Greek Scientists Research Articles

FORMATION OF SOCIETY

This article discusses the society and the process of its formation. In the emergence of society, the views of ancient Greek scientists on the organization of society were analyzed.

THE HISTORY OF THE CHRONOTOPE RESEARCH

The article examines the concept of the chronotope and its significance in the field of philological research. It offers a historical perspective on the study of space-time, starting from ancient Greek scientists and extending to influential thinkers of our time. The interdisciplinary nature of the study of time and space is investigated by exploring the contributions of renowned philosophers (Zeno of Elea, R. Descartes, I. Kant), mathematicians (H. Poincaré, B. Russell), physicists (G. Galilei, A. Einstein), and geographers (Ptolemy, Eratosthenes) who considered these aspects prior to the introduction of the term by M. Bakhtin in philological discourse and O.Ukhtomskyi in the biological scientific field. Considerable contributions are noted from Western philologists such as T. Adorno, G.Prince, E. Said, J.-F. Lyotard, E. Auerbach, and J. Derrida, who studied the artistic chronotope as an aesthetic, philosophical, political, social, historical, and cultural category. The article emphasizes additional objects of investigation connected to artistic space-time, which have been explored by these scholars. They include aesthetic perception, textual community, simulacrum, and archival material. The article presents research and analysis conducted by Ukrainian literary experts, including I. Silvestrova, I. Kushnir, O. Horpynych, and N. Kopystianska, who focused on the peculiarities of time and space organization in Ukrainian postmodern literature. They emphasized the importance of depicting the chronotope through specific images, scenes, and dialogues to construct the inner world of the text. The main features of the artistic space-time highlighted in the works of these renowned scholars also include its utilization in various literary genres and cultural contexts.

The impact of highly skilled emigrants on the origin country's innovation performance: the case of Greece

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the impact of highly skilled emigration from Greece on the innovation performance of the Greek economy.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on a new, census-scale, database that includes all the Greek Ph.D. holders and on statistical information pooled from various secondary sources.FindingsThe mass emigration of highly educated Greek scientists that was exacerbated during the ten-year recession has had detrimental effects on Greece's innovation performance. Specifically, an increase in the number of highly skilled emigrants has a negative impact on scientific citations and on patent applications during the following year. An instrumental variable approach based on gravity model literature is employed to test the authors’ findings. The potential effects of these findings and policy suggestions are also discussed.Originality/valueThe study enriches the academic and policy discussion on the science and technology–related consequences of brain drain on the origin country. This is the first study that focuses on Greece – the country which experienced the highest emigration rates within the EU during the severe ten-year economic crisis – and sheds light on the impact of skilled emigration on its innovation performance.

Византийская философия в современной греческой истории философии

The article summarizes the main achievements of the historical and philosophical thought of Greece (XX-XXI centuries) in the study of Byzantine philosophy. Modern Greek researchers make a significant contribution to the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of Byzantine philosophy. Based on this basis, we can discover the origins, essential features and characteristic antinomies of Byzantine philosophy. The article examines the generalizing works of Greek scientists, in which Byzantine philosophy is presented as a holistic phenomenon. Greek scholars perceive Byzantine philosophy as an integral part of the history of national philosophical thought. Therefore, the position of modern Greek thinkers is interesting and has a special heuristic value

Аристотель и Птолемей I Сотер

The article discusses the influence of Aristotle on Ptolemy I. It is established that Ptolemy I managed to put into practice the ideas of Aristotle about a virtuous monarch and a state in which citizens lead a contemplative life. The reign of Ptolemy I fully corresponded to Aristotle's ideas of absolute monarchy. According to Aristotle, a monarch can have absolute power only if he has exceptional virtue. According to Aristotle, the main political virtue is prudence. This virtue is associated with making the right decisions in public administration. As we have shown, Ptolemy I was a very prudent monarch who managed to build a strong and prosperous state in Egypt. Also, Ptolemy I brought to life the idea of Aristotle on the establishment of a major research center. The Museum and Library in Alexandria became the place where Greek scientists and philosophers could lead a contemplative life in full accordance with Aristotle's views on the ideal state.

La recherche savante de la vérité par différents critères dans l’histoire des doctrines retracée par Sextus Empiricus

The purpose of this article is, firstly, to study the meaning and scope of the mental operation exposed in the search for criteria and, secondly, to show the convergences and divergences between philosophical schools in the choice of criteria. This mental operation is involved in the decision or judgment. Taking this operation for the center of gravity of this article, we divided this work into two sections. The first is to study the uses of the term "criterion". Then, it's a question of analyzing the different criteria that the Greek scientists of Antiquity use to seek either the truth, the relative or the subjective. These are the dogmatics. We also analyze the skeptics' practical "criterion" that consists of following appearances and observing the rules of daily life. We thus notice that each philosophical school uses the "criterion", and the use that it makes of it determines its characteristics. This is why we've different philosophers: the dogmatists and the skeptics who diverge very often on many points and sometimes converge on certain points

Comprehensive mapping of local and diaspora scientists: A database and analysis of 63,951 Greek scientists

Abstract Research policy and planning for a given country may benefit from reliable data on both its scientific workforce as well as the diaspora of scientists for countries with a substantial brain drain. Here we use a systematic approach using Scopus to generate a comprehensive country-level database of all scientists in Greece. Moreover, we expand that database to include also Greek diaspora scientists. The database that we have compiled includes 63,951 scientists who have published at least five papers indexed in Scopus. Of those, 35,116 have an affiliation in Greece. We validate the sensitivity and specificity of the database against different control sets of scientists. We also analyze the scientific disciplines of these scientists according to the Science Metrix classification (174 subfield disciplines) and provide detailed data on each of the 63,951 scientists using multiple citation indicators and a composite thereof. These analyses demonstrate differential concentrations in specific subfields for the local versus the diaspora cohorts, as well as an advantage of the diaspora cohort in terms of citation indicators, especially among top-impact researchers. The approach that we have taken can also be applied to map the scientific workforce of other countries and nations for evaluation, planning, and policy purposes.

Library Service Platforms (LSPs) Characteristics Classification and Importance Ranking through DELPHI Method Application

The purpose of this research is to identify the innovative features of the LSPs that differentiate them from the LMS, as well as to evaluate their importance, based on the opinions of the Greek information scientists. The method used is the Delphi 2-round questionnaire. The results show that the experts most value an all-in-one system that incorporates all modules within it, instead of different collaborating software. Interoperability between systems, the adoption of new metadata standards, the SaaS architecture and the multi-tenant model are also held in high regard. In contrast, the use of the mobile library applications feature has achieved low ranking.

Public visual images of Greek scientists and science: tracing changes through time

ABSTRACTIn the public field, a popular image dominates about scientists and science, involving an ambiguous and complex combination of stereotypes. In the present study, different dimensions of the public visual images of Greek scientists and science reflected in historical and contemporary photos are explored. Analysis of 971 contemporary and 209 historical photos of scientific researchers indicates that Greek scientists’ public visual images have improved over time in some respects. At the same time, the public image of their profession still preserves traditional stereotypic characteristics that resonate with popular but outdated images of science, widely adopted by the public.

Brain drain: The impact on taxation and measures to combat the brain drain

During the debt crisis the number of highly specialized Greek scientists who had migrated abroad surpassed 250,000. The reasons that led to this result include the mismatch of supply and demand for skilled human capital in Greece, the high rates of unemployment, as well as underemployment, and the increased in the tax burden and social security contributions. In order to tackle brain drain, a number of measures have been announced, focusing on reducing the individual income and corporate tax, lowering VAT rates and streamlining tax incentives for investors. Tax-related measures must take into account the new environment that has been shaped after the implementation of the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. In addition to that, they also must respect the fundamental freedoms and general principles of European Union law in general.

A critical analysis of agro-climatic parameters: Soil temprature, air temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure and net radiation in agro-ecosystem of Sesamum indicum L. in north-western arid region of Rajasthan

Climate is a major component of the environmental complex. In general, climate, as understood by the early Greek scientists, includes the general condition of the atmosphere such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind and other variables. The agroecosystem in the present study includes the following parameters: 1. Air temperature in°C, relative humidity in percentage and vapour pressure in mm of mercury at the ground surface and at different heights (5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 cm), 2. Soil temperature in°C at ground surface and at different depths (5, 15 and 30 cm) and 3. Net radiation in g.cal/cm2/min. These agro-climatic parameters were recorded on various stages viz., vegetative growth stages, flowering stage (i. e. at 50% flowering) and capsule stage (i. e. at 50% capsule formation by visual rating) at different times of that day i. e. 8.00, 14.00 and 18.00 h in the year 2016 at research site which was located in crop field of sesame at village Ridmalsar lying 20 km in north-east to the city Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. It can be concluded from present study that air temperature in profile, relative humidity distribution and also vapour pressure in the microclimatic zone (sesame agro-ecosystem) of the atmosphere varies with changes in the time of day (morning, noon and afternoon), change in height of profile (5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 cm) and stages of crop. The net radiation values also show increase from morning to noon in all the different stages of growth.

Effect of Aloe Vera in Oral Health-A Review

Aloe vera is a plant that belongs to Liliaceae family. The name Aloe derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning shining bitter substance while “vera” in Latin means true. There are more than 300 species of the aloeplant, but the Aloe barbadensis species exhibits the best medicinal properties. Aloe vera contains various minerals and vitamins and has got various properties such as immunomodulatory, antiviral and anti inflammatory in nature. The Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. It has its uses in various systemic conditions like skin disorders, bowel disorders, diabetes and in hyperlipidemic patients. It has also been used in dentistry for its beneficial properties in various conditions like lichen planus, apthous stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, pulpotomy of primary teeth, prevention of dry sockets, obturation of primary teeth, disinfection of irrigation units, bleeding and painful gums, disinfection of gutta percha cones, burning mouth syndrome and in radiated head and neck cancer patients.

The once and future language: Communication, terminology and the practice of science in nineteenth and early twentieth century Greece

Science appeared in modern Greece in the first decades after its establishment as a sovereign state in 1828. The University of Athens, the Royal Observatory, the Botanical Garden, and the Natural History Museum were quickly established as spaces of scientific activity. Greek scientists were enthusiastic participants in the emerging Greek public sphere, often not only as science experts, but also as poets, intellectuals and political personae. In a space whose cultural, intellectual and historical boundaries were still being negotiated, the choice of language was not a given but a pressing, sensitive national desideratum. This article examines how Greek scientists used languages to communicate with their peers and with their publics, how they handled terminology and nomenclature, and how the issues surrounding the Greek language in particular affected their practice as scientists. The article aims to show that, in nineteenth-century Greece, languages were not passive, neutral vehicles of communication, but rather integral (though tacit) components of the practice of science.

Greek scientists lose access to digital journals

Greek scientists lose access to digital journals

Acerca de la experimentación en el siglo V. La aportación herodotea

El experimento es utilizado como método de conocimiento por los científicos griegos. En el siglo V encontramos las primeras evidencias de su aplicación, si bien, las fuentes conservadas son escasas. En este sentido, la obra de Heródoto se convierte en un importante documento para valorar la aplicación de la experimentación en esta época.

Diferenciación sexual y teorías reproductivas en época clásica

El tema de la reproducción humana y todas aquellas cuestiones vinculadas a él, como la herencia, determinación del sexo, papel desarrollado por los progenitores o la naturaleza y procedencia del semen han formado parte del campo de estudio de los científicos griegos desde sus inicios, como se deja ver en la información que de estas primeras etapas de la ciencia jonia nos ha llegado. Algunas de las respuestas ofrecidas a estas cuestiones prefiguran las teorías actuales.

The innovations in science and technology as a demand for bio-better medicines in Europe.

The purpose of this review is to address the role of the scientific excellence of innovative medicines as the key element in the development process in Greece. The collected statistical information and data on the absorbability of funds for research of innovative medicines, diagnostics, and advanced drug delivery systems pointed out that the Greek scientists could take advantage of the "Horizon 2020" on the continuity of their investigation, whilst how the accumulation of knowledge at Greek universities and research foundations could be translated into industrial products with added value, safe and effective for the European consumers. In conclusion, this review also is considered to provide the potential benefits in order to adapt the signaling of the "Horizon 2020" for the development of a bio-better Europe based on scientific inspirations. This approach could be considered as an interplay between countries and even between the north and west located countries in the European landscape.

Versatility of Aloe Vera in Dentistry- A review

The Aloe vera plant has been known and used for centuries for its medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning shining bitter substance, while “vera” in Latin means true. The Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. Aloe vera has its uses in various systemic conditions like skin disorders (e.g. psoriasis), bowel disorders, diabetes and in hyperlipidemic patients. It has also been used in dentistry for its beneficial properties in various conditions like lichen planus, apthous stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, pulpotomy of primary teeth, prevention of dry sockets, obturation of primary teeth, disinfection of irrigation units, bleeding and painful gums, disinfection of gutta percha cones, burning mouth syndrome and in radiated head and neck cancer patients. However, future researches should be aimed to determine its best method of preparation, optimal concentration, time of application and effects on the oral cavity.

"Brain Drain" Phenomenon in Greece: Young Greek scientists on their Way to Immigration, in an era of “crisis”. Attitudes, Opinions and Beliefs towards the Prospect of Migration

"Brain Drain" Phenomenon in Greece: Young Greek scientists on their Way to Immigration, in an era of “crisis”. Attitudes, Opinions and Beliefs towards the Prospect of Migration Dimitris Theodoropoulos, Argyris Kyridis, Christos Zagkos, Zoe Konstantinidou Abstract The phenomenon of “brain drain” usually involves the flows of graduates from the less developed countries to more developed ones. The phenomenon of “brain drain” is interpreted in the case of Greece, which is a developed country, as a result of the low demand for scientific personnel in the Greek labor market. A new immigrating wave of Greek people who leave abroad has become enormous in the last three years. This time it is not about unskilled workers, who seek for their fortunes, but about new graduates, who are qualified and have acquired the knowledge that allow them to work in more developed countries. It is about a phenomenon that had begun before the elation of economic crisis and everything points to the fact that it will culminate during the next period of time. Finally, skilled international migration undermines the development, which is impossible to be accomplished without knowledge. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jehd.v3n4a21

Greek research capacity and economic hardships: a social network ripple effect?

The effects of the ongoing economic crisis on the Greek population have spurred a lively debate1 with calls for improved monitoring of vulnerability and prevention of poverty-related health threats at the community level. However, what happens if the necessary research capacity is seriously undermined by successive cuts in public spending, intensifying bureaucracy, and permeating uncertainty over the country’s bailout? Although Greek scientists still demonstrate good rates of research productivity and are highly esteemed, it is debatable if this will continue at the same pace. Despite the more optimistic point of view expressed by Malone,2 it is no longer ‘business as usual’ for most Greek scientists. Their ability not only to cope with difficult work conditions but also …