Greater Voice Research Articles

Primary Day: Why Presidential Nominees Should Be Chosen on a Single Day

Why do we have an Election Day but not a Primary Day? No aspect of the presidential nomination process causes as much controversy as the primary calendar. The calendar starts off in January or February of each election year and ends in June. Fifty-seven jurisdictions hold their primaries and caucuses over the course of these months. The Iowa caucuses always start off the calendar, and they are followed by the New Hampshire primaries. The results of these contests work to eliminate some candidates while they bestow momentum on others. More candidates participate in the first few nomination contests than in the last ones, meaning that disproportionate power is given to voters in states holding early nomination contests, while those in states with later contests are provided with less or no voice in choosing their party’s presidential nominee. In some years, a party’s presidential nomination contest ends before citizens in late-voting states have even had a chance to cast their ballots. To gain more influence and greater voice, states have consistently attempted to move their primaries forward in a process known as “front-loading.” This dynamic has led to calls for reform, as politicians, journalists, scholars, and citizens all try to rethink the primary calendar ahead of each election cycle. This essay examines the primary calendar and what can be done to change it. It begins by explaining why Iowa and New Hampshire always hold their nomination contests first, and it looks at how other states have tried to match Iowa and New Hampshire's power through front-loading. It also briefly looks at the 2020 primary calendar and explains how both major parties tried to play with the rules in 2020 to bring some stability to the presidential nomination process. This essay then turns to examine the one reform that a majority of voters consistently support: holding all primaries and caucuses on a single day. Scheduling a national Primary Day is important not only because the current staggered nature of the primary calendar privileges some candidates over others, but also because it favors voters and party members in some states over those in other states. The way to remedy this problem and to ensure that all voters are treated equally is to hold all 57 nomination contests on the single day. While scheduling a national Primary Day would appear to be a simple, direct, and fair way of selecting a party’s presidential nominee, a national primary also comes with its own challenges. A national primary would change the nature of presidential campaigns by shifting the resources and spending of candidates from low-population states like Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina to high-population states like California, Texas, and Florida. It would also diminish the aspirations of candidates with less money and name recognition by denying them the opportunity to build momentum in the early states. A related concern has to do with how votes would be tallied and added up in a national primary when the list of candidates running in 57 different jurisdictions could potentially be very large and no candidate wins a majority of these votes. Finally, there is the thorny issue of how a single primary date could ever be imposed on the states. Whether Congress has the power to set the date on which the states hold their primaries is a constitutional question that remains unresolved. Whether the national parties could muster the willpower to impose a national primary on the states also remains in doubt. As a result, while the benefits of holding a national Primary Day may be substantial, the path to getting there comes with its own challenges.

Contesting liberal internationalism: China’s renegotiation of world order

As the introduction to the special issue on 'Contesting liberal internationalism: China's renegotiation of world order', this paper outlines the theoretical framework of the special issue, namely international order and order contestation, and the main arguments of the four papers included in this special issue. Recently, a, albeit not the, key challenge to the liberal international order stems from the leadership aspirations of non-Western, non-liberal states, and their increasing demand for a greater voice, most notably China under the leadership of Xi Jinping. This special issue is constructed as a debate concerning the alleged challenges posed by China to both the political and economic spheres of the liberal international order. The four case studies and papers are grouped into two core themes: the impact of China's state-capitalist development model and practices on the liberal economic order, and China's attempts to transform norms and rules in security-related matters. The four papers aim to appraise Chinese discursive narratives and practices that would collectively challenge American liberal hegemony. Altogether they argue that a hybrid of order-building norms and practices is likely to co-exist alongside the prevailing liberal international order.

An International Investigation of the Institutional Factors Driving Sustainability Assurance

This paper investigates the impact of various factors associated with the adoption of sustainability assurance. Our objective is to find out the impact of country-level institutional factors (stakeholder orientation, voice and accountability, rule of law, investors’protection and long-term orientation) on sustainability assurance. Extant literature is scarce at country-level and specifically does not address the impact of cultural-orientation on sustainability assurance. This paper fills the gap and focuses on the cultural dimension (long-term orientation) in addition to other country-level institutional factors. Companies listed on the Sustainability Disclosure Database (http://database.globalreporting.org) constitute the population for this study. We filtered companies of large size from sustainability-sensitive industries which produced GRI-based reports in the year 2017. Our final sample comprised 196 companies from 41 countries. Using linear regression model, our results suggest that companies that are located in countries with weaker investor protections, greater rule of law, greater voice and accountability, and long-term orientation are more likely to adopt sustainability assurance whereas companies that are located in stakeholder-oriented countries are less likely to adopt sustainability assurance. This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the impact of cultural dimensions on sustainability assurance. Future research can explore other dimensions of culture and their impact on sustainability assurance.

Platform Labour and Structured Antagonism: Understanding the Origins of Protest in the Gig Economy

This article investigates why gig economy workers who see themselves as self-employed freelancers also engage in collective action traditionally associated with regular employment. Using ethnographic evidence from remote gig economy workers in North America, the United Kingdom and the Philippines, we argue that labour platforms reduce the risk of false self-employment in terms of the worker-client relationship. However, in doing so, they create new forms of worker dependency on the platforms themselves. We term this relationship ‘platform labour’, and demonstrate that it entails a ‘structured antagonism’ which manifests as perceived conflicts over platform fees, pay rates, and lack of worker voice. This creates desires for representation, greater voice and even unionisation towards the platform, while retaining entrepreneurial attitudes towards clients. By refocusing industrial relations on structured antagonism instead of the employment relationship we can understand conflict, protest and organising in new and diverse forms of work.

Adages for Ethical Graduate Mentoring in the Twenty-first Century

Adages for Ethical Graduate Mentoring in the Twenty-first Century Charlotte M. Canning (bio), Esther Kim Lee (bio), and Sara Warner (bio) We were among the fortunate ones, and even then we knew it. After graduating with our doctoral degrees, we got tenure-track jobs in top-ranked programs at Research 1 (R1) universities. We each knew brilliant and talented people in our graduate programs for whom this was not true. Our paths were not without challenges, including deeply gendered obstacles, but we are now in positions that come with many privileges. With these privileges, however, come an equal number of responsibilities to research, teach, and serve on and off our campuses. Of these responsibilities, the one that is the most challenging is our role as advisers and mentors to PhD students. The three of us defended our dissertations in a historical moment when we were taught to be like our advisers, and the goal of almost everyone in our cohorts was to be a professor. Although the job market since the 1970s has been subject to downturns, there was little discussion of the ultimate end-goal of doctoral education. Now, however, there are many questions surrounding the purpose of doctoral education and whether or not the professoriate is indeed the goal for everyone, or whether this can be a goal at all. We did not experience the level of uncertainty our students are now experiencing, but we want to be the best advisers we can to help our students navigate the changing landscape of graduate education. Earlier in our careers, we all believed that we could change anything, and that what we endured our students would not. Esther wanted to make sure her students of color would not be the only minority participants in a seminar or a conference panel, as she often was in graduate school. A first-generation college student, Sara was the only working-class member of her graduate school cohort and the only out lesbian in most of her classes. Charlotte’s program was all white and mostly women. She hoped, like Esther and Sara, for greater diversity and that women would not silently have to endure sexual harassment. To some extent that has proven to be true, and our students have a greater voice and more support than we did. These changes, unfortunately, are not enough that we can look with pride on the current situation in academia, especially when it comes to diversity, inclusion, and ethical actions. We are advising our students to navigate a market that looks nothing like the one we experienced. We struggle daily with the ethics of what we are doing: How do we know we are making the right choices? How do we fulfill our obligations with integrity? What does a respectful partnership with our students look like? In what follows, we share some of our thoughts on what we have identified as the biggest challenges we face as professors and advisers to graduate students. We place particular focus on the job market and the issues of diversity as a way to ground our conversation. By reflecting on our own career trajectories and the current trends in our field, we hope to shed some light on how we approach the critically important responsibility of being doctoral advisors and mentors in the twenty-first century. Ethics and Advising I: Jobs Contingent, Alternative, and Adjacent The ethical quandary that those of us who administer PhD programs must grapple with is not simply the question of employment in higher education, but what kinds of jobs our students [End Page 103] can hope to get and where. Of course, getting a PhD as a theatre academic/scholar has always been something like a leap of faith. Even when Charlotte entered the job market in 1991, she received letters saying that searches had been closed due to losses of funding or hiring freezes at the institutions holding the searches. Perhaps one part of understanding our students’ future is to stop implying a past golden age, which never really existed. This is not to say, however, that there are not significant differences here in the early twenty-first century compared to the late twentieth...

Impact of Environmental Education On the Knowledge and Attitude of Students Towards the Environment

Environmentally aware and empowered youths are potentially the greatest agent of change for the long term protection and stewardship of the environment. Thus environmental education which promotes such change will enable these youths to have a greater voice on environmental issue if effectively implemented in Nigeria. Hence, this study was conducted to assess students’ level of knowledge and attitude towards the environment. The survey was conducted on 130 respondents who were full time students of environmental education in a federal university in Edo state, Nigeria. The result revealed that high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards the environment among the students. Also it was observed that the relationship between their knowledge and attitude towards the environment is a negative, little or no relationship. Therefore, it was concluded that environmental literate students especially in tertiary institutions are being nurtured to foster EE in Nigeria. Thus the researchers recommend that more needs to be done to promote and encourage EE at all levels in the country especially by the government and its agency to ensure effective implementation; nongovernmental organizations and international bodies all have a role to play in the country sustainable development goals.

Establishing long-term research relationships with older people: exploring care practices in longitudinal studies

AbstractDrawing on a recently completed longitudinal research project with 96 participants aged 55+, the paper provides insight into the challenges of carrying out ethical practices when engaged in longer-term research relationships with older people. It builds on a body of work that purposely records in detail the ethical dilemmas researchers face, the options available to them and the rationale guiding their reaction. The Co-Motion research, led by the University of York, examined the impact of major later-life transitions on mobility and wellbeing, and was therefore focused on times of change that were, for some participants, accompanied by suffering. Over three years, the project used a range of methods to explore with each individual the dynamic nature of lived experience: change, continuity, endurance, transition and causality. The paper addresses the negotiation of informed consent over the life of long-term research relationships; the ‘care work’ involved; contested understandings of vulnerability; and the need for ongoing ethical reflection. The paper concludes by calling for greater reflexivity and suggests a more participant-focused approach to ethics in the field, demanding both greater self-awareness from researchers and allowing the participants to have greater voice in the research processes.

On the unraveling of \u2018revitalization of local health traditions\u2019 in India: an ethnographic inquiry

BackgroundIndia has recently renewed emphasis on non-allopathic systems of medicine as a means to address the health needs of its populace. Earlier in 2002, its national health policy had sought to ‘revitalize’ community-based health knowledge and practices – jointly christened ‘local health traditions’. Yet policy texts remain silent on the actual means by which ‘revitalization of local health traditions’ should take place. Our research sought to understand the policy lessons of and for revitalization of local health traditions in the three Southern Indian states through an ethnographic inquiry in 2014–2016.MethodsOur inquiry included a narrative synthesis of policy texts tracing the history of governance processes and mechanisms pertaining to traditional medicine, including local health traditions, linking this to the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and networks involved in “revitalization”. Through in-depth interviews, observations and case studies, we sought to understand the life worlds of local health tradition practitioners and what revitalization meant to them. Our method revealed that beyond a purely academic inquiry, we needed an (inter)action that would give greater voice to these perspectives and views leading to hosting an interactive dialogue among practitioners, NGO representatives, academics, and government officials.ResultsOur ethnographic inquiry unraveled the problematic of a litotic approach to local health traditions as those which are non- institutionalized, non-certified, non-documented; assuming the state to be the only source of power and legitimacy. Revitalization discussions were restricted (and often misled) by such an approach. Local health practitioners and others directed us to interesting possibilities of revitalization either through participatory modes of documentation of traditional health knowledge, strengthening existing collective forums for formal social recognition, and building pedagogical institutions that promote experiential learning.ConclusionWere we not enabled by ethnography as a method that changes its shape apace with emerging findings, we would have not been able to comprehensively answer our questions. This is critical because not only was this already a marginalized area of inquiry, but with any other method we risked reinforcing inequities by imposing epistemological and other hierarchies on our participants– whom we would argue were partners - in arriving at our conclusions.

Voice Abnormalities and Laryngeal Pathology in Preterm Children.

The prevalence of voice abnormalities in children born prematurely has been reported to be as high as 58%. Few studies have examined these abnormalities with laryngoscopic or videostroboscopic findings and characterized their laryngeal pathologies. To review voice abnormalities in patients with a history of prematurity and characterize the etiology of their voice problems. A secondary objective is to see if there is a correlation between the findings and the patient's intubation and surgical history. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all preterm patients seen in voice clinic at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Demographic data, diagnoses, and office laryngoscopies were reviewed as well as any speech therapy evaluations and/or medical and surgical treatments. Fifty-seven patients were included. Mean age at presentation was 5.1 (±4.3) years. Mean gestational age was 27.8 (±3.7) weeks. Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) perceptual evaluations included a mean overall dysphonia severity of 46.6 (±24.2). Patients who had undergone prolonged intubation (⩾28 days) in the NICU or had prolonged NICU stays (>12 weeks) had significantly higher overall dysphonia severity scores. Thirty-three patients with vocal fold hypo- or immobility had significantly greater voice deviance in breathiness, loudness, and overall severity compared to those without vocal fold immobility. Of all patients, 35% were recommended surgical intervention and 49% voice therapy. Intubation greater than 28 days and prolonged NICU stays are associated with more severe dysphonia in premature patients. There should be a low threshold for clinical evaluation of dysphonia in this unique patient population.

Negotiating the “Drunken Aborigine”: Alcohol in Indigenous Autobiography

ABSTRACTThis article approaches the question of how Aboriginal Australians describe their own experiences of drinking alcohol, sometimes to excess, and how they recover, through a reading of seven autobiographies alongside the scholarship on Aboriginal drinking. The evidence contained in these life stories stresses personal factors and adds to the picture we glean from the scholarship, whether academic or governmental, epidemiological, anthropological or historical, which explains Aboriginal drinking habits in more social terms. Thus, the autobiographies themselves make an important intervention into the scholarship on Aboriginal drinking. Beyond this, negotiating with the stereotype of the “drunken Aborigine” is unavoidable for Aboriginal people who write about their drinking and these autobiographies represent a challenge to this popular image. This article examines a previously unexamined discourse on Aboriginal drinking that goes some way towards undermining the public representation of a drunken Aboriginal culture while simultaneously giving individual Aboriginal Australians greater voice in describing their past and current experiences.

Price Efficiency on Islamic Banks vs. Conventional Banks in Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar & Saudi Arabia: Impact of Country Governance

This research investigate the impact of six dimensions of country governance to the price efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks. The empirical analysis is focused on the Islamic and conventional banks operating in the Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia countries. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) method applied to compute the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks. Then used the Multivariate Panel Regression Analysis with the Ordinary Least Square as an estimation method to investigate the potential determinants and the effect of country governance on the revenue efficiency. The empirical findings indicate that greater voice and accountability, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption enhance the revenue efficiency of both Islamic and conventional banks. The dimension of government effectiveness exerts positive sign relationship with the banks revenue efficiency only on conventional banks.

Tenzin Chodron: a scholar nun of post-Soviet Buryatia

Tenzin Chodron (b. 1951) is a scholar nun who has opened up new pathways for Buddhist women in the Republic of Buryatia. The paper describes how, at a critical juncture in the political and religious transition from Soviet rule to greater openness as a member state of the Russian Federation, she has endeavored to bring together scholarship, social activism, and religious life. An introduction to the Buddhist history of Buryatia serves as the backdrop for Tenzin Chodron’s autobiographical materials, which discuss her early life, education, professional work, and social engagement, with the aim of bringing to light the ways that women can realize their potential and play important roles in post-Soviet Buryat society. The example of Tenzin Chodron illustrates that, like men, women have the right to be ordained, at least as novices, and to be educated in the rigorous Buddhist philosophical tradition that has been carefully preserved through the cold winter of religious persecutions in this region of Siberia. Like many other nuns in the contemporary world, her active engagement in society is helping to shape a new international Buddhist conversation that gives women a greater voice and signals to Buddhist institutional authorities that women can indeed become Buddhist masters.

Does country governance foster revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks in GCC countries?

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the impact of country governance on the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks. The empirical analysis is confined to Islamic and conventional banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries banking sectors during the period of 2007-2011.Design/methodology/approach– The analysis comprises two main stages. In the first stage, the authors employ the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to compute the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks. The authors then used the multivariate panel regression analysis with the ordinary least square and generalized method of moments as an estimation method to investigate the potential determinants and the effect of country governance on the revenue efficiency.Findings– The empirical findings indicate that greater voice and accountability, government effectiveness, and rule of law enhance the revenue efficiency of both Islamic and conventional banks. The authors find that regulatory quality exerts positive influence on Islamic banks, while the impact of political stability and control of corruption enhances the revenue efficiency of conventional banks.Originality/value– The study on the specific revenue efficiency concept of Islamic and conventional banking is still in its formative stage. In regards, majority of the studies that examined the effect of governance on bank efficiency have focused more on the corporate or bank governance that affects the governance within the institution. Thus, to the best of the knowledge, no study has been done to address the effect of country governance on the revenue efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks specifically on the GCC countries.

To sit at the table, you have to know the language: important financial metrics for HR directors

Purpose The main thrust behind strategic human resources (HR) includes strengthening the impact of HR on the organization. In other words, strategic HR attempts to place the HR department on equal footing with other functional areas of business. HR professionals who understand both operational indicators and their decisions on various financial metrics have greater focus and clarity when making decisions. HR professionals with such knowledge are also more likely to be viewed favorably by their counterparts in other departments and have a greater voice in the executive suite and boardroom. Design/methodology/approach Interviews with board of director(s). Findings There has been a significant shift in the role of HR over the past several decades. The HR department has evolved from a role focused primarily on dealing with administrative issues, litigation and unions, to a department that drives strategy and adds value throughout the company. To continue this transition, HR professionals should have a solid knowledge of critical financial information, including financial and operational metrics and ratios. By combining this information with a strategic mindset, HR professionals are better prepared to add value to the firm, and they participate more fully with other members of management in determining the strategic direction of a firm. Originality/value A competent, strategically minded HR professional who understands not only people-related issues but also financial issues can “elevate strategic discussions” in the executive suite and boardroom. Just as financial statements serve to direct attention to operational issues and to spur responsive management decisions among line managers, so too can financial statements direct the attention of HR professionals to line items specifically impacted by HR policies and processes. When HR professionals consider the impact of their decisions on the financial statements and financial metrics, they become key players in helping the firm achieve organizational goals.

Reading Sacred Texts in the Classroom: The Alignment Between Students and Their Teacher’s Interpretive Stances When Reading the Hebrew Bible

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the voices of students interpreting Hebrew Bible texts in one fourth-grade classroom. Through think-alouds on the Biblical text with each student, exit interviews, teacher interviews, and classroom observations, this study found that those students whose interpretive stances were more aligned with the teacher’s were given greater voice in classroom text discussions than students whose interpretive stances were misaligned. Drawing on neo-Vygotskian education theory, I argue that Jewish educators need to take students’ interpretive stances seriously; attempting to force students into an interpretive framework that is set by the teacher will only undermine student learning and engagement.

Redrawing the Contours of the Nation-State in Uruguay? The Vicissitudes of Emigration Policy in the 2000s

This study analyzes Uruguay's recently launched emigration policy. It argues that the redrawing of the boundaries of the nation-state along non-territorial basis is still an incipient and contested process. The findings highlight some relatively under-explored explanatory factors: emigrants’ profile; political junctures requiring immediate commitment; the impact of rhetorical changes and post-neoliberal projects; presidents as policy drivers and sources of inconsistencies; and institutional deficiencies, inertias, lack of reform, and society's conflictive notions of nation and belonging as brakes. The conclusions indicate that the sustainability of emigration policy is contingent on the state's progress toward internal reform and society's ability to acquire a greater voice and more organizational capacity. Exploring emigration policy characteristics and sources of setbacks in Uruguay unveils the inter-mestic character of state transnational outreach efforts, qualifies and refines existing explanations, expands our understanding of new governance techniques, and provides some insights into the requirements for emigration policies to work effectively.

Aligning Civic and Corporate Leadership with Human Dignity: Activism at the Intersection of Business and Government

From a tradition of discourse ethics, human dignity can be defined as “being an equal member in the realm of subjects and authorities of justification.” Additionally, “to act with dignity means being able to justify oneself to others; to be treated in accordance with this dignity means being respected as such an equal member.” Conversely, “to treat others in ways that violate their dignity means regarding them as lacking any justification authority” (Forst 2013, p. 101). The guidelines found in Habermas’s “ideal speech situation” (ISS) are essential to guarantee this notion of human dignity. Based on aspects of Habermas’s (ISS), as well as Rainer Forst’s theory of justice, this study analyzes efforts made by the late speaker of Deutsche Bank, Dr. Alfred Herrhausen, and the former CEO of Alcoa and United States Secretary of the Treasury, Paul H. O’Neill, to challenge the way debt crises in the developing world were handled. Both leaders understood indebted countries, the livelihoods and dignity of its citizens, not as an external entity but as an integral part of their agendas. The two agents included underrepresented groups in their considerations and discussions through a proxy or surrogate participation, giving them a greater voice and acknowledging their dignity.

AB027. Developing capacity for variant data sharing in low and middle income countries: HVP’s Global Globin 2020 Challenge

The hemoglobinopathies, collectively, are cause for significant morbidity and mortality. Children are the most severely affected. Despite much of the genetics and biology of hemoglobinopathies being known for a long time, and being used successfully in some countries to systematically reduce burden of disease, many low and medium income countries remain practically untouched by recent developments in human genomics involving the systematic collection and sharing of variation data to fighting hemoglobinopathies (notably thalassaemias and sickle cell disease, but also G6PD). Commitment to systematic variant data collection is increasing, but this is occurring mostly in high-income countries where much of the diagnosis and testing takes place. There is a risk that countries with the highest burden of these diseases are being left behind in a form of “genomic divide”. Capacity to generate quality data on variants, to store this information so that it can be shared internationally, needs to be built in these countries. Tackling hemoglobinopathies is an ideal entry point for these countries to develop the necessary infrastructure and expertise that can expand into other areas of health. This genomic capacity will enable building: (I) the genetic evidence base for better management of delivery of local treatment, care and eventually even cure; (II) a foundation for genomic medicine by working with national, regional and local health care professionals to raise public awareness of the genetic basis of hemoglobinopathies. Global Globin 2020 Challenge has been initiated with two goals: (I) to see growth in the quality and quantity of curated inputs into internationally recognized genetic databases from low- and middle-income countries participating in the project, and to harmonize the sharing of all relevant variant data between countries in accordance with international best practice that integrates all the relevant ethical and regulatory frameworks and policies required to protect patients at the same time that the biotechnical procedures are developed; (II) to ensure that the storage, curation and sharing of the relevant DNA variation information is sustainable in the medium and longer term by expanding and strengthening the international network of professionals, including curators, researchers, clinicians, bioinformaticians, counsellors, patient groups and policymakers. Pursuit of these goals will raise the profile of genomic medicine in low and middle income countries in national, regional and international research organizations. It will also develop the capability of professionals required for diagnosing, treating and counseling carriers in low and middle income countries thus giving them a greater voice and profile among genomic researchers globally so they can actively participate in regional and international partnerships related to genomic research. Initially the GG2020 Challenge will focus on a group of countries that have already formed groups of the relevant professionals including: Belgium, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Malaysia, Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Venezuela, Vietnam, Portugal, and The Netherlands. Other countries are ready to be included as the project expands. HVP will utilize its relationship with both UNESCO and WHO to ensure that the necessary international standards and procedures are developed in a consultative and harmonized manner.

The Community Voice in Policing

The demand for a greater community voice in police policy has been a major part of police–community relations in the United States for over 50 years. Civil rights activists have demanded a greater voice as a way to reduce racially discriminatory practices by local police departments. For the most part, those demands have been rejected. Recent developments related to U.S. Department of Justice investigations and settlements with local police departments have introduced a new element in the community voice issue. This article examines developments in Seattle, Washington, and the implementation of a Settlement Agreement between the Justice Department and the Seattle Police Department. Community representatives gained a voice in the development of a new Use of Force policy for the police. The article examines the dynamics of that development and discusses whether it serves as a model for other communities.

‘Let them eat cake’: Bradman, the Board & the Packer Revolution

Sir Donald Bradman's role in the Packer revolution is largely unknown. As the Board's chairman in the early seventies, he paid players less than their market value which left them open to offers from outside promoters. As this chapter reveals, Bradman was not an astute businessman or an overly able administrator. His and the Board's refusal to bend to the players' demands for more money and a greater voice in the game's administration created the greatest rupture in Australian cricket history. Central to the dispute was Bradman's relationship with the Australian captain Ian Chappell. This chapter suggests that their differences reflected a generational divide between the Board and players that could not be bridged. The players had more in common with Bradman the player of the 1930s than Bradman the Chairman of the Board. It was the latter Bradman, and not the players, who sowed the seeds of the Packer revolution.