Great Thinkers Research Articles

A LETTER FROM SPECIAL EDITION EDITOR IN CHIEF - DR. KHRIEREIZHÜNUO DZÜVICHÜ

Oriental College Kohima has successfully organised a One-Day Multi-Disciplinary Conference on "Emerging Paradigms in Social Sciences, Humanities & Commerce for the 21st Century" on the 7th of December 2024. Research scholars and teaching faculty from affiliated colleges of Nagaland University participated in the conference, and a total of 13 papers were selected to be published in the International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH as a special issue titled Emerging Paradigms in Social Sciences, Humanities & Commerce for the 21st Century The distinguished keynote speakers of the conference were Professor Nigamananda Das, Head, Department of English, Nagaland University and Dr. Jasojit Debnath, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Nagaland University. The papers were presented with active participation and interaction with topics ranging from Naga history, craftsmanship, self-reliance, and the sheer ingenuity and resilience of the Naga forefathers to topics intensely in tune with nature and surroundings and how the Naga forefathers understood the phenomena of nature and the sky to the benefit of their awareness and survival. The importance of the traditional institutions like the Morung, and social concepts like dignity of labour, work culture and ethics of the Naga forefathers were presented. The presentations shifted gear to recent trends like the changing and challenging roles and dynamic transformation in the status of women and participation of women in Naga politics; the success stories of the farmers of King Chilli in making a community economically stable and self –reliant; inclusivity in education; NEP 2020; status of higher Education in Nagaland, etc. Comparative literature studies found platform with works like ‘Spirited Away’ by Hayao Miyazaki, Japanese animator, filmmaker and manga artist and Easterine Kire’s ‘A Terrible Matriarchy’ being analysed in depth alongside with insightful and thought provoking take on psychoanalytic literary criticism and Naga folklore. Papers dealing with the essence and the allure of folk poetry and the plethora of feelings and emotions of poetry added much discourse on the metrical composition of Tenyimia lyrical poetry in an innovative manner. The conference is organized with the objective to bring together academicians, scientists, researchers, scholars and students to exchange and share their knowledge, experiences and research results on the aspects of advancements in the field of Social Sciences, Humanities and Commerce, based on a multidisciplinary approach through intradisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdiciplinary research, which would benefit the academic world. The discussions during the paper presentations proved to be a great opportunity for exchanging knowledge among great minds. I express my sincere thanks to the publisher of Granthaalayah Publications for collaborating with Oriental College Kohima to motivate researchers with due recognition. Oriental College Kohima looks forward to take this partnership to the next level with substantial research contributions to promote collaborative studies in the emerging paradigms of Social Sciences, Humanities & Commerce. Sincerely,Dr. Khriereizhünuo Dzüvichü

ENSEMBLE MUSIC AS EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE RESOURCE. ONLINE SEMINAR REVIEW

Music has always been a magnet for the greatest minds of mankind considering it as a cultural phenomenon, as manifestation of Divinity, and as a specific art form. Philosophic studies of music nature show that origins of spiritual culture can be seen as deep as in the earliest civilization periods. Significance of music is determined by its contents, its narrative method and peculiarities of the musical language proper. Nowadays music is the factor that impacts formation of personality, its interaction with the society and its communication with the environment. Topicality of ensemble music, its educational and communicative qualities are conditioned by ever growing role of music as an art form in general, and ensemble music as its significant part in the constantly spreading information sphere. The purpose of the topic under discussion is to show the complex and many-sided character of music ensemble, starting from its philosophic basics and going to performance analysis of specific musical pieces. The authors’ tasks are defined by the discussion purpose and are achieved by presentation of variety of formative and communicative forms, methods and techniques in the work with young musicians in ensemble class. Results. Accumulation and summarizing theoretical and practical educational and tutorial experience with students in the process of moulding young musician professional and personal formation.

Реальность как сторона воображаемого в творчестве Ф.М. Достоевского

In many of his works, the great Russian writer and thinker F.M. Dostoevsky depicted the boundary between sleep and reality, reality and hallucination as flexible, which was noted by many researchers of his work. However, most attempts to comprehend this led to the idea that Dostoevsky’s lack of such a boundary was caused by the madness that struck his characters (K.V. Mochulsky, D.R. Khapaeva, I.I. Evlampiev). With this interpretation of the problem, the idea that reality exists in itself is accepted as a starting premise, and a healthy person sees it as it is, and a mad person sees it as it appears in their altered consciousness. Indeed, in this case, there is a gap in the thesis bequeathed to us by Parmenides about the identity of being and thinking about it. Thus, we are talking about an ontological interpretation of the problem. According to N.A. Berdyaev, Dostoevsky was the most important anthropologist ever before and after him. And F.M. Dostoevsky himself wrote that he was ready to spend his whole life dealing with what a person is, because he wanted to be one. This means that the problems posed in his works need an anthropological interpretation, and in this article philosophical and anthropological analysis is used as the main research method. If we approach this problem from a philosophical and anthropological point of view and raise the question of what reality is for a person, then we should conclude that a person does not know what reality itself is if it is not preceded by a sense of reality for him. Accordingly, we can assert that the plasticity of the boundary between reality and hallucination, dream and reality is not caused by human disease. It is not given to him at all to fi nd out what reality looks like in itself, for a person it is a side of the imaginary. Thus, we understand that a person does not live in the world, but in a picture of the world, and no reality in itself exists for them.

The Ideology of Reform and Historical Criticism Between Secular Islamic Thought and Fundamentalist Islamic Thought (Ahmad Amin, and Sayyid Qutb) Model

Reform is a call for renewal and modernity, therefore. Much study and refutation were attributed to it, in comparison with others, it always needs to be set and defined, that’s not for its difficulty but it’s connected to its concept with the ideologies of its advocates and their projection of its connotations and meanings on the contents of their projects and visions. For this reason, reform advocates had a dilemma in defining this concept accurately. This dilemma has dimensions that made it more obvious, by shedding light on the Ideology of reform and historical criticism. The research focused on two great thinkers with different ideologies. Ahmad Amin began his journey through research and exploration of the historical, religious, and intellectual life of the Arabs and produced several historical writings that reflect his ideology in the field of reform and historical criticism. But Sayyid Qutb had a classical fundamentalist tendency that was later translated into Qutbist thought, which was adopted by some Islamic groups, and from whose texts they took ideas for building their structure. The different vision between secular, "rational" Islam and fundamentalist, "extremist" Islam lies in the reformist and critical visions of each of the two trends. It can be said that historical reform and criticism of Ahmad Amin had a character that relied on reason before transmission and sifting through historical and classical texts. As for reform in Sayyid Qutb, it was a longing for the era of early Islam and a view of society as ignorant and far from monotheism, and that it must be reformed by reviving faith in it once again. Qutb showed this clearly in his writings and followed this approach in the process of historical criticism.

The Fantastic in Music

In this article, we aim to capture some of the ideas that have influenced the great minds of European compositional art and the sources of inspiration drawn from the realm of the fantastic, alongside a theoretical perspective on the concept.

Hidden Order in the Human World and Reasonings L. I. Antsyferova about the Psyche

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of hidden order and the comprehension of L.I. Antsyferova’s scientific contribution to the disclosure of its content. It is shown that the great thinkers of the twentieth century, first in relation to the physical world and then to the psyche, talked about the currently hidden properties of the objective world that can influence the essence of the phenomena under study. The point of view of D. Bohm, who was the pioneer in the scientific study of hidden order, is analyzed in detail. W. Heisenberg believed that understanding nature means discovering the purposefulness hidden wtihin it, supplementing causal determination. According to Heisenberg, there are intangible structures in the world to which human mind structures are correlated during comprehension. It is shown that the concept of hidden order is also crucial in the methodology of socio-humanitarian knowledge; “hidden” and “implicit” are the subjects of study in various sciences. Psychologists have made a significant contribution to the development of these ideas. The points of view of M.A. Kholodnaya on conceptual structures and N.E. Maksimova and I.O. Aleksandrov on psychological structures, which are the psychological basis for understanding the subject of the hidden order in the human world, are analyzed. S.L. Rubinstein stood at the origin of psychologists’ ideas about hidden order. His student L.I. Antsyferova has deeply and meaningfully analyzed the hidden order in publications devoted to the problems of psyche development, its determination, psychology of subject, personality and thinking. All of L.I. Antsyferova’s research is permeated with the opposition “explicit-hidden”; behind the visible reality of the psyche, she was always looked for the invisible. She repeatedly emphasized that behind the visible and familiar world, behind the world of “common sense”, a world of hidden relationships of things opens up to man.

DMYTRО DONTSOV’S TEXTS IN THE ASPECT OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS AND LEXICOGRAPHY

Increasingly, computer technologies in linguistics offer their advanced tools to process, store and select language data, which has triggered the fast development of the actual branch of linguistic studies – corpus linguistics. Through the use of large-scale empirical data and advanced computer technologies to reach objective insights into language function, linguistic corpora have quickly become invaluable resources. Data obtained through corpus analysis facilitate the drawing of qualitatively new conclusions about language and highlight research directions that previously received little attention. Despite substantial linguistic work on Dmytro Dontsov’s writings, there still exist a number of questions not studied so far. Among these are compiling a linguistic language corpus as well as a concordance of this prominent thinker, public figure, publicist utilizing modern methods to calculate and fix lexemes in order to identify their attributive collocation. Any available means of programming, facilitating processing language material of a big mass, have been realized to be an undoubtedly productive way to properly perform conceptual analysis and to serve as an additional tool for studying. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of the unique features of Dmytro Dontsov’s maxims in the aspect of corpus linguistics and lexicography on the basis of the corpus space that forms the linguistic vision of the world and is a source of creating lexicographical pieces of work (concordances, a writing language, a writer language, etc.). We emphasize that the creation of Dmytro Dontsov’s writing concordance has become the subject of corpus linguistics study for the first time. The subject of our study is the writings of Dmytro Dontsov, their lexicographical parametrization which provides all possible words with their description (phonetic, word-creating, grammatical), along with quantitative indices, i.e. it is the result of learning many linguistic disciplines, unified by the dictionary. The methodology of study is the combination of general theoretical methods (analysis, generalization, explanation) with the applied methods of linguistics. Analysis of the studied conception is grounded in “The Spirit of Our Antiquity” text corpus compiled by using the Sketch Engine program. On the basis of the analysis, it is found out that an electronic corpus provides the opportunity to accelerate language study and increase its effectiveness, probability and checkability significantly. The article reveals heuristic potential, practical effectiveness of the corpus and application of concordant technologies in conceptual studies. It was discovered that, the construction of the full concordance of the writings of Dmytro Dontsov will enable showing the picture of the world on the basis of learning the author’s lexical wealth and reproducing his understanding of the political situation. The created concordance is a stage of forming lexicographical works about Dontsov, which provides understanding of stages, methods, principles and peculiarities of compiling Dmytro Dontsov’s writing language dictionary. The multifaceted study of D. Dontsov’s writings is believed to be of importance. The concordance serves as a new material, important for politicians, journalists, teachers, students, for it is an entrance in a system of new words, filling with new ideas, and possibility to perceive the world through the nation-state aspirations of a great thinker. Realization of his project will help to create a political-intellectual product of great importance to offer bright prospects for future linguistic study, whose tasks are supposed to use linguistic material.

The impact of nasimi's ethical-didactic and philosophical views on personality development

The article examines and determines the influence of the poet's ethical, didactic and philosophical views on the formation of personality and their role in shaping the worldview of schoolchildren. The research established that the poet, who spoke against oppression, submission and falsehood, teaches the younger generation – students to defend their honor and dignity on the path of their beliefs. Teaching Nasimi's poetry in schools of general education plays a significant role in shaping the personality of today's youth. In this article, I analyzed Nasimi's works from a scientific and pedagogical perspective and concluded that the poet's moral-didactic views, which foster various positive moral qualities in individuals, have played an important role in the spiritual upbringing of many generations and continue to do so today. Nearly all of his works stand out not only for the poet's moral and ethical qualities but also for their scientific intellect, deep thought and remarkable courage, relying on folk sayings, folklore examples and the ideas of previous great thinkers. Overall, in the teaching of literature, alongside introducing national examples, it is also necessary to familiarize pupils with works that celebrate universal values when appropriate. This is highly important for personality development and moral enrichment. The principle of moral purity in Nasimi's poetry is the foundation of his ethical and didactic views. A significant part of his work consists of the laws of wisdom, justice, peace, truth, and values. Nasimi, who provides a sound explanation of religious ethics, highlights the problems that arise from human desires and ignorance. According to the poet, all problems stem from ignorance and a person must continuously learn and guide their lifestyle correctly. In this regard, along with teaching I. Nasimi’s legacy in secondary schools, the promotion of his works is also very important. The process of explaining and teaching the arabic and persian words, religious-political issues and historical expressions of that era used in his ghazals, as well as providing commentary and explanations, finds its place in the promotion efforts. This helps create an understanding of the art of words for children who show an interest in creativity. We know that the concept of personality is one of the most important categories in modern psychology. A person is both a biological and a social being, constantly acting as a synthesis of the various characteristics of the broader social system. The structure of personality affects a person's relationships with others and their adaptation to the social environment. Through their speech, a personality draws the attention and interest of those around them and can embody special qualities based on their external appearance. Nasimi, a great artist who continued and developed the humanist ideas of Middle Eastern literature, expressed his strong belief in humanity, human dignity and human potential, portraying humans as the creators of life and the true source of life’s beauty in his poetry. I. Nasimi's rich body of work, which expresses profound humanism, presents the complete ideal personality. In his poems, the poet repeatedly emphasizes that there is only one path leading a person to spiritual perfection and that path is the path of truth and justice. His boundless love for humanity reflects his desire to see every person as an individual and he believes that the main factor in becoming a perfect and faultless personality is self-awareness and self-evaluation. The social-psychological traits considered essential for personality, such as purity, conviction, and belief, influence human behavior and constitute a person's superior qualities. In general, in the teachings of Hurufism, self-awareness holds a significant place in the system of self-improvement. Through self-awareness, a person is internally purified, becomes active, refines further, and attains wisdom. In this regard, the teaching of the poet’s works in secondary schools plays an important role in shaping the younger generation as individuals. In this article, I examined and determined the impact of the poet's philosophical, ethical-didactic, and philosophical views on personality development and their role in shaping the worldview of secondary school pupils

Matthew 7:3-a response to Kingsland and Taiz (2024).

I present here a rebuttal to an article in this volume wherein Kingsland and Taiz (2024) cast aspersions about an article I have written concerning Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose (Minorsky PV, in Plant Signal Behav 16:1818030, 2021) a brilliant Bengali scientist who was a pioneer not only in physics (microwaves and semi-conductors), but also in elucidating the electrophysiological responses of plants to environmental stimuli. The charge of racism that I have levelled at Bose's most powerful and well-connected botanical adversary in the 1920s, Daniel T. MacDougal, is irrefutable: MacDougal was a racist, his racism extended to South Asians, and he used racist epithets in referring to Bose. MacDougal offered no cogent arguments against Bose's electrophysiological measurements but attacked Bose with the racist trope that South Asians were "mystics." MacDougal wielded his political and editorial clout to publicize faulty research in opposition to Bose while ignoring a sizable body of contemporaneous evidence in support of Bose's ideas. Unfortunately, given MacDougal's stature as the General Secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the racist tenor of the time, many Western scientists were too ready to accept uncritically MacDougal's proclamations that Bose was a fraud, an incompetent, and a "Hindoo" mystic. Bose was one of the greatest minds to ever contemplate plant function. It is high time that we, in the West, redress this historical wrong, and acknowledge Bose's enormous and revolutionary contributions to plant physiology.

THE ISSUE OF WAHDAT AL-WUJUD IN ALISHER NAVOI ONTOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY

This article is devoted to the problem of unity, which is the subtlest and mysterious problem related to existence, widespread in Muslim oriental philosophical schools. The problem of Wahdat al-Wujud (the existence of God), along with its pluralistic nature in Eastern philosophy, tried to shed light on the extremely ignorant approaches put forward by extremely fanatical trends and sects, their quality as a weapon of the dominant political ideology. The article reveals a subject in the philosophical heritage of the great thinker Alisher Navoi with very simple examples, with examples from the works of enlightenment, mysticism, and provides scientific and analytical conclusions.

The 2024 Presidential Address. The power of humility.

Physicians generally underestimate their potential to influence social progress, despite substantial precedents for medical professionals leading important societal transformations. The author believes that our times require we challenge the notion that physicians have limited influence beyond clinical settings. Our voice is powerful and important. It needs to be heard. In light of these considerations, the author chose "What Matters" as the theme of the 2024 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Annual Scientific Meeting held in Chicago on May 3-6. The topic was reflective of his personal conviction that physicians, by virtue of the public respect and goodwill maintained through their dedication to the art and science of medicine, possess unparalleled potential to enhance both individual and societal health and well-being. The 2024 AANS scientific program committee determined to create an unprecedented program that would allow the community of neurosurgery to engage with some of the greatest minds in American medicine, academics, journalism, technology and public life. All contributors were invited to weave their insights regarding what truly matters into a broad, thought-provoking intellectual and spiritual tapestry. Universally resonant themes such as empathy, innovation, resilience, leadership, value, trust and equity framed the cooperative dialogues, emphasizing our shared humanity and the core values uniting us-despite our differences. The objectives for the 2024 Annual Meeting were ambitious: to consider as a professional community themes of utmost importance to our professional and personal lives; to catalyze a profound reevaluation of our collective objectives; to envision an expanded common mission; and to inspire visionary leaders to collaborate on creating lasting value-both for the patients who are the principal focus of our shared devotion, and for society writ large.

Analysis of Similarities and Discrepancies Between Chinese and Western Hermits Based on Tao Yuanming and Thoreau

Throughout history, the word “hermit” has been a universal concept in both Chinese and western cultures. Chinese and western hermits keep harmony in diversity. To some extent, in terms of some core values, they step on the same paths. At the same time, differences also make them shine uniquely. In ancient societies and modern world, their simple lifestyle and unshakable pursuit of inner purification have inspired people to seek for the real themselves. Their great minds, unique attitudes towards life and extraordinary contributions have significantly promoted the fields of literature, arts and philosophy. This thesis takes Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau, who were typical figures of hermits as main examples, uses a comparative analysis approach, shedding light on the similarities and discrepancies between Chinese and western hermits. Additionally, it provides suggestions on how to live peacefully and easily. In our modern society full of involution and competition, it is of great significance to learn, inherit and internalize the precious spirits, thoughts and ideas from hermits.

Corrigendum to “Do Great Minds Think Alike? High-Ability Male and Female Students’ Perceptions of Mathematics”

Corrigendum to “Do Great Minds Think Alike? High-Ability Male and Female Students’ Perceptions of Mathematics”

Cheikh Anta Diop: The Great Thinker Awakening African Self-Consciousness

The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific and political activities of the outstanding African thinker of the 20th century—Cheikh Anta Diop, who is considered the founder of African historical science and a symbol of the African Renaissance. Written in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of his birthday, the paper gives a description of his multidisciplinary scientific activity in both the humanities and the exact sciences. Special attention is paid to his development of various methods of dating archaeological and geological samples, which helped Diop contribute to the study of human origins and the promotion of ideas that Ancient Egypt was inextricably linked with the African people. The paper also analyzes his political activities, from an activist of the student movement for the independence of Black Africa in France to the founder and leader of political parties in Senegal, and his opposition stance towards the political authorities of the country, including President L.S. Senghor—a stance based on his disagreement with the existing political system of Senegal, which he believed to be lacking democracy and independence. The work concludes by stressing the importance of the legacy of the great African thinker for modern historical science and the development of social thought in Africa. His works continue to inspire Africans and people of African descent around the world, despite the negative attitude of some representatives of the European school towards his theory about the origin of human civilization in Africa. In addition to his contribution to world historical science, the paper also analyzes the prospects for the future generation of African researchers who will be following in his footsteps.

La ortodoxia del modelo económico clásico y neoclásico: en hombros de gigantes

The objective of this reflection article is to vindicate great thinkers in economics who shaped the main theoretical postulates, philosophy and methodology of science, exposing their conceptual and theoretical framework for a comprehensive understanding of their most relevant contributions. In the development of the article, a historical description of the evolution of orthodox economic thought is offered, within a framework of analysis of recognition of economic doctrines from their historical, institutional, political, cultural and social situation, where their contributions are still significant for the interpretation of current reality, not in an absolute way due to the limitations of the assumptions, methods and historical interpretation of the authors, but with inputs that, objectively analyzed, provide validity and usefulness to economics professionals, and in general to all social scientists, for the exercises of positive economics of description, analysis and systematization of economic phenomena and of normative economics of intervention of reality through economic policy. The historical framework of the exhibition is until the 19th century, keeping in mind that, if the economy was built from classical and neoclassical orthodoxy, the alternative and subsequent currents are necessarily heirs, direct or indirect, of these giants of thought.

Niko Nikoladze about the problems and principles of state management

The article analyzes the views of the great Georgian thinker, "man of business" Niko Nikoladze on the problems and principles of state management. Most of these 16 principles of state management were based on the rich personal experience and vision of Niko Nikoladze - from 1875, Nikoladze was first the member of the Tbilisi City Council, and then, from 1894 to 1912, he was the elected head of the city of Poti 5 times in a row. This unique vision and great experience of Niko Nikoladze is still of great importance for the state building of modern Georgia, for the rapid elimination of its backwardness with the Western countries, for the creation of the state program of the country's management and for the correct personnel policy. Keywords: state, governance, pragmatism, realism, autocracy, democracy.

Today's cancer research and treatment - highly sophisticated and molecularly targeted, yet firmly bolstered in the classical theories.

Cancer research is linked to modern life-sciences, encompassing achievements in virology, yeast-biology, molecular-biology, genetics, systems-biology, bioinformatics, and so on. With these fascinating developments, it's easy to overlook that the fundamental theories and treatment strategies were established in the early 20th century and have remained valid ever since. Therefore, tribute must be paid to the founders of the field. The main hypotheses on carcinogenesis, the genetic model and the metabolic model, and the concept of cancer-treatment with cytotoxic, targeted or metabolic drugs were proposed more than 100 years ago by great minds such as T. Boveri, O. Warburg, and P. Ehrlich. Hence nothing about these cancer concepts is really new. Through development of powerful new technologies, we have been able to decipher the mechanisms of malignant transformation, thus significantly advancing the field. Our own studies have been focused on the cross-talk between cell-growth-signaling and lipid-metabolism in ovarian cancer to find crossover-points for co-targeting in order to achieve synergistic treatment effects. Notably, a side-effect of the application of current methods of molecular-cell-biology is a deeper knowledge of the laws of normal cell-biology and cell-life. Thus we anticipate the field will advance rapidly in the near future.

The view of the people in Nguyen Trai’s thought

Nguyen Trai (1380 - 1442) - A bright star in Vietnamese history, the most beautiful crystallization of the nation’s talent, virtue, spirit, and mettle, not only illuminating his era but also shine forever and ever. Nguyen Trai is not only a politician, a genius strategist, a cultural scholar, but also a great thinker. Nguyen Trai left our nation a valuable ideological heritage, of which the most prominent is Nguyen Trai's views on the people, expressed in the spirit of patriotism, love for the people, respect and sympathy for the people. people, in their deep hatred for the enemy; from the perspective of promoting the great role and strength of the people

THE THIRD RENAISSANCE MOVEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

This article examines the periods of rapid development in science and culture in Central Asia, specifically the First and Second Renaissance periods and their essence. It also addresses the activities, exemplary lives, and unique works of the great thinkers who lived and worked during those times. The article provides analytical insights into the glorious history of Mavarannahr, the gradual decline of science in the region, the processes leading to the end of statehood, and their causes and consequences. It offers relevant information on the scientific study of the great past, the lives and spiritual legacy of the scholars of the First and Second Renaissance periods, and the historical foundation for the Third Renaissance, as well as its relevance to real life, along with appropriate conclusions and suggestions.

ABU RAYHON BERUNIY QARASHLARINING FALSAFIY TAFAKKUR RIVOJLANISHIDAGI AHAMIYATI

This article is devoted to the important role of the ontological and epistemological views and teachings of Abu Rayhan Beruni, the great thinker of the Renaissance in Central Asia, in the philosophical understanding of the rings in the society of that time.