Green Background Research Articles

Paving the Ecological Foundation of New Industrialization with Green and Low-Carbon Development

Since its inception, the new industrialization has incorporated green and low-carbon into its characteristics. Against the backdrop of the interweaving of global economic development and environmental protection, green development is an inevitable choice for China to break through resource and environmental constraints and promote the development of new industrialization. This article first analyzes the connotation and characteristics of new industrialization and green low-carbon, and then introduces the practical experience of green development in the European Union, the United States, and China. The European Union focuses on transforming energy structure and promoting innovation in green technologies, the United States focuses on supporting green low-carbon development through legislation and building market mechanisms, while China actively explores from top to bottom through policy guidance, industrial transformation, and energy system optimization. Based on domestic and foreign experiences, this article proposes to strengthen the division of responsibilities, improve supply levels, optimize energy structure, and other aspects to cultivate a green background for new industrialization.

CEO green background and enterprise green innovation

Utilizing data from A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2021, this paper delves into the influence of CEOs' green backgrounds on corporate green innovation and the moderating effect of ownership concentration. The results indicate that a CEO's green background significantly and positively enhances corporate green innovation. Furthermore, ownership concentration positively moderates the relationship between a CEO’s green background and corporate green innovation. Additionally, the impact of a CEO's green background on green innovation is more pronounced in companies located in the central and western regions, non-state-owned enterprises, and non-high-tech industries.

Feasibility and usefulness of video-based markerless two-dimensional automated gait analysis, in providing objective quantification of gait and complementing the evaluation of gait in children with cerebral palsy

BackgroundGait analysis aids in evaluation, classification, and follow-up of gait pattern over time in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The analysis of sagittal plane joint kinematics is of special interest to assess flexed knee gait and ankle joint deviations that commonly progress with age and indicate deterioration of gait. Although most children with CP are ambulatory, no objective quantification of gait is currently included in any of the known international follow-up programs. Is video-based 2-dimensional markerless (2D ML) gait analysis with automated processing a feasible and useful tool to quantify deviations, evaluate and classify gait, in children with CP?MethodsTwenty children with bilateral CP with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels I–III, from five regions in Sweden, were included from the national CP registry. A single RGB-Depth video camera, sensitive to depth and contrast, was positioned laterally to a green walkway and background, with four light sources. A previously validated markerless method was employed to estimate sagittal plane hip, knee, ankle kinematics, foot orientation and spatio-temporal parameters including gait speed and step length.ResultsMean age was 10.4 (range 6.8–16.1) years. Eight children were classified as GMFCS level I, eight as II and four as III. Setup of the measurement system took 15 min, acquisition 5–15 min and processing 50 min per child. Using the 2D ML method kinematic deviations from normal could be determined and used to implement the classification of gait pattern, proposed by Rodda et al. 2001.Conclusion2D ML assessment is feasible, since it is accessible, easy to perform and well tolerated by the children. The 2D ML adds consistency and quantifies objectively important gait variables. It is both relevant and reasonable to include 2D ML gait assessment in the evaluation of children with CP.

Spectral-based estimation of chlorophyll content and determination of background interference mechanisms in low-coverage rice

The chlorophyll content is a vital indicator of rice growth and nutritional status. However, estimating the rice chlorophyll content using spectral-based techniques at the early tillering stage is challenging because of background interference. Using the energy conservation principle, this study explained the spectral variation and background interference mechanisms of clear, muddy, and green algae-covered backgrounds. We developed mathematical interference models for the three types of backgrounds and determined their interference degree and influence mode. We developed rice chlorophyll content estimation models for unclassified and classified (clear, muddy, and green algae-covered) backgrounds using 12 preprocessing, four wavelength selection, and three modeling methods, and we explored the importance of background classification. Moreover, we found that the optimal chlorophyll content estimation model for the clear background was SS+UVE+CNN, with R2 and RMSE values of 0.786 and 13.191 in the training set and 0.741 and 15.327 in the test set, respectively; that for the muddy background was MSC+GA+CNN, with R2 and RMSE values of 0.914 and 10.425 in the training set and 0.660 and 16.844 in the test set, respectively; and that for the green algae-covered background was DC+GA+CNN, with R2 and RMSE values of 0.904 and 9.111 in the training set and 0.688 and 17.694 in the test set, respectively. Our study could provide valuable insights into reducing and correcting background interference during proximal remote sensing data collection.

Cryptosporidium Infection Among Slaughtered Cattle in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria

Cryptosporidium is an enteric protozoan of gastrointestinal tracts that cause life threatening diarrhea in the young, as well as, malnourished or immune-compromised adult animals. It is sustained in the environment by continual shedding through asymptomatic carrier via contamination. This study evaluated the presence of 250 cattle prior to slaughtering at Igboora slaughter slabs, Oyo State, Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected per rectum processed and analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocyst which were confirmed by their Pinkish red spherical ovoid shape with halo against a green background. The age, sex, breed and body condition score of each of cattle were also noted. Out of the 250 sampled cattle, 22% (55/250) were positive for Cryptosporidium. Higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was detected in females (22.2%) compared to males (21.2%), and in the younger (23.3%) compared to older cattle (15%). Among the breeds of cattle screened, the highest prevalence was recorded in Sokoto Gudali (41.7%) while Cross breeds had the least prevalence (19.4%). Also, the highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was detected in cattle with lean Body Condition Score (29.4%). No statistically significant difference was observed among all the variables (p>0.05). This study has shown the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle slaughtered in Igboora. It is therefore advised that sanitation measures including proper sewage and dung disposal be put in place to prevent further transmission among cattle and to human beings .

Why do understorey Licuala palm fruits turn from red to white and then black when ripe?

Licuala ferruginea Becc., a tropical forest understorey palm, is observed to have fruits that appear red in colour when unripe, turning pink, then white, purple and finally black in colour as they ripen. We monitored 13 fruiting palms in rainforest fragments and recorded the consumption of fruits by animals via camera traps. We also documented the fruiting phenology of two palms in the nursery. In the rainforest fragments, a Cream-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex) was observed plucking a mature purple fruit from a L. ferruginea palm, before flying away with the fruit in its beak. This was the only bird that was observed feeding on the mature fruit. A range of mammals, dominated by edge species such as the Long-tailed Macaque and Wild Boar, were observed to consume L. ferruginea fruits indiscriminately across all five colour stages, thereby limiting the dispersal of the fruits. Forest bulbul gape sizes also matched the fruit size, suggesting that forest bulbuls are the likely dispersers of the palm in the original forest where edge species are not in high densities. We further posit that the initial phase of red fruits, with high contrasting red reflectance against a green foliage background, might be a form of early advertisement to birds. The fruit then turns pink and white, which have high green reflectance and is less contrasting, thereby reducing the conspicuity of the fruit. This allows the fruit to ripen with high fructose and glucose content, and turn purple and black, which are known visual cues for birds. This study provides indicative support for the dispersal syndrome hypothesis and highlights the potential effects of forest fragmentation on plant-frugivore interactions.

Irregular green netting of eggplant fruit peel: a domestication trait controlled by SmGLK2 with potential for fruit colour diversification.

The distribution of chlorophylls in eggplant (Solanum melongena) peel exhibits either a uniform pattern or an irregular green netting pattern. The latter, manifested as a gradient of dark green netting that is intensified in the proximal part of the fruit on a pale green background, is common in wild relatives and some eggplant landraces. Despite the selection of uniform chlorophylls during domestication, the netting pattern contributes to a greater diversity of fruit colours. Here, we used over 2300 individuals from different populations, including a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross population for candidate genomic region identification, an F2 population for bulked segregant analysis by sequencing, and advanced backcrosses for edges-to-core fine-mapping, to identify SmGLK2 gene as responsible for the irregular netting in eggplant fruits. We also analysed the gene sequence of 178 S. melongena accessions and 22 wild relative species for tracing the evolutionary changes that the gene has undergone during domestication. Three different mutations were identified leading to the absence of netting. The main causative indel induces a premature stop codon disrupting the protein conformation and function, which was confirmed by western blot analysis and confocal microscopy observations. SmGLK2 has a major role in regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis in eggplant fruit peel.

Underwater image restoration based on light attenuation prior and color-contrast adaptive correction

Underwater imaging is uniquely beset by issues such as color distortion and diminished contrast due to the intricate behavior of light as it traverses water, being attenuated by processes of absorption and scattering. Distinct from traditional underwater image restoration techniques, our methodology uniquely accommodates attenuation coefficients pertinent to diverse water conditions. We endeavor to recover the pristine image by approximating decay rates, focusing particularly on the blue-red and blue-green color channels. Recognizing the inherent ambiguities surrounding water type classifications, we meticulously assess attenuation coefficient ratios for an array of predefined aquatic categories. Each classification results in a uniquely restored image, and an automated selection algorithm is employed to determine the most optimal output, rooted in its color distribution. In tandem, we've innovated a color-contrast adaptive correction technique, purposefully crafted to remedy color anomalies in underwater images while simultaneously amplifying contrast and detail fidelity. Extensive trials on benchmark datasets unambiguously highlight our method's preeminence over six other renowned strategies. Impressively, our methodology exhibits exceptional resilience and adaptability, particularly in scenarios dominated by green background imagery.

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Graduate Education Effect Under Green and Sustainable Background

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Graduate Education Effect Under Green and Sustainable Background

Red Backgrounds Enhance Dominance in Human Faces and Shapes.

Red color signals dominance in both animals and humans. This study investigated whether a red background color influences the perception of dominance in human faces and geometric shapes. The facial stimuli consisted of computer-generated faces, quantitatively morphed into nine levels of dominance, ranging from less dominant to more dominant. This included East-Asian female faces in Experiment 1 and male faces in Experiment 2. The face stimuli were presented against three background colors: red, green, and gray. Participants were instructed to categorize the faces as either obedient or dominant by pressing the corresponding labeled keys. The results showed that faces were more likely to be perceived as dominant when presented against a red background than against green or gray backgrounds, for both female and male faces. Additionally, two questionnaire surveys showed that the perception of dominance also increased for shapes presented against a red background. However the effect of red diminished in the absence of the actual perception of the color red. These results suggest that the perception of dominance in both human faces and objects is enhanced by the presence of red, possibly due to evolutionary factors related to the perception of red.

Too hot to be innovative: Examining the relationship between high temperatures and corporate green innovation

A substantial body of literature suggests that climate change-induced extreme weather events, including high temperatures, can affect country-level economic output and growth. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about how extreme weather events affect the organizational moves, particularly their responses in the environmental domain, such as corporate green innovation. Building upon the attention-based view, we argue that high temperatures may lead to operational disruptions which require a shift in managerial attention, thereby impeding corporate green innovation. We have substantiated the negative impact of high temperatures on corporate green innovation based on the analysis of a sample of Chinese publicly listed manufacturing firms. Furthermore, we find that the top management team with green or technical backgrounds, two critical sources of informal expertise power, enables firms to redirect their attention and prioritize corporate green innovation, thereby mitigating the negative impact of high temperatures.

Detection and quantification of Na,K-ATPase dimers in the plasma membrane of living cells by FRET-FCS

The sodium potassium pump, Na,K-ATPase (NKA), is an integral plasma membrane protein, expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for maintaining the transmembrane Na+ gradient and is the major determinant of the membrane potential. Self-interaction and oligomerization of NKA in cell membranes has been proposed and discussed but is still an open question. Here, we have used a combination of FRET and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, FRET-FCS, to analyze NKA in the plasma membrane of living cells. Click chemistry was used to conjugate the fluorescent labels Alexa 488 and Alexa 647 to non-canonical amino acids introduced in the NKA α1 and β1 subunits.We demonstrate that FRET-FCS can detect an order of magnitude lower concentration of green-red labeled protein pairs in a single-labeled red and green background than what is possible with cross-correlation (FCCS). We show that a significant fraction of NKA is expressed as a dimer in the plasma membrane. We also introduce a method to estimate not only the number of single and double labeled NKA, but the number of unlabeled, endogenous NKA and estimate the density of endogenous NKA at the plasma membrane to 1400 ± 800 enzymes/μm2.

Environmental subsidies and green innovation: the role of environmental regulation and chief executive officer green background

Environmental subsidies and green innovation: the role of environmental regulation and chief executive officer green background

Vaccine Hesitancy Hotspots in Africa: An Insight From Geotagged Twitter Posts

Many social media users express concerns about vaccines and their side effects on Twitter. These concerns lead to a compromise of confidence which brings about vaccine hesitancy. In Africa, vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge faced by health policymakers in the fight against COVID-19. Given that most tweets are geotagged, clustering them according to their sentiments could help identify locations that may likely experience vaccine hesitancy for health policy and planning. In this study, we collected 70 000 geotagged vaccine-related tweets in nine African countries, from December 2020 to February 2022. The tweets were classified into three sentiment classes—positive, negative, and neutral. The quality of the classification outputs was achieved using Naíve Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVMs), decision tree (DT), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) machine learning classifiers. The LR achieved the highest accuracy of 71% with an average area under the curve of 85%. The point-based location technique was used to calculate the hotspots based on the locations of the classified tweets. Locations with green, red, and gray backgrounds on the map signify a hotspot for positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. The outcome of this research shows that discussions on social media can be analyzed to identify hotspots during a disease outbreak, which could inform health policy in planning and management of vaccine hesitancy in Africa.

Body composition estimates using a 2D image analysis system across different environmental conditions: An agreement study.

This study examined the agreement between %Fat measurements using a smartphone-based application (IMAGE) across different environmental conditions. A single reference image was obtained using an 8 MP smartphone camera under Ambient Light in front of a white background. Additional photos were obtained using a 0.7 MP, 5 MP, and 12 MP smartphone cameras; low-, moderate-, and bright-lighting conditions; and various color backgrounds including black, green, orange, and gray. %Fat measured using the 0.7 MP camera (27.8 ± 6.2 %Fat) was higher than the reference (26.8 ± 6.1 %Fat) (p < 0.001). The black (32.0 ± 12.0 %Fat), green (27.5 ± 6.3 %Fat), and gray (27.8 ± 6.3 %Fat) backgrounds yielded higher %Fat than the white (p = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.001). All camera, lighting, and background conditions were strongly correlated with the reference (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] >0.98, all standard error of the estimate [SEE] <1.5 %Fat, all p < 0.001), except the black background which yielded poorer agreement with the white background (ICC = 0.69, SEE = 4.5%, p < 0.001). %Fat from IMAGE were strongly correlated across various environmental conditions.

Study on the cognitive system and key issues of green and lowcarbon production mode and lifestyle

To promote the construction of ecological civilization and fundamentally solve ecological and environmental problems, it is necessary to form green and low-carbon production and lifestyle. This article focuses on the cognitive system of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyles, analyzes the key elements of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyle systems, and proposes typical scenarios and models of energy and electricity promoting terminal green energy consumption from an energy perspective. Based on economic and social perspectives, it constructs green cost guidance mechanisms and green behavior training mechanisms to comprehensively support the development of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyles, and accelerate the construction of a green background for ecological civilization.

The Relationship Between Colour and Music in the Art of Composer Ede Terényi

"From his early youth, the composer lived his whole life under the spell of colors and color combinations. His talent as an artist was already apparent at the age of six, when, in addition to his piano studies, he enjoyed drawing plants and flowers in school notebooks. He kept his first vase, on one side of which he drew a bouquet of flowers sprouting from a heart on a bright pale green background when he was in high school, and on the other side a deer flying through a bush and a pine tree. She always felt a special fascination for the pine tree, seeing it as a symbol, its scent, and its green color as magical. He was similarly attracted to green grassy lawns and the changing colors of autumn leaves, which he saw as a symphony. These childhood experiences are also reflected in his colorful graphics. This paper presents the relationship between color and music in Ede Terényi’s compositions, and the composer’s conception of tonal aesthetics, the relationship between tonalities and colors. Keywords: Ede Terényi, composer, music compositions, colors, tonalities, graphics"

Red and green defocus curves and duochrome test in different age groups

PurposeTo compare the eye defocus curves (DCs) obtained with stimuli on red, green, and white backgrounds and to investigate the applicability of the duochrome test (DT) in different age groups. Methods12 elderly (ELD: 59.3 ± 3.9 years) and 8 young (YG: 22.1 ± 1.1 years) subjects were recruited. An optometric assessment with the DT was carried out to obtain the subjective refraction at distance. DCs at distance on green, white, and red backgrounds were measured and the following parameters were deduced: dioptric difference between red-green, green-white, red-white focal positions (minima of the DCs), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and widths of the DCs for red, green, and white. ResultsThe DC difference between the green-white focal positions (mean ± standard deviation) was -0.12±0.17 diopters (D) (ELD, p= 0.012) and -0.11±0.12 D (YG, p= 0.039), while the red-white difference was not statistically significant. The DC red-green difference was 0.20±0.16 D (ELD, p= 0.002) and 0.18±0.18 D (YG, p = 0.008). The ELD BCVA with green background was significantly worse than BCVA with red (p = 0.007) and white (p = 0.007). The mean value of the DC's width in ELD for green (1.01±0.36 D) was higher than for red (0.77±0.21 D) and for white (0.84±0.35 D), but with no statistical significance. ConclusionBoth age groups showed a slight focusing preference for red when using white light. Moreover, ELD showed a worse BCVA with a green compared to a red background. Despite these results deduced by DC analyses, these aspects do not compromise the possibility of using the DT in clinical practice both in the young and in the elderly. Furthermore, the difference of about 0.20 D between red-green DC in both groups confirms the clinical appropriateness of the widespread use of 0.25 D step as the standard minimum difference in power between correcting lenses.

Using green background for dermatological images to improve deep learning-based image classification.

Using green background for dermatological images to improve deep learning-based image classification.

Plastic background colour matching in the springbok mantis

Abstract Within‐species variation in colour phenotypes is widespread in animals. One mechanism by which such variation can be maintained is plastic background matching, where individuals plastically develop a similar colour to that of their surroundings. A few examples are known from insects that exhibit green–brown colour polyphenisms. But the extent to which plastic colour responses are shaped by other factors, such as genetic variation in plasticity or the interaction of other environmental cues, is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the plasticity of body coloration in the springbok mantis, Miomantis caffra—a species where hatchlings emerge brown in colour and typically change to green but sometimes remain entirely or partly brown through successive moults. We reared 350 mantises from 10 full‐sib families on a green or brown background under a high or low temperature and a high or low humidity using a fully factorial, split‐brood design, and recorded colour phenotypes (all green, all brown or mixed coloration) after 14 weeks of development. We found very strong evidence of developmental plasticity for background matching: The green background induced a higher incidence of the all‐green phenotype, whereas the brown background produced more of the all‐brown and mixed phenotypes. The all‐green phenotype was also universally more common under higher humidity, and under higher temperature when the background was green. However, not all body parts showed the same level of environmental sensitivity: The steepest reaction norms were observed in the mid‐legs and hindlegs, potentially reflecting selection for disruptive coloration of the body outline in browner environments. Using model comparison techniques, we found little evidence of genotype‐level variation in colour plasticity—a pattern likely the result of strong viability selection for camouflage. Our study shows how developmental plasticity in coloration can be triggered directly by the colour of the environment and indirectly by climatic cues associated with habitat coloration. We argue that this high level of developmental plasticity has likely evolved due to the diversity of habitats but sedentary lifestyle of this sit‐and‐wait predator. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.