Greek Cypriot Research Articles

Classroom communities, language choices and accessibility to discourse: the case of a multi-ethnic/multilingual class of a private school in Cyprus

ABSTRACTThe paper reports on the results of a case study of a Year 9 class in a multilingual urban school. The study investigates issues of negotiation, accessibility and (legitimacy of) rights in the classroom’s dominant discourse and more specifically the ways in which the Year 9 students of a Private English School in Cyprus negotiate their identity through language choices and interaction in class. Focus is placed on choices or interactions that shape their positioning within the group’s whole and the school’s social landscape. The analysis revealed that the use of different codes functioned as different forms of power and legitimacy; the use of Cypriot Greek reflected the social value of solidarity and membership in the dominant community while English reflected power in terms of academic achievement and access and power in classroom discourse. The language of instruction appeared to have two-fold functions: it was both a code of access but at the same time a code of exclusion. The linguistic practices/choices employed by Greek Cypriot and non-Greek Cypriot students were linked to images of social groups and identities that reflected the multi-layered forms of participation in the school landscape.

The Use of Mixed Methods to Study Greek and Turkish Cypriot University Students' Attitudes towards the 'Other'

The aim of the current article is to discuss the importance of using mixed methods in social sciences research, by referring to Neophytou [1] methodology and results. Neophytou [1], using qualitative and quantitative research methods in the same research, arguably provided a general picture of the attitudes of Greek and Turkish Cypriot university students towards each other. The results of the quantitative research informed the development of the qualitative research. Some of the results confirmed those of previous research, whereas others where new and noteworthy. For example, the quantitative research revealed that attitudes towards the 'Other' and proximity with the 'Other' are positively correlated, something that was seen in previous research. Additionally, in both cases, Greek and Turkish Cypriot participants were more positive towards their in-groups over their out-groups, but surprisingly, Turkish Cypriots appeared less negative towards their out-group compared with Greek Cypriots. Students' concern about language and religion were obvious, though this was expressed mainly by Greek Cypriots. Turkish Cypriots appeared more eager to meet other cultures (East and West); they had heard, read and lived other cultures more than Greek Cypriot participants. The above and other findings raised new questions that were further analysed with the use of qualitative methods. The proper use of mixed methods gave a holistic view of Greek and Turkish Cypriots conceptions and misconceptions towards the 'Other Cypriot'.

Hocazâde Süleyman Şevket’in Gözünden Lozan Sonrası Kıbrıs Türkleri / Cyprus Turks After Lausanne Through the Eyes of Hocazâde Süleyman Şevket

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>After Turkey had approved formally that Cyprus was under the British rule with the Treaty of Lausanne, some of the Turkish Cypriot population that were accepted as Turkish citizens stayed in the island through British nationality, many Turkish Cypriots had to leave the island but in the later period, the challenges that the Turkish Cypriots experienced continued to increase. When compared with the Greek Cypriots, the challenges that the Turkish Cypriots who were quite backward in political, social and economic terms had were ignorance, poverty, non-organizing problem, and migration. Hocazade Süleyman Şevket, who was among the intellectuals trying to find valid solutions by examining the situation of the Turkish Cypriots, wrote articles about the situation of the Turkish Cypriots in the newspaper, Soz, one of the important newspapers of Cyprus. Süleyman Şevket frequently expressed his anxiety about the future of Turkish Cypriots and he also stated issues such as the inability to unity, ignorance, and poverty that were common among Turks dragged them into disaster and emphasized that these issues could be resolved only by modeling the Turkish Republic and the reform movements. In this study, the issues that the Turkish Cypriots had in education, culture and social life in the post-Lausanne period are discussed based on the article “How are the Turkish Cypriots?” by Süleyman Şevket. In addition, archival documents and other related reports of this period are examined comparatively.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Lozan Antlaşması’yla Kıbrıs’ın İngiliz yönetimine geçtiğinin Türkiye tarafından resmen onaylanması üzerine, o güne kadar Türk tebaası olarak kabul edilen Kıbrıslı Türklerden bir kısmı İngiliz uyruğuna geçerek adada kalırken, çok sayıda Kıbrıslı Türk de adadan göç etmek zorunda kalmış, ancak bundan sonraki süreçte, Kıbrıs Türkleri için yaşanan sıkıntılar artarak devam etmiştir. Kıbrıs Rumları ile mukayese edildiğinde; siyasal, toplumsal ve iktisadi bakımdan oldukça geri oldukları gözlenen Kıbrıs Türklerinin yaşadıkların sorunların başında, cehalet, yoksulluk, örgütlenememe sorunu ve göç yer almıştır. Kıbrıs Türklerinin içinde bulundukları durumu inceleyerek, geçerli çözüm yolları bulmaya çalışan aydınlar arasında bulunan Hocazade Süleyman Şevket, Kıbrıs’ın önemli gazetelerinden olan Söz gazetesinde, Kıbrıs Türklerinin durumu ile ilgili yazılar kaleme almıştır. Süleyman Şevket, Kıbrıs Türklerinin geleceğinden duyduğu endişeyi sıklıkla dile getirmiş olup, Türkler arasında yaygın olan; birlik olamama, cehalet ve fakirliğin, onları her geçen gün felakete sürüklemekte olduğunu, bu sorunların, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ve inkılap hareketlerinin örnek alınarak çözülebileceğini ifade etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Süleyman Şevket’in, “Kıbrıs Türkleri Ne Halde?” başlıklı yazısından yola çıkılarak, Lozan sonrası dönemde Kıbrıs Türklerinin eğitim, kültür, ekonomik ve sosyal hayatta yaşadıkları sıkıntılar ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, bu döneme ait arşiv belgeleri ve konu ile ilgili diğer raporlar da mukayeseli olarak incelenmiştir. </p>

Tradition, Authenticity and Expertise in and through Cypriot Easter flaounes

Flaounes are festive cheese pies that are widely produced and consumed at Easter time in Cyprus. Practices around flaounes offer a prime site for positive self-presentation, where performance of culinary expertise intersects with gendered roles and constructions of Cypriotness. This article explores how preparing, consuming and evaluating flaounes are interactionally constructed in everyday practices. It focuses on naturally occurring interactions, as well as written accounts and ethnographic interviews with Greek Cypriot participants residing in various regions of Cyprus and in the UK diaspora. In this article, an ethnomethodological approach to identities, culture and society is applied to analyse the participants’ local understandings of themselves and their social world and of categorizations of authenticity, tradition and change. It is shown that members, even when addressing the cultural and historical significance of flaounes, problematize categorizations of authenticity, while they construct tradition as compatible with innovation and change. Authenticity is found to be very much a researchers’ or food marketing concept. For participants, however, the categorizations that have more relevance and importance relate to the taste and quality of the flaounes and the expertise of the maker. Expertise in flaounes results from community learning, reflexive experimentation and contestation, and carries substantial symbolic, social and political capital in Cypriot communities.

Repairs and old-age categorisations: interactional and categorisation analysis

Abstract This paper examines the use of self-repairs in ascribing old-age categorisations to self and others in casual interactions among friends. Membership categorisation analysis and conversation analysis are employed to analyse self-recorded, everyday conversations of a group of older Greek Cypriot women with a long interactional history. The interactional organisation of old-age labels, and specifically instances of self-repair of age categorisations, reveal that members orient to old-age categories as hierarchically positioned and inference-rich. Members make relevant a very intricate set of expectations of who can be categorised by whom, with what specific age category term and at which context, partly because other-categorisations can also implicate one’s self-categorisation as old. Sequential and categorisation analyses provide a powerful analytical toolkit for the investigation of participants’ local system of self- and other-ascription of explicit -but also implicit- age identities. It is shown that the combination of membership categorisation analysis and conversation analysis can be extended beyond the analysis of turn-generating categories and can be instrumental in analysing flexible, context-shaped and agentively managed category identifications that also have currency beyond the local interactional occasion.

Intergroup contact and willingness for renewed cohabitation in Cyprus: Exploring the mediating and moderating mechanisms

One of the major challenges in divided societies is finding ways to overcome geographical partition by increasing readiness for cohabitation in mixed areas. Cyprus has faced a protracted situation of division (between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) for the last 44 years. In this paper, we explore the role of intergroup contact (both quantity and quality of contact) in enhancing the willingness of members of these two communities to reestablish cohabitation, using representative survey samples from both communities. We hypothesize that such an effect is mediated by a decrease in the levels of prejudice between the two communities and an increase in the levels of trust. In addition, we hypothesize that the direct effect of intergroup contact and the indirect effect of intergroup contact through trust and prejudice are both moderated by age. To explore these hypotheses, we collected data from a representative sample of 502 Greek Cypriots and 504 Turkish Cypriots. The hypotheses are tested among the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot samples separately. In both samples, the results show that the positive effect of intergroup contact on willingness for renewed cohabitation is mediated by both trust and prejudice. There is also some support for the moderating effect of age for both the direct and indirect effects of intergroup contact.

Double speech act: Negotiating inter-cultural beliefs and intra-cultural hate speech

This study investigates attitudes towards discriminatory speech among a sample of Greek Cypriot youth and aims to identify motivators/factors that might produce hateful attitudes. Questionnaires and face-to-face interviews are explored with corpus linguistics tools, and discourse analysis is used to evaluate the sample's intra-cultural attitude towards hate speech as well as the differences and commonalities in beliefs and attitudes towards the Other and the Self. We focus on the respective roles of salience (Giora, 2003) and common ground (Kecskes & Zhang, 2009) to explain the internal dialogue that is witnessed during the interviews. Intra-cultural beliefs and attitudes that incline to rejecting out-groups seem to be confronted with the pressure of external calls for acceptance that characterize the European discourse. This negotiated positioning of the participants is externalized in what we have called ‘a double act stance’.

Post-War Re-Settlements in Varosha: Paradise to Ghetto

Varosha (Famagusta) was one of the richest districts, and best known holiday destination of the region during the 1970's. However, due to the war in 1974, half of Varosha was closed to residents and the other half became a bordered city. The demographic structure, in addition to the physical and cultural structures of the city was therefore completely altered. Postwar displacement and re-settlement in Varosha is the focus of this paper. The main aim is to discuss the lifestyle in Varosha from a cultural perspective using memories from former and current inhabitants. To achieve this, a set of semi-structured interviews were conducted in which two main questions were posed during the interviews: 1) What was the lifestyle in Varosha before 1974? and 2) What was the lifestyle in Varosha after 1974? these questions were intended to shed some light on the post-war landscape of Varosha. For this purpose, researchers followed a chronological order: life before 1974; interview group a, six Greek Cypriots who were former inhabitants of Varosha. Life after 1974: interview group B, six turkish Cypriots who were displaced and settled in Varosha; and interview group C, six immigrant/settlers turks from turkey, who volunteered to move to Cyprus and settle in Varosha. The snowball method has been used to identify former and current residents of Varosha. The findings are based on interviews with the former, displaced and re-settled Varoshian residents. The interviews revealed how displacement affected the city and the former and current inhabitants. Analysis of the findings were categorized under three headings: 1) displacement from/to Varosha; 2) belonging and identity; 3) life style and culture of each group. The categorization is used to describe how displacement affected the city and its citizens. In other words, this research targets to describe pre- and post-war life (styles) in Varosha.

Use of Façadism in Divided-Walled Nicosia, Cyprus

Nicosia, the last divided European capital has been dealing with the scars of conflict since its permanent division in 1974. This division has had a detrimental impact on the historic part of the city, currently split half between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. This paper offers a critical examination of the use of facadism as an urban regeneration and heritage conservation approach, and contributes to a stronger understanding of the impact of conflict as well as division in the management of walled Nicosia’s heritage. The literature review reflects on existing theory and research on the topics of heritage conservation and heritage authenticity, while a historical overview of the Cyprus conflict aims to set the ground for the analysis of the introduced data. In doing so, the paper focuses on selected areas where the use of facadism has been observed, and concludes by demonstrating that the rehabilitation of the historic city varies, with selective heritage management due to conflict and division continuing to reflect on the built environment of the city.

Classic galactosaemia in the Greek Cypriot population: An epidemiological and molecular study.

Classic galactosaemia is an inherited metabolic disorder of galactose metabolism caused by deficiency of the enzyme galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) resulting from mutations in the GALT gene. The objectives of the present study were the determination of the carrier frequency of classic galactosaemia in the Greek Cypriot population and the molecular characterization of the disease alleles. We performed an epidemiological study involving 528 Greek Cypriots originating from all parts of Cyprus. Carriers were identified by measuring GALT activity in red blood cells and were subsequently subjected to mutation analysis. A total of five mutations were identified in patients and carriers of classic galactosaemia: a large deletion of 8.5 kb previously reported by us (55% of alleles), the known mutations p.Lys285Asn (30%), p.Pro185Ser (5%), and c.820+13A>G (5%), and a novel mutation c.378‐12G>A (5%). Interestingly, the most common mutation in European populations, p.Gln188Arg, was not identified in this Cypriot cohort. The carrier frequency for classic galactosaemia among Greek Cypriots was estimated to be 1:88, predicting a homozygote incidence of 1:31,000 births. The Duarte 1 and Duarte 2 variants were found to be present at a frequency of 5.5% and 2.5%, respectively.

The Transformation of Greek Orthodox Ecclesiastical Institutions in Cyprus, 1878-1931

In this discussion, I outline the transformation of Greek Orthodox identity in Cyprus during the first 50 years of British rule over the island. The year 1931 marks the first Greek Cypriot anti-colonial revolt (Oktomvriana), and the post-1931 period constitutes the period in which the Greek Cypriot goal of union (enosis) with Greece is forcefully put forth in the political agenda. In the article's opening section, I outline the main institutional and political changes of the post-1878 period. In this era, ecclesiastical institutions underwent a major internal transformation as the religious hierarchy reasserted its authority in the face of new and threatening legislation enacted by the British. In pursuing this goal the church hierarchs became increasingly involved in the politics of Greek Cypriot nationalism. This involvement was expressed in a twofold manner: on the one hand, the hierarchs succeeded in legitimizing themselves as elected representatives of the Greek Cypriot community in the colonial administrative and legislative structures; while on the other hand, the church's extensive involvement in education allowed it to identify its own authority with the defense and propagation of pro-Greek national sentiment.

Turkey–EU Agricultural Relations and Its Future

The beginning of Turkey-EU agricultural relations is based on the Ankara Agreement establishing Turkey-EU relations. In the Ankara Agreement, it was decided that the (European) Community would provide economic assistance to Turkey for a period of time for the development of the Turkish economy, a customs union would be established between the parties in order to achieve the objectives of the Partnership Agreement, and a three-step integration process was foreseen in this regard. In the Ankara Agreement, a preferential transition has been provided to Turkey in traditional export products that have a significant place in Turkey's agriculture during the preparation period, which covers the 1963-1973 years. The nature of commercial and economic relations in the transitional period is determined by the Additional Protocol. With the added protocol, the agricultural sector was excluded from the Customs Union and it was decided to continue to implement preferential regime and to take measures towards Common Agricultural Policy until the end of transition period. Association Council Resolutions numbered 1/80, 1/95 and 1/98 includes important agricultural issues. Turkey's candidacy for membership was accepted with the Decisions of the Helsinki Summit on 10-11 December 1999 and negotiations started on 3 October 2005. Three of the 35 chapters determined by the negotiation framework document are related to agriculture (11, 12 and 13th chapters). With the start of negotiations, a two stage screening process has been conducted. On 9 November 2006, the EU decided that the 8 chapters would not open to negotiations and no chapter would be provisionally closed until Turkey confirmed that it had fulfilled its commitments to the Additional Protocol (opening its ports of sea and air from Turkey to the Greek Cypriot administration). Among these chapters are Agriculture and Rural Development (Chapter 11) and Fishing (Chapter 13). Agricultural trade relations continue under the concessional regime. The EU is making frequent changes in the Common Agricultural Policy, and the target to adapt is constantly changing. With Brexit, the future of the EU has begun to be debated. Talks on the TTIP agreement, expected to closely affect Turkey's trade, have been interrupted. It is also discussed that agricultural and services trade to be included in the Customs Union. In this context, this paper aims to discuss Turkey-EU agricultural relations and the possible future of these relations. Keywords : Turkey, EU, agricultural relations, agricultural integration. DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-4-25

A review of addictive behaviors of Greek Cypriots: Profiles of associated problematic behaviors

This study presents a systematic recording of addictive behaviors in the Greek-speaking population in Cyprus. Furthermore, it presents the participants’ perceptions about the presence of addiction-related dimensions such as negative consequences, negative emotional context, positive emotional context, search for stimulation or pleasure, loss of control, and cognitive salience. Finally, the study extracts specific profiles of people who develop an addictive behavior through the extrapolation of common factors behind groups of associated addictive behaviors. A total of 175 participants took part in an online survey. Descriptive and factor analyses were used to answer the research questions. The results showed little prevalence of illicit drug use but high prevalence of Internet use and smoking. In addition, the association of addictive behaviors with positive emotions was confirmed, as well as the relatively low recognition of the negative consequences of those behaviors. Finally, the emergence of potential profiles of individuals who develop addictive behaviors appears to be possible.

Transitional justice and acceptance of cohabitation in Cyprus

ABSTRACTThis article draws on the case of Cyprus probing the acceptance of renewed cohabitation in post-conflict societies. Besides focusing on the two main communities on the island, the article also examines the views of the IDPs as well as the settler/migrant community. We identify variations in support for acceptance of renewed cohabitation across different population groups, looking at age, gender, income, refugee status, contact and past victimization within each group. In Study 1, we consider Greek Cypriot attitudes to the Turkish settler/migrant community and juxtapose those with attitudes to indigenous Turkish Cypriots. In Study 2, we compare Turkish Cypriots and settlers aiming to evaluate their attitudes towards Greek Cypriots. Findings show that, individual victimization, except a tendency related to the IDP status, does not account for variations in acceptance of cohabitation; those who support peace amnesties demonstrate more tolerance towards outgroup members and intergroup contact is mitigating inter-group intolerance.

Cypriot Emigration to the United States of America (1910-1930)

loannis Tserkezis, born in 1874, in Mazotos, a village in the Larnaca district of Cyprus, came from a poor family and was sent by his father to Smyrna, in 1888, aged 14, to seek employment to strengthen the family's income. The young Greek Cypriot's family was counting on help that would be provided to the young immigrant by his uncle (on his father 's side), who had been living in that multicultural Ottoman city for a considerable length of time. Despite his uncle 's efforts, the search for employment proved fruitless, and thus, after a brief period of time, Tserkezis was forced to return to his native country. He was not disheartened, though. He continued his efforts to find employment abroad during the years that followed. In 1899, he made efforts to settle in Alexandria and in 1902 went back to Smyrna, but both ventures proved unsuccessful. Up until then Tserkezis had chosen to emigrate to the most common destinations for the Cypriots of the time. That is, to Egypt or countries within the Ottoman Empire (Tserkezis 1988: 13-101).

Should a Military Base Be Established in TRNC?

Should a Military Base Be Established in TRNC?

From the Editor

From the Editor José Brunner National historical narratives tend to be moralistic, heroic, and often mythical. Private memories are more likely to be ambiguous and open to the future. With the exception of the first article, which critiques the way in which historical insights are attributed to an acclaimed novel, contributions to this issue explore how historical memory is affected by tensions and transitions between the private and the public spheres as well as between the local and the national. Authors of historical novels are often credited with being able to capture the lived experience of the past better than historians. Nathan Bracher questions this assumption via a critical discussion of the enthusiastic reception of Éric Vuillard’s L’Ordre du jour, which won the Prix Goncourt in 2017. The novel, which portrays events leading up to the Anschluss, has been applauded for taking us “behind the scenes of history.” However, as Bracher shows, this impression of realism is created by the author’s talent for cinematic representation and pointillist satirical portraits, whose appeal rests upon the popular suspicion of industrial magnates and a naïve understanding of historical processes. Each year in August thousands of Turkish Cypriots make a pilgrimage to Erenköy, a tiny village in the south of their island, to remember and mourn those who died there in a battle against Greek Cypriots in 1964. Rebecca Bryant and Mete Hatay’s ethnographic study of the commemorative journeys to this isolated exclave questions the well-entrenched categorization of historical narratives into the hegemonic and counterhegemonic, nationalist and antinationalist. They show that rather than rejecting the official narrative in the Turkish Cypriot community, which emphasized their victimization at the hands of Greek Cypriots and salvation by the Turkish military, the pilgrimages add countercurrents that stress the active role played by Turkish Cypriot fighters and mourn their sacrifice. Thus the commemoration of the battle has shifted from a celebration of a military triumph to an assertion of the agency of the local community. [End Page 1] In the early 1980s two radical left-wing groups declared war against the Peruvian state: the Maoist Shining Path, and the Soviet-inspired Tupac Amaru. In the course of the following two decades a violent conflict, in which all parties committed brutal acts, tore Peru apart. Martha-Cecilia Dietrich shows how the stories of insurgency and state violence that she was told by political prisoners and relatives of victims of the armed conflict undermine the dominant narrative of guilty perpetrators and innocent victims that silences more ambiguous and multifaceted memories in order to conform to current legal and political exigencies. Ann-Marie Foster examines the motives of war veterans and their families for donating personal objects from the First World War to the Durham Light Infantry Museum, a small regimental museum in the northeast of England. The letters that accompanied these donations reveal that especially first-generation donors were driven by the urge to find a safe repository for their memories to ensure their permanence, although in some instances their descendants later sought the return of some items, which they held to be an integral part of their family narrative. Foster argues that the transmission of memories from the private realm to the public domain of the museum places the museum at the intersection between communicative and cultural memory. In 1976 the Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, at that time part of Yugoslavia, established a Committee for Memorializing Historical Events and Personalities, which subsequently undertook to register and categorize all memorials in Croatia connected to the national liberation struggle during World War II and to establish criteria for commemorating the Partisans and “victims of Fascist terror,” in particular by establishing large memorial parks. In their analysis of the social and political factors that influenced the policy of remembrance in the 1970s and 1980s, Daniel Vojak, Filip Tomić and Neven Kovačev show that the Yugoslav regime’s official narrative of the war, which used a discourse of brotherhood and unity to obscure the ethnic affiliation of the victims of the murderous policies of the Nazi-backed Independent State of Croatia (Serbs, Jews and Roma), was gradually undermined in the course of...

КІПРСЬКЕ ПИТАННЯ В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ (1960-2004 РР.)

The article is devoted to the Cyprus issue in the context of the European integration processes from the Republic’s independence till the accession of Cyprus to the European Union in 2004. Forms and stages of Cyprus` integration policy were revealed in the article. The European integration was the main idea of the Cyprus history in the late 20th century and at the early 21th century. Therefore, the mentioned aspect became the subject of this research. Two lead strategies of the Cyprus policy towards European Communities were identified. The first one was the association within the framework of the customs union as a lead Cyprus policy in 1970-1980th. The second strategy was based on the principles of full membership in the European Union. The latter was occurring in the post Cold war era and had been succeeded in 2004. The home and foreign problems, formed so called Cyprus question, were characterized in the paper. Ethnic conflict’s consequences, artificial territorial division, unfinished peacekeeping operation were obstructing the European goal of the Cyprus Republic. European Commission considered Cyprus to be adjusted to the European high standards. Due to Greek Cypriot’s hard work for the juridical implementations and social and economic adaptations Cyprus was accepted to the EU. In the 1990s the European Union proposed its own way to maintain the Cyprus problem by proceeding intercommunion negotiations and UN Resolutions. This EU`s activity was failed in many points that was reflected in the paper. The British, Greek and Turkish opinion about the Cyprus integration was analyzed. The politic reaction of Greece and Turkey was also in the focus of view. An attention was paid to the Turkish community of Cyprus as a separated problem. The change of Turks Cypriots` status during integration policy of Cyprus was a prominent feature in attempting to solve Cyprus dispute. The Cyprus question is affecting the Turkish European policy badly. Therefore, this problem remains actual for the European history.

The Role of Borders in the Lives of Greek–Cypriot Enclaved Children in Ira Genakritou's Beyond the Barbed Wire

The Role of Borders in the Lives of Greek–Cypriot Enclaved Children in Ira Genakritou's Beyond the Barbed Wire

Homes Lost in Conflict: Reframing the Familiar into New Sites of Memory and Identity on a Divided Island

This article draws on the contents of the Turkish Cypriot Museum of Barbarism and a Greek Cypriot elementary level schoolbook to show how the image of the home, both personal and collective, can be used as an evocative framework for commemorating the conflict on Cyprus. The inherent familiarity of this image, its deep connection to our identities and its ability to evoke feelings of nostalgia and grief, hope and pain, make it a powerful trope around which memories of the many lives lost in the conflict can be constructed.