Abstract
Garugapinnata Roxb. (Burseraceae) is a medium-sized tree widely available all over the tropical regions of Asia. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. (Crassulaceae) is an indigenous and exotic plant grown in tropical regions. Both plants have been used for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, wound healing, antidiabetic activities, etc. This investigation was designed to explore the result shown by methanolic extract of Garuga pinnata bark and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves, on cognitive power and retention of the memory in experimental mice along with quantification of phenolic compounds and DPPH radicals neutralizing capacity. The memory-enhancing activity was determined by the elevated plus-maze method in Scopolamine-induced amnesic mice, using Piracetam as allopathic and Shankhpushpi as ayurvedic standard drugs. Two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of both extracts were administered to mice up to 8 consecutive days; transfer latency of individual group was recorded after 45 minutes and memory of the experienced things was examined after 1 day. DPPH assay method and the Folin–Ciocalteu method were employed to determine antioxidant potency and total phenol amount, respectively. 400 mg/kg of the methanolic B. pinnatum bark extract significantly improved memory and learning of mice with transfer latency (TL) of 32.75 s, which is comparable to that of standard Piracetam (21.78 s) and Shankhpushpi (27.83 s). Greater phenolic content was quantified in B. pinnatum bark extract (156.80 ± 0.33 µg GAE/mg dry extract) as well as the antioxidant potency (69.77% of free radical inhibition at the 100 µg/mL concentration). Our study proclaimed the scientific evidence for the memory-boosting effect of both plants.
Highlights
Memory is a vital process by which experiences are recorded and can be used to adapt their responses to the environment
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major condition related to memory impairment and it can be characterized as a continuous neurodegenerative disorder that can lead to senile dementia, in the cortex and hippocampus region
MBPL : methanolic extract of B. pinnatum leaf, MGPB : methanolic extract of G. pinnata bark, and AA : ascorbic acid. ∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01 when correlated to MBPL
Summary
Memory is a vital process by which experiences are recorded and can be used to adapt their responses to the environment. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major condition related to memory impairment and it can be characterized as a continuous neurodegenerative disorder that can lead to senile dementia, in the cortex and hippocampus region. Behavioral hallmarks involve progressive loss in memory, judgment capacity impairment, decision-making problem, physical atmosphere orientation, and language problem [1]. Studies of patients with AD revealed the decreasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain [2]. Shankhpushpi is a widely used herbal drug in the management of cognitive disorders, from the times of Acharya Charak (200 BC) to date [3]. Shankhpushpi has been categorized as a Medhya Rasayana, that is, an efficient brain tonic by Ayurvedic texts.
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