of petit-suisse plus probiotic on the microbiota of children's saliva. Strawberry flavor petit-suisse cheese plus green banana flour without Lactobacillus casei (control) and with addition of Lactobacillus casei (probiotic) were prepared and used in the experiments. The feasibility of adding probiotic to petit-suisse was assessed over 28 days. Saliva samples from volunteers who consumed the petit-suisses produced were collected before the period of consumption of the products (T0), on the last day of consumption of petit-suisse (T1) and two weeks after the consumption stopped (T2 - post treatment). The samples were immediately fixed with paraformaldehyde in a final concentration of 2%, after which the bacteria of interest were identified by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and counted with the aid of an epifluorescence microscope. Lactic bacteria were viable between 108 and 109 CFU·g−1 for 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Both products (control and with L. casei added) were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the total number of microorganisms and Streptococcus mutans in the volunteers' saliva. However, only the product plus L. casei decreased density of Agreggatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, as well as being able to maintain the low density of Porphyromonas gingivalis post treatment. Therefore, the petit-suisse cheese developed showed the ability to carry probiotic microorganism, being a potential alternative for reducing potentially pathogenic microbiota in the oral cavity.

The effect of different thermal modifications on slowly digestible starch and physicochemical properties of green banana flour (Musa acuminata colla)

The effect of heat moisture treatment (HMT), annealing (ANN), and dual retrogradation (DR) on functional and pasting properties, digestibility of starch components of banana flour comprising rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) has been investigated, using native banana flour (NBF) as a control. Crystal type, relative crystallinity and morphological changes were characterised by XRD and SEM. HMT has markedly modified the pasting properties and resulted in the highest SDS content. HMT and ANN increased the relative crystallinity but DR decreased it. HMT and DR altered XRD patterns from B to A and A + B type respectively, while ANN did not change the XRD patterns. The NBF compact granule surface remained unchanged with ANN but changed to a more porous surface with HMT and DR, thereby increasing the digestibility. Crystal type and granule morphology affected the digestibility while relative crystallinity might change the pasting point.

Development of biscuits with green banana flour irradiated by 60Co: Preservation in modified atmosphere packaging

Banana it’s one of the most consumed fruits in the world but 20% of the production is wasted, mostly due to post-harvest losses, or because it doesn´t fit in consumers standards. Nonetheless, Green Banana Flour (GBF) can be an alternative to minimize these losses, further being a good source of nutrients, fiber, resistant starch and micronutrients. Considering the interesting possibilities of GBF utilization in the agrofood sector, the aims of this study, was the development of GBF cookies and preservation during three months in two different types of modified atmosphere. The experimental design considered GBF radiation with gamma radiation (1 kGy and 3 kGy), with additional packaging in modified atmosphere, using 100% CO2 or a gas mixture containing 2% O2; 88% N2 e 10% CO2. As a control, non-radiated GBF was used. In general, it was observed that samples submitted to 3 kGy radiation, had the best results. Besides, packaging with gases mixture showed higher efficiency for GBF cookies preservation, due to CO2 absorption by the product.

Chinese steamed bread fortified with green banana flour

Chinese steamed bread fortified with green banana flour

Developing a synbiotic fermented milk using probiotic bacteria and organic green banana flour

The addition of organic green banana flour (GBF, 0%, 1%, 3%, or 5% w/v) on the quality parameters of fermented milk was investigated (21days/5°C). Suitable viability of lactic and probiotic cultures (>6logCFU/g) and resistant starch level (3.01–10.29g/100g) were observed. 1% and 3% GBF addition increased post acidification, proteolysis and concentration of lactic and acetic acids, but at suitable ranges. Furthermore, it improved the fatty acid (long-chain) and volatile profiles, increasing aroma and flavor acceptance. 3% GBF addition resulted in higher firmness, lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and better aromatic profile than 1%, allowing the consumption of lower quantities of the fermented milk (100g) to provide the minimum daily intake of resistant starch. GBF at 3% is a suitable ingredient in fermented milk formulation, contributing to the development of a synbiotic product with shelf life of at least 21days.

Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp. AAA) modulates oxidative stress and colonic SCFAs production in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation

Dietary products with prebiotic properties have been used to promote protective effects during inflammatory process. Prebiotics are source of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Banana (Musa sp. AAA) is rich in resistant starch, which is used by colonic microbiota to SCFAs production. For this, we used the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of intestinal inflammation to evaluate whether intestinal anti-inflammatory effect is related to prebiotic effects. Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (5% or 10%) increased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration. The protective effects was also evidenced by reduction in extension of lesion, inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity, prevention in glutathione depletion, increased mucin production and mucosal healing. This way, dietary green dwarf banana modulates oxidative stress and colonic production of SCFAs increasing intestinal tissue protection and may be used as a complementary product to prevent or avoid relapse of symptoms in inflammatory bowel diseases.

The use of green banana (Musa balbisiana) pulp and peel flour as an ingredient for tagliatelle pasta

Abstract Green banana flour shows good potential as a functional ingredient for special-purpose foods, but there are no data in the literature concerning the use of a green banana pulp and peel flour for the development of products such as pasta. The aim of the present study was to develop tagliatelle pasta substituting the wheat flour with different concentrations of a green banana mixed pulp and peel flour. The pasta formulations were prepared replacing the wheat flour by the green banana mixed pulp and peel flour in two concentrations: 15% and 30%. A control formulation with wheat flour was also prepared. The green banana mixed pulp and peel flour presented higher ash, total fibre and total phenolic compound contents than traditional wheat flour. The pasta formulation with the addition of 15% green banana flour showed the highest ash content and the best sensory acceptability of all the formulations. It was concluded that it was possible to develop a tagliatelle pasta with satisfactory acceptance replacing the wheat flour by a green banana mixed pulp and peel flour.

Survival of resistant starch during the processing of atmospheric and vacuum fried instant noodles

Abstract The objective was to develop instant noodles (IN) made by atmospheric and vacuum frying processes, with addition of 10% of three different sources of resistant starch: resistant starch type 2 (RS2), resistant starch type 3 (RS3) and green banana flour (GBF) aiming the increasing of the fibre content. The IN obtained by atmospheric frying lost water faster and absorbed more fat. However, for both frying treatments, the RS3 noodles absorbed the least amount of oil. The greatest loss of RS occurred during the cooking stage. RS2 and GBF noodles presented a loss of RS of around 30% during steam cooking, while the RS3 approximately 18%. The frying process decreased RS content of noodles, however, during both frying process, the samples with the highest RS content at all frying times were noodles containing RS3. When comparing products obtained after 90 and 120 s of atmospheric and vacuum frying, respectively, it was observed that, although the frying time in vacuum process was longer, higher RS values were obtained for the three different formulations. The vacuum frying process has advantages due to the lower fat absorption (3% less), lighter colour and a reduced conversion of RS to digestible starch, compared to atmospheric frying.

Sensory optimization of nutritionally enriched strawberry yogurt

PurposePeople are increasingly concerned about food and health and are seeking enriched products. One way to add nutritional value to yogurt consists of the addition of nutritional flour. However, it is necessary to optimize formulations that meet the consumers’ expectations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to aim at sensory optimization of a strawberry yogurt enriched with different flours.Design/methodology/approachThe optimal concentrations of each flour were defined using the Just-about-right-scale test. Then, an acceptance test was used to assess the samples at optimal concentrations.FindingsIt was observed that the strawberry yogurt should include 1.275 percent golden flaxseed flour, 1.093 percent green banana flour, 1.075 percent eggplant flour and 3.420 percent oatmeal flour. All formulations had good acceptability and the yogurt added with the addition of golden flax flour and the traditional product received similar sensory acceptance. Thus, it is possible to add nutritional value to strawberry yogurt by maintaining its sensory quality.Research limitations/implicationsMore detailed studies on the shelf-life of yogurt are necessary to enable the incorporation of flours into yogurt as heat, light and oxygen can reduce the beneficial effects of flours. Therefore, researchers should test the proposed propositions further.Practical implicationsOptimization of an enriched yogurt is a good alternative to provide a product that meets consumers’ expectations, besides adding value to the product. However, there are technological challenges when adding functional components in foods. Thus, this study aimed at sensory optimization of a strawberry yogurt enriched with different flours.Social implicationsThe authors aimed to provide a healthy product to the market as well as contribute toward product variety in the market.Originality/valueThere are few studies in respect to the sensory aspects of enriched yogurts. Therefore, this work will aid future studies, supporting the optimization of functional products and contributing toward product variety in the market.

Impact of Green Pulp Banana and Flaxseed Flour on Pound Cake Quality

The study investigated the combined effects of different levels of green pulp banana and flaxseed flour on the technological properties of pound cake. The effect of these ingredients was observed on the physical properties of the pound cakes (specific volume, symmetry, moisture and weight loss). The data were evaluated by response surface and the optimized formulation was evaluated, along with the control, through sensorial analysis, proximate composition and crumb porosity. A significant influence of the ingredients on the specific volume was observed, leading to their reduction. There was influence of green pulp banana on moisture and weight loss. In this way, the optimized formulation was established with 11.5% of green pulp banana and 5% of flaxseed flour. The optimized formulation had a higher content of protein, ash and fat and lower carbohydrate content than the control formulation. In addition, there were no significant differences between the sensorial attributes evaluated, with texture exception.

Material balance, proximate and functional analysis of green banana flour prepared by cabinet drying method

Material balance of the process involved in preparation of green banana flour is an important aspect to be overlooked. Unripe green banana flour prepared by pretreatment of banana slices with sodium metabisulphite followed by cabinet drying method, produced a flour with fairly white colour, good nutritive value and also yield was about 26 per cent. Proximate composition and functional properties such as bulk density, water absorption capacity, swelling capacity, foaming capacity, emulsification capacity and rehydration characteristics of prepared banana flour were determined. Also cost of production of banana flour was about Rs. 9.50/100g which is much less than any other advanced processing technique and is quite affordable.

Mechanically fractionated flour isolated from green bananas (M. cavendishii var. nanica) as a tool to increase the dietary fiber and phytochemical bioactivity of layer and sponge cakes.

This article describes the effect of mechanically fractionated flours from green bananas on the nutritional, physical and sensory attributes of two types of cakes (sponge and layer). A plausible 30% replacement of banana flour in the formulation of layer cakes is demonstrated, finding only a small decline in the sensory perception. On the contrary, sponge cakes were noticeable worsened with the use of banana flours (lower specific volume, worse sensory attributes and higher hardness), which was minimized when using fine flour. Both layer and sponge cakes exhibited an enhancement of the resistant starch and dietary fiber content with the replacement of green banana flour (up to a fivefold improvement in RS performance). Moreover, sponge cakes yielded more polyphenols and antioxidant capacity with banana flours, especially with the coarse fraction. Therefore, results showed that a mechanical fractionation allowed a feasible nutritional enhancement of cakes with the use of banana flours.

Production of healthier bologna type sausages using pork skin and green banana flour as a fat replacers

The effect of pork skin (PS) and green banana flour (GBF) on the physicochemical, technological, microbiological, and sensory properties of Bologna-type sausages was assessed. For this propose, six batches were manufactured: control (formulated with 20% fat) and five treatments replacing 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of pork-fat by a mixture of PS, water, and GBF (1:2:2). Fat contents significantly (P<0.05) decreased, while moisture, resistant starch and ash levels significantly (P<0.05) increased with the addition of PS and GBF gel. Lower cooking loss and higher emulsion stability (P<0.05) were observed in the modified treatments. No difference was observed between the treatments for the microbiological quality. The substitution of up to 60% fat did not influence (P>0.05) on color (L*, a*, b*, and whiteness), texture parameters, and sensory acceptability. Therefore, healthier Bologna type sausages could be produced by replacing up to 60% of the fat with a mixture of PS, water, and GBF without depreciating product's quality.