Greater Tendency Research Articles

Should I Reuse It or Throw It Out? Analysis of the Management of Household Plastic Waste by Brazilian Consumers during the COVID-19 Pandemic through Practice Lens

This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reuse of plastic bags from supermarkets among Brazilian consumers through the lens of practices. This qualitative research took place through the collection of records in digital ‘solicited diaries’ with interviews, using autoethnographic field diaries. The analysis process of the collected data took place through content analysis as proposed by Bardin (2014). From the results obtained, there was a greater tendency to dispose of plastic supermarket packaging and different performances to maintain this practice. These new procedures involve an increase in the consumption of cleaning products, such as bleach and soap, the addition of alcohol in this disinfection routine, and an increase in water consumption, which signals major impacts on the environment through the use of a natural resource in danger of scarcity and the release of polluting substances. The changes underwent in the performances invariably culminate in environmental impacts, either on the disposal of the plastic bags or in their hygiene for later reuse. These results alert to the challenges that governments, institutions, and individuals will have to face in an attempt to reverse the damaging effects of the pandemic on sustainability goals. Also, it contributes to consumer behavior in crisis-context literature, just as concerning the waste household.

Divided We Stand? On the Political Engagement of U.S. Economists

This article contributes to the debate on the role of normative values and political preferences among (publicly visible) economists in the United States. For this purpose, we conduct a social network analysis on the signatories of economist petitions, which we identify as one channel for economists to exert public influence. Our contribution is twofold: On the one hand, we provide an extended empirical basis for the debate on consensus in economics and the role of political preferences and normative values in economics. On the other hand, this article offers a viable tool to trace the normative charging of (prospective) economist petitions and economists based on the social structure of petition networks. The main empirical finding of our article is that there is a very strong partisan divide among petition-signing economists in the United States, which mirrors the cleavage within the U.S. political system. We also find that the bipartite partisan structure of the economist petition network increases with the political involvement of economists. This divide is particularly stark in the field of fiscal policy. A greater tendency towards consensus, in turn, can be found with respect to monetary policy, carbon pricing, immigration, free trade or market-based decision tools in general.

The origin of close massive binaries in the M17 star-forming region

Context.Spectroscopic multiplicity surveys of O stars in young clusters and OB associations have revealed that a large portion (∼70%) of these massive stars (Mi > 15M⊙) belong to close and short-period binaries (with a physical separation of less than a few astronomical units). Follow-up VLT(I) high-angular-resolution observations led to the detection of wider companions (up tod ∼ 500 au), increasing the average companion fraction to > 2. Despite the recent and significant progress, the formation mechanisms leading to such close massive multiple systems remain to be elucidated. As a result, young massive close binaries (or higher-order multiple systems) are unique laboratories for determining the pairing mechanism of high-mass stars.Aims.We present the first VLTI/GRAVITY observations of six young O stars in the M17 star-forming region (≲1 Myr) and two additional foreground stars. VLTI/GRAVITY provides theK-band high-angular-resolution observations needed to explore the close environment of young O-type stars, and, as such, offers an excellent opportunity to characterise the multiplicity properties of the immediate outcome of the massive star formation process.Methods.From the interferometric model fitting of visibility amplitudes and closure phases, we search for companions and measure their positions and flux ratios. Combining the resulting magnitude difference with atmosphere models and evolutionary tracks, we further constrain the masses of the individual components.Results.All six high-mass stars are in multiple systems, leading to a multiplicity fraction of 100% and yielding a 68% confidence interval of 94–100%. We detect a total of nine companions with separations of up to 120 au. Including previously identified spectroscopic companions, the companion fraction of the young O stars in our sample reaches 2.3 ± 0.6. The derived masses span a wide range, from 2.5 to 50M⊙, with a great tendency towards high-mass companions. However, we do not find a significant correlation between the mass of the companions and their separation.Conclusions.While based on a modest sample, our results clearly indicate that the origin of the high degree of multiplicity is rooted in the star formation mechanism of the sample stars. No clear evidence for one of the competing concepts of massive star formation (core accretion or competitive accretion) could be found. However, given that we find all of the companions within ∼120 au, our results are compatible with migration as a scenario for the formation of close massive binaries.

Utility of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Body Composition Assessment

People with obesity are at high risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of malignancy. A significant reduction in muscle mass is also associated with increased risk of developing sarcopenia. In general, body composition is affected by several factors, including ethnicity, environment, genetics, and lifestyle patterns. Assessment of body composition is an important tool for maintaining good general health and longevity, and is utilized by physicians and researchers to monitor disease severity and nutritional status. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of dietary and drug interventions. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is regarded as the gold standard method for analyzing body composition. However, there is an associated risk of a small amount of radiation exposure. In addition, severely obese people are not candidates for this method. Recently, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been developed. BIA poses no radiation hazard, is easy applicable and relatively inexpensive. Thus, BIA is widely used in fitness centers as well as in hospitals. Several studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of BIA for measuring body composition, but most have focused on subjects of European descent. Of note, body composition differs among ethnic groups: Asians have a greater tendency toward obesity at a lower body mass index than Caucasians. Therefore, an ethnicity-specific approach is required for precise estimation of body composition using BIA. In conclusion, healthcare providers should have a thorough understanding of body composition assessment and the advantages and disadvantages of different measurement methods.

Computational Study of Interaction and Removal of Benzopyran by Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle

Most gas emissions by motor automobiles include unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other oxides (NxOy, SOx, etc.). There are many hydrocarbon compounds in car exhaust, such as benzopyran, formaldehyde, butadiene, and so on. In this study, anatase titanium dioxide nano-particles (aTiO2-NPs) filters are investigated to prevent the entry of unburned hydrocarbons. Benzopyran is one of the most important aromatic compounds in car exhaust gases, which is very dangerous. The probability of its interaction with titanium oxide nanoparticles is simulated and evaluated according to chemically active sites of aTiO2-NP. Calculations were performed using the DFT calculation on the basis set LC-ωPBE/6-311 + G** method. The obtained data show that Ti–O chemically active site has a greater tendency to adsorb benzopyran due to its polarity (Dipole moment for 3rd of Ti–O = 6.93 D). By adsorbing benzopyran in the Ti–O position, the gap energy of aTiO2-NP decreases (E g = 3.09 eV), and its conductivity increases. The results showed that the nano-adsorbent of aTiO2-NP has high efficiency in the adsorption of benzopyran from the environment. Due to the exhaust temperature of the car and the photocatalytic properties of the aTiO2-NPs nano-adsorbent, it can be used as an adsorbent with high performance and longevity, and good stability in high-temperature ranges.

Features of post-slaughter biochemical processes in meat raw materials at llc “Ternopil meat plant”

Today, the issue of targeted use of raw materials, taking into account the nature of autolytic changes, becomes particular importance, since the proportion of animals entering for processing has significantly increased, in which, after slaughter, significant deviations from the normal development of autolytic processes are found in the tissues. All known meat-specific PSE and DFD biochemical processes that take place in muscle tissue, as well as the composition of meat prove the need for serious study for technological processing. One of the main indicators that characterize the direction of development of postmortem changes in the obtained meat raw materials, and therefore allow us to state the deviations from the norm is the value of the amount of glycogen and lactic acid in the meat of slaughter animals. It is equally important to determine the physicochemical properties of meat raw materials and the degree of boiling of collagen, which will determine the rational directions for its further processing. For research meat raw materials was used from slaughter of pigs at Ternopil Meat Processing Plant LLC obtained from 4 farms: Farm No. 1 in Nastasiv village (breeder), Farm No. 8 in Dvorichia village (breeder), Farm No. 2 in Nastasiv village (growing), Farm No. 7 Stare Misto village / Pidhaytsi village (breeder). It was found that the highest indicator of water and fat content, namely 73.1 % and 3.7 % is characterized by meat obtained from slaughter of pigs from the farm No. 7 (village Stare Misto / village Pidhaytsi (breeder)). As for the protein content, the highest values are typical for meat obtained by slaughtering pigs from the farm No. 2 (village Nastasiv (growing) – 22.9 %. The degree of boiling of collagen varies depending on the direction of maturation processes in the raw material. It was found that pigs delivered from the farm No. 7 have a greater tendency to deviate from the classical course of autolysis in the direction of obtaining raw materials with PES signs because they are characterized by the highest degree of boiling of collagen at the level of 62.6 %. Determination of the content of glycogen and lactic acid in meat during autolytic processes allows to note the rapid breakdown of glycogen and intensive accumulation of lactic acid in 1 hour after slaughter (at the level of 589 mg% and 307 mg%, respectively) and increase this process after 24 hours for meat raw materials obtained from the farm No. 7 (at the level of 223 mg% and 674 mg%, respectively). Obtained results confirm that the analysis of the content of glycogen and lactic acid at the stages of maturation can identify deviations in the quality of meat raw materials and take measures to correct them. The identified specific biochemical processes for meat occurring in muscle tissue, as well as significant differences in its properties necessitate their detection in production conditions with subsequent sorting of raw materials into groups to determine the most rational option for technological processing of such meat.

Comparison of Malocclusion Prevalence, Type and Severity between Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Case-Control Study

Background: To analyze the prevalence, type and severity of malocclusions in a group of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using a facial and occlusal analysis and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Methods: A prospective, case–control study was made of two groups, a cerebral palsy and a control group, with the determination of the facial and occlusion analysis in the three spatial planes. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the severity of malocclusion. Results: The patients with CP presented a higher prevalence of increased facial lower third height and a greater tendency towards right-side canine and molar class II malocclusion, narrower transverse relationship and crossbite. The DAI scores were statistically significantly higher in the CP group. Increased physical impairment in the CP group was associated to greater DAI scores. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of malocclusion were significantly greater in the CP group. The type of malocclusion predominantly found in these patients was molar class II, with open bite, increased overjet and a narrow arch. The CP group also presented mixed breathing with higher DAI scores and decreased facial lower third height.

Scrutiny on the grammatical error of descriptive text written by the first semester public health students Universitas Faletehan

<p style="text-align: justify;">In English Competency the students should master four skills namely speaking, reading, writing and listening. On the other hand most of students found many barriers to achieve this competency, particularly in writing due to writing is not simple but writing is long process. This study is intended to analyze, find out the types of errors, and the factors for grammatical error in students composition. The use of articles, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, preposition, and conjunctions are the focus of the analysis. The errors are analyzed through the procedure of identification, description, categorization, classification, calculation and interpretation. The errors were then classified into four types namely omission, addition, misformation, and misordering then they were counted and interpreted. Altogether they were 1401errors in student’s descriptive text. They covered 495 (35.33%) errors of articles, 280 (19.98%) errors of nouns, 225 (16.05%) errors of preposition, 116 (8.27%) errors of adjectives, 62 (5.42%) errors of verb, 58 (5.07%) errors of conjunction, 44 (3.84%) errors of pronouns, and 110 (7.85%) errors of verbs. Based on the type of errors omission errors got the highest frequency. It happened 475 (33.9%) followed by misformation and misordering, addition errors 190 (13.56%). There were various frequencies of errors found from each type. Omission errors included 200 (35.33%) from 495 errors of articles, Nouns 90 (19.98%) from 280 error of nouns, preposition 70 (16.05%) from 225 errors of prepositions, conjunction 40 (4.99%) from 70 errors of conjunction, pronoun 30 (4.63%) from 65 of pronouns, verb 40 (7.85%) from 40 errors of verbs, adjective 30 (8.27%) from 30 errors of adjectives. Addition errors 50 ( 16.05.33%) from 225 errors of preposition, nouns 35 (19.98 %) from 280 errors of nouns and adjective 30 (2.85%) from 30 adjectives. The misordering errors of articles are clearly seen that they got the highest frequency among others. It took place 200 times (35.33%) from 495 of articles. Great tendency to omit and misform, article, nouns, and preposition is influenced by the skill habit of L1, as well as misordering errors of articles, preposition, nouns, and adjective. It is interpreted hat differences of the structure of L1 and L2 greattly influence the learners to make grammatical errors in writing English composition. Another factor that the causes the errors in incomplete of the target language itself.</p>

The RTS,S malaria vaccine: Journey from conception to recommendation

The RTS,S malaria vaccine was recently recommended for use among children at risk in malaria endemic regions. Although significant efforts have been made to minimise malaria cases, the results of these innovations have not been totally satisfactory due to specific limitations. However, this revolutionary vaccine has a great tendency to put an end to malaria. Being the first vaccine against malaria, this commentary examines its journey from the idealisation and conception to the recommendation by the World Health Organization. The commentary also examines some of the challenges that might affect the execution of the vaccination programme in sub-Saharan Africa and other malaria endemic regions and suggest recommendations to overcome the possible them.

Parenting experiences of cancer patients with minor children and their conversations about the possibility of death: a cross-sectional web-based survey for an online cancer community.

Many cancer patients with minor children experience difficulty talking about their illness with their children. This study aimed to investigate the parenting experiences of cancer patients with minor children and their conversations about the possibility of death. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between April and May 2019. Cancer patients with at least one child aged < 18years were recruited from an online peer support group called "Cancer Parents." The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experiences of talking about their illnesses with their children. The participants were classified into those who disclosed their cancer to their children ("disclosing group"), and those who did not disclose ("non-disclosing group"). The association between whether they talked with their children about their cancer, and whether it included conversations about the possibility of death, was examined. A total of 370 parents participated (with 80.8% female parents, with a median age of 43.0years). The disclosing group (n = 274, 74.1%) wanted to know what their child felt, more than the non-disclosing group did (p < 0.001). Members of the non-disclosing group had a greater tendency than those in the disclosing group to report that they did not want their children to see their suffering (p = 0.002) and did not know how to explain their disease status (p < 0.002). Some members of both the disclosing (42.1%) and non-disclosing (6.5%) groups told their children about the possibility of death. This study showed that 74.1% of the patients with minor children disclosed their cancer to their children. The parents' feelings when thinking about interacting with their children differed significantly between the disclosing and non-disclosing groups. It is important for healthcare professionals treating patients with cancer to provide appropriate multidisciplinary support for discussing their diagnosis and prognosis with their children.

Dry Powder Inhalers Based on Chitosan-Mannitol Binary Carriers: Effect of the Powder Properties on the Aerosolization Performance.

Carriers play an important role in improving the aerosolization performance of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Despite that intensive attention had been paid to the establishment of the advanced carriers with controllable physicochemical properties in recent years, the design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs remain an empiricism-based process. DPIs are a powder system of complex multiphase, and thus their physicochemical properties cannot fully explain the powder behavior. A comprehensive exposition of powder properties is demanded to build a bridge between the physicochemical properties of carriers and the aerosolization performance of DPIs. In this study, an FT-4 powder rheometer was employed to explore the powder properties, including dynamic flow energy, aeration, and permeability of the chitosan-mannitol binary carriers (CMBCs). CMBCs were self-designed as an advanced carrier with controllable surface roughness to obtain enhanced aerosolization performance. The specific mechanism of CMBCs to enhance the aerosolization performance of DPIs was elaborated based on the theory of pulmonary delivery processes by introducing powder properties. The results exhibited that CMBCs with appropriate surface roughness had lower special energy, lower aeration energy, and higher permeability. It could be predicted that CMBC-based DPIs had greater tendency to fluidize and disperse in airflow, and the lower adhesion force between particles enabled drugs to be detached from the carrier to achieve higher fine particle fractions. The specific mechanism on how physicochemical properties influenced the aerosolization performance during the pulmonary delivery processes could be figured out with the introduction of powder properties.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME PLANTS FAMILY HEATHER EXTRACTS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

The paper presents new data related to the comparative study of water-alcohol leaf extracts of the heather plants family (highbush blueberry, lingonberry, heather). Leaf extracts were obtained by three methods, two of which were using ultrasonic emitters (an ultrasound bath and a submersible ultrasonic probe), the third method, thermal (traditional), was chosen as a comparison. The extracts are characterized by parameters as the total content of extractive substances, the sum of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, the dispersed phase size particles distribution determined by the method of dynamic light scattering, and a quantitative assessment of the integral antioxidant activity is given. It has been established that ultrasonic probing has a highest activity in extracting phenolic compounds and flavonoids from lingonberry leaves and heather grass, and at the same time the level of their antioxidant activity is inferior to the extracts obtained by the traditional method at which the plant raw materials is boiled with the extractant. The traditional thermal method is characterized by the highest values of the sum of extractives for all types of raw materials and average values for the sum of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. There are observed a significant increase in the content of particles with the size &lt;1000 nm for "ultrasonic" lingonberry leaf extracts is compared to the traditional method, however this pattern is not fulfilled for other types of raw materials. All heather herb extracts have a high polydispersity and the greatest tendency to sediment formation during the storage.

Customer Concentration and Managerial Bad News Withholding

We investigate whether the presence of major corporate customers affects managerial bad news withholding behaviors. Using data from a large sample of U.S. firms, we find that firms with a more concentrated customer base have a greater tendency to withhold bad news. Furthermore, we show an amplified effect of customer concentration on bad news withholding for firms that rely more on major customers and an attenuated effect for firms whose major customers would face higher costs to switch suppliers. We also show that the effect of customer concentration on bad news withholding is weaker for firms with stronger auditor monitoring. Overall, we find that a concentrated customer base imposes performance pressure on managers, which induces them to withhold bad news.

Analyzing the Spatial Correspondence between Different Date Fruit Cultivars and Farms’ Cultivated Areas, Case Study: Al-Ahsa Oasis, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Diversity in date palm (DP) cultivars plays a crucial role in the agroecosystems of several countries, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study aims to map and analyze the spatial distribution of the most grown DP cultivars (Khlas, Ruziz, and Shishi) in the Al-Ahsa oasis in the KSA and to highlight their spatial correlation with the corresponding cultivated patches within farms. Descriptive and spatial data on 288 farms were analyzed using GIS, data curation, cross-TAB statistics, clustering maps, and spatial autocorrelation techniques. The obtained results revealed that most of the oasis’s DP farms are within a cultivated area of &lt;500 m2. The larger cultivated areas are mostly in the oasis’s northern and central subregions, agreeing with the spatial distribution of trees. In total, 56.9% of the studied farms grew the cultivars together within the least rank (&lt;500 m2) of cultivated area, having the greatest tendency for DP cultivation. Khlas was the most dominant cultivar being the least absent from cultivation with 3.1% compared to Ruziz (31.9%) and Shishi (37.8%). The spatial distribution of DP plantations in the oasis was also consistent with the spatial variation in soils and irrigation water salinity, necessitating the need for special agricultural extension programs. In conclusion, these outcomes indicate that this study is essential for DP sustainability, growers, authorities, and policy makers.

0680 Nocturnal wakefulness and suicide risk in the Australian population

Abstract Introduction Temporal patterns for suicide over a 24-hour period have shown mixed results among prior studies. However, analyses of 24-hour temporal patterns for wakeful actions including suicidal behavior, should adjust for expected sleep requirements that inherently skew such activities to conventional wakeful times. This study analysed the time-of-day for suicide cases from the Australian population for the year 2017, adjusting for expected sleep patterns. Identification of time-of-day trends using this methodology may reveal risk factors for suicide and potentially modifiable contributors. Methods The Australian Coronal database was accessed and data for suicide deaths were extracted for the most recent completed year, 2017. Time of suicidal action is frequently unable to be pinpointed and for this analysis an estimation was performed from time last seen alive and time found subsequently using data extracted from police and coronial reports. Time of suicide was allocated to one of four 6-hourly time bins across 24 hours from the mid position of time last seen alive and time found subsequently. Cases were excluded if allocation to a time bin was not able to be confidently determined if time last seen and time found crossed both boundaries for a given time bin. Prevalence of suicide for each time bin was adjusted for the likelihood of being awake for each bin according to sleep-wake norms published in 2020 from a large Australian community survey of 1966 subjects. Observed prevalence of suicide were compared to expected values predicted from likelihood of being awake across each time bin calculated as a standardised incidence ratio (SIR). Results For year 2017 there were 2208 suicides for which 1407 were able to be allocated into one of four 6-hourly time bins. Reasons for exclusion were cases for which allocaton into a time bin was not able to be performed. When adjusted for the likelihood of being awake based from population norms, cases were significantly more likely to enact suicide between the hours of 2301-0500 than predicted (SIR 3.93, P&amp;lt; 0.001). Furthermore, there was a lower-than expected rate of suicide for the time bins, 1101-1700 (SIR 0.86, P=0.002). When subcategories of suicide cases were analsysed, suicide death in asssociation with alcohol consumption demonstrated the strongest for relatoinship to the 2301-0500 time bin (SIR 6.03, P&amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion Higher than expected rates of suicide overnight associated proposes that nocturnal wakefulness may represent a modifiable risk factor for triggering suicide events. Nocturnal wakefulness may be linked to increased rates of loneliness and depair as well as greater tendency toward impusive actions and behaviors. Impusivity may be compounded by alcohol consumption Our findings offer a potential mechanism for which individuals with insomnia have increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Support (If Any) Untied grant provided by Rhinomed LTD

Do the ‘Valentine’s Day Blues’ Exist? A Legacy Report on a Purported Psychological Phenomenon

The ‘Valentine’s Day Blues’ is an enduring concept rooted in pop psychology that has unfortunately received little empirical attention. On this point, it is commonly assumed that the increasing commodification of romance plus the social trappings of Valentine’s Day can elicit stresses similar to those evoked by traditional holidays. Thus, women’s greater experience of ‘mattering’ and greater tendencies towards depression and rumination should place women at a greater risk of ‘Valentine’s Day Blues’ than men. Accordingly, when no Valentine’s Day gift is received such distress likely lasts longer in women than in men in addition to being stronger in general. These hypotheses were tested based on the data of 2,070 participants in a 2004 consumer sentiment survey who completed a 34-item online questionnaire within four weeks following Valentine’s Day. This questionnaire addressed anxiety, depression, rumination, and social anxiety as derived from existing instruments. Rasch scaling analyses found that men and women’s generalized depression (i.e., a combination of the four aforementioned item types) was greater for those not receiving a gift relative to that expressed by those who did receive a Valentine’s Day gift. However, while men rebounded after two weeks, women’s greater depression continued after three weeks. Of greatest clinical concern are 30-40 year olds, and those least affected were respondents over 40 years of age.&#x0D; Keywords: Emotion regulation, holiday depression, pop psychology, Rasch scaling, stress reactions&#x0D;

Diselenide as a Dual Functional Mechanophore Capable of Stress Self-Reporting and Self-Strengthening in Polyurethane Elastomers

Diselenide as a Dual Functional Mechanophore Capable of Stress Self-Reporting and Self-Strengthening in Polyurethane Elastomers

PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT OF TELOGEN

Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. A number of factors have been implicated in the causation of TE, however, clear evidence in their support is lacking. The role of stress as a causative factor as well as the result of hair loss needs to be adequately understood. Telogen effluvium can occur in people of any age, gender, and racial background. Telogen effluvium can occur in both men and women, although women have a greater tendency to experience this condition due to postpartum hormonal changes and also women experience hair loss more often than men. In children, TE was reported to be responsible for only a minority of cases with hair loss (2.7%). The symptom of acute and chronic TE is increased hair loss. Usually, the hair will fall out at an increasing rate. The remaining hair will feel less dense. Acute telogen effluvium can heal itself by eliminating the triggering factor which is done by providing education to the patient while treatment for chronic TE can be done by giving Minoxidil.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Telogen effluvium acute and chronic; hair loss; minoxidil.

Linking Public Opinion Perception, Minority, and Stigma – An Integrated Model of Hiding Male Same-Sex Affection in Public

ABSTRACT Inspired by the question of why some gay and bisexual men hide same-sex affection when in public, this study integrates the concept of minority stress into Noelle-Neumann’s spiral of silence theory and Goffman’s interaction order to build an integrated model explaining why some people avoid nonverbal stigma expression in public. It is hypothesized that perceived stigma, prejudice events, and internalized stigma will result in a greater tendency to hide male same-sex affection. An empirical study involving n = 25,884 gay and bisexual men in Germany showed that higher levels of perceived stigma and internalized stigma were associated with a greater tendency to hide male same-sex affection when in public. However, being a victim of prejudice events did not substantially predict whether individuals hide their male same-sex affection. Findings are discussed in terms of their generalizability and implications for the underlying theory.

Depression in the context of shift work schedule: a systematic review

The circadian rhythm deregulation can result in an alteration in the sleep-wake cycle, causing sleep disturbances and promoting mental and mood disorders development. Conditions that can disrupt this rhythm, such as shift work schedule (SWS) can unbalance neural functioning and favors those professional classes may have a greater tendency to develop depression. In this context, this study aims to carry out a systematic review to understand the relationship between SWS and the risk of depression, so 1,001 articles were selected for eligibility analysis for the study. After an evaluation sequence starting from the title, abstract and complete work, 31 works that responded to the proposed theme were included. Depression was found to be higher in JTT workers such as nurses, company employees, physicians, residents, and firefighters compared to other professionals. The main explanations involve decreased melatonin production, stressful conditions linked to professional activity and lifestyle habits. Thus, it is important to delineate new therapeutic forms, control, prevention, and health promotion for these workers, since the SWS is strongly associated with depression.