Greater Phenolic Content Research Articles

Antioxidants and antibacterial potential of extracts of seed of Quercus leucotrichophora A. camus

BackgroundThe objective of this research was to ascertain how the phenolic profile and associated antioxidant and antibacterial activities were affected by several solvents, including methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and water. MethodsThe dried coarse powder of the seeds was fractionated with various solvents after being extracted with methanol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Nitric oxide scavenging tests, whilst antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion technique. ResultsThe outcomes indicate that ethyl acetate is the most efficient solvent for polyphenol extraction. The ethyl acetate fraction of Quercus leucotrichophora seed extract exhibited the greatest DPPH and NO radical scavenger antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 49.019 ± 0.15 μg/ml and 51.39 ± 0.19 μg/ml, respectively, whereas the aqueous fraction exhibited the lowest antioxidant potential. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique found that the ethyl acetate fraction had a greater phenolic content than the aqueous fraction (157 ± 0.27 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g vs. 28 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g). Using an aluminum chloride colorimetric technique, the ethyl acetate fraction had the maximum flavonoid concentration (145 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent QE)/g), whereas the aqueous extract had the lowest (13.1 ± 0.18 mg of QE)/g). In terms of antibacterial efficacy, the ethyl acetate fraction produced a wider inhibition zone against gram positive and gram negtive bacterial strains. ConclusionBased on the results, ethyl acetate fraction of Quercus leucotrichophora A. camus seed extract has significant antioxidant activity and may be a beneficial source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial for functional food composition.

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Memory-Enhancing Activity of Garuga pinnata Roxb. Bark and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. Leaves.

Garugapinnata Roxb. (Burseraceae) is a medium-sized tree widely available all over the tropical regions of Asia. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. (Crassulaceae) is an indigenous and exotic plant grown in tropical regions. Both plants have been used for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, wound healing, antidiabetic activities, etc. This investigation was designed to explore the result shown by methanolic extract of Garuga pinnata bark and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves, on cognitive power and retention of the memory in experimental mice along with quantification of phenolic compounds and DPPH radicals neutralizing capacity. The memory-enhancing activity was determined by the elevated plus-maze method in Scopolamine-induced amnesic mice, using Piracetam as allopathic and Shankhpushpi as ayurvedic standard drugs. Two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of both extracts were administered to mice up to 8 consecutive days; transfer latency of individual group was recorded after 45 minutes and memory of the experienced things was examined after 1 day. DPPH assay method and the Folin–Ciocalteu method were employed to determine antioxidant potency and total phenol amount, respectively. 400 mg/kg of the methanolic B. pinnatum bark extract significantly improved memory and learning of mice with transfer latency (TL) of 32.75 s, which is comparable to that of standard Piracetam (21.78 s) and Shankhpushpi (27.83 s). Greater phenolic content was quantified in B. pinnatum bark extract (156.80 ± 0.33 µg GAE/mg dry extract) as well as the antioxidant potency (69.77% of free radical inhibition at the 100 µg/mL concentration). Our study proclaimed the scientific evidence for the memory-boosting effect of both plants.

The effect of long-term water table manipulations on dissolved organic carbon dynamics in a poor fen peatland

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production, consumption, and quality displayed differences after long-term (~55 years) hydrological alterations in a poor fen peatland in northern Michigan. The construction of an earthen levee resulted in areas of a raised and lowered water table (WT) relative to an unaltered intermediate WT site. The lowered WT site had greater peat aeration and larger seasonal vertical WT fluctuations that likely elevated peat decomposition and subsidence with subsequent increases in bulk density, vertical hydraulic gradient, decreased hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and a greater pore water residence time relative to the unaltered site. The raised WT site displayed a decreased Ksat combined with seasonal upwelling events that contributed to a longer residence time in comparison to the unaltered site. These differences are potentially contributing to elevated DOC concentrations at the lowered and raised WT site relative to the unaltered site. Additionally, spectrophotometric indices and chemical constituent assays indicated that the lowered site DOC was more aromatic and contained elevated concentrations of phenolics compared to the intermediate site. The raised site DOC was less aromatic, less humified, and also had a greater phenolic content than the intermediate site. Furthermore, an incubation experiment showed that DOC in the raised site contained the greatest labile carbon source. Based on our results, long-term WT alterations will likely impose significant effects on DOC dynamics in these peatlands; however, WT position alone was not a good predictor of DOC concentrations, though impoundment appears to produce a more labile DOC whereas drainage increases DOC aromaticity.

AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA (MILLER) SWINGLE: A SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle is a tree used in Chinese traditional medicine as a bitter aromatic drug and in the treatment of colds and gastric diseases. Previous phytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of quassinoids in the plant, as well as indole alkaloids. The purpose of this work was to determine the phenolic, flavonoid, and total alkaloid contents of the ethanolic, methanolic, acetone, and hydroalcoholic crude extracts of A. altissima and then try to correlate them with antioxidant activity of corresponding extracts. Moreover, the phenolic compounds present in the extracts were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Extracts from leaves have greater phenolic content than the other parts of this tree. Concerning the extraction process, it is possible to conclude that the mixture of water and ethanol is the best solvent to extract substances with antioxidant activity. Analysis by RP-HPLC showed that ferulic acid was the most dominant hydroxycinnamic acid, with an occurrence percentage of 25.59%. These results presented a positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity index and total phenolic content of all the extracts.