Greater Number Of Class Research Articles

LEVANTAMENTO DE MEDICAMENTOS DESCARTADOS PELA POPULAÇÃO DE JARAGUÁ DO SUL E CORUPÁ – SC POR MEIO DO PROGRAMA DESCARTE CONSCIENTE

O aumento da utilização de medicamentos em função do desenvolvimento de novos fármacos aliado à automedicação, levam a maior formação de resíduos, que acarretam em danos ao meio ambiente e à prejuízos na saúde da população. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os medicamentos coletados pelo Programa Descarte Consciente nos municípios de Jaraguá do Sul e Corupá- SC no período de um ano, além de conscientizar a população sobre o descarte correto e a automedicação. Para isso, foram realizadas palestras nas UBS e Centro de Idosos dos Municípios para promover essa conscientização. Após a realização das Copalestras, foram disponibilizadas caixas coletoras de medicamentos que ficaram à disposição da população. Após o recolhimento os medicamentos foram avaliados quanto ao seu nome, quantidade, forma farmacêutica, tarja, data de validade e classificados conforme ATC. Os resultados encontrados foram divulgados para a população na forma de palestras, com o objetivo de conscientização. Foram obtidas 7.528 unidades totais, com destaque para tuberculostáticos(25,75%), anti-hipertensivos (10,66%), anticoncepcionais orais (8,42%), analgésicos (5,36%) e anti-infl amatórios (3,22%). A maior quantidade das classes de medicamentos descartados pode estar associada a uma maior utilização dos mesmos pela população, fornecimento pela rede pública, uso irregular ou falta de adesão ao tratamento. Conclui-se que, a análise dos medicamentos descartados pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que podem levar ao descarte excessivo bem como podem auxiliar em campanhas de conscientização quanto ao prejuízo ambiental e os danos que um descarte inadequado desses medicamentos pode causar à saúde da população.

Why do some 100% CPRA renal transplant candidates get more offers with the new KAS than others?

Aim In the 5 months after implementation of the new kidney allocation system (KAS), import kidney offers to 100% cPRA renal transplant candidates (RTC) have increased due to prioritization with an additional 212 points. We noted that while some RTC were receiving multiple provisional offers, other patients were not receiving any. We hypothesized that the patients receiving fewer offers had more unacceptable antigens (UA) entered in UNet, had a less common blood type, or had UA against broad specificities. Methods Active RTC with 100% cPRA from a single center were examined for: total numbers of class I and class II UAs; high frequency broad UAs such as Bw4, Bw6, DR52, etc.; wait time on 12/4/14; expected post-transplant survival (EPTS) score; and ABO blood type. DQA and DPB UAs were also examined, although they can’t be entered in UNet. RTC were stratified by number of offers into 3 groups (0, 1–2, and ⩾ 4 offers), with differences analyzed using Students t-test. Three RTC transplanted within 1 month of KAS were omitted. Results Comparisons are shown in Table 1. The group with 0 offers had a significantly greater number of class I UAs compared to the other groups. For class II UAs, the 0 and 1–2 groups had a significantly greater number than the ⩾ 4 group (p = 0.002). Closer analysis of class II UAs showed that the ⩾ 4 group had a lower incidence of DR52 UA (17%) vs the other groups (50% and 63%). DR51 UA had an incidence of 50% in the 2 groups with the fewest offers, compared to 33% in the ⩾ 4 group. DR53, Bw4, Bw6, Cw, DQ, DPB, mean EPTS score, wait time, and ABO were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion Although this is a single center study with small numbers, these findings may be reproduced with national data. RTC with many UAs may have an extremely narrow window of acceptable mismatches (MM). Donors with 0 MM at one or more loci or with unusual HLA phenotypes may be their only source of offers. Additional strategies may be needed, including sufficient additional points to achieve allocation when there are 0MM at the HLA-A or -B loci. Download : Download full-size image

Breeding selection efficiency for raspberry postharvest shelf life affected by storage temperature and harvest season

Improved postharvest quality is an important goal for fresh-market raspberry breeding programs. To determine if warm or cold storage following harvest would better facilitate the breeding selection process for the assessment of postharvest decay and juice leakage, pesticide-free fruit from cultivars and breeding selections of red, yellow, purple, and black raspberries were stored at two temperatures. Following storage fruits were examined for decay and juice leakage rate at room-temperature (25 °C) and at a cooler temperature (5 °C). The rate of decay was much faster in room-temperature storage than in cooler storage; however, classification of genotypes as parents or discards was not always in agreement between these two temperatures. This suggests that a breeder should determine whether room-temperature storage or cooler storage more closely resembles the postharvest environment for the targeted growers. For many leakage rate comparisons, there was no advantage from either storage temperature. However, when an advantage was evident, cold storage evaluation identified a greater number of classes comparing black raspberry and purple raspberry genotypes, but warm storage evaluation identified a greater number of classes comparing red and yellow raspberry genotypes. There was complete agreement on genotype breeding disposition, indicating that a breeder could evaluate genotypes for leakage in the same storage temperature chosen to evaluate decay. Selection decisions made from evaluating floricane fruit were not always in agreement with decisions made from evaluating primocane fruit, indicating that genotypes should be evaluated in both fruiting seasons.

Possible causal relationships between competitive swimming in growing age and three-dimensional dentoalveolar development

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate possible links between competitive swimming during the growth phase and the development of the dentoalveolar arches.MethodsThe study sample included 100 swimmers and a control group of 100 age-matched non-swimmers who had never practised swimming or related sports. Subjects who had had previous orthodontic treatment were excluded. Overjet, overbite, sagittal and transverse parameters, arch dimension, crowding and oral habits were recorded.ResultsIn the swimmers, there was a significantly higher frequency of molar symmetry (P = 0.04), together with a greater number of Class I subjects. The overjet in the swimmers was mainly normal, but the arch dimensions were significantly wider (+10% in the upper arch; P < 0.001). Similarly, the swimmers showed significantly less severe crowding (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced oral habits (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur data and analysis demonstrate that competitive swimming during the growth phase has a favourable effect on dental arch development in the sagittal, vertical and transverse planes.

A Classifier Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Ernest

In this paper a new classifier based on fuzzy inference system has been described. The novelty of the classifier consists in the moving fuzzy consequent in if-then rules and in selection method of target values for classifier outputs minimizing the number of false classifications. The location of fuzzy set in conclusion is determined by a linear combination of system inputs. The method of classifier construction for two classes and an extension for a greater number of classes has been presented. The tests of the new classifier are carried out on the basis of the data bases known from literature: forensic glass and iris.

Psoralen Photobiology: Recent Advances

Clinical efficacy may arise from psoralen-induced photodamage by the induction of a panoply of biomolecules. In cellular studies with UV or photoactivatable agents, the activation of NF-kappa B, probably the most widely studied transcription factor, occurs after its release from an inhibiting factor, I kappa B. The activation of transcription factors has also been correlated with the UV absorption spectrum of DNA (35). Furthermore, it was shown that the photoadducts do not need to be processed or repaired because transcription factor induction is observed in repair-deficient cells. In these latter cells lower UV doses are required to induce these transcription factors. As a result of transcription factor induction, treated cells may have a greater number of class I molecules on their surface and an altered cytokine profile. It is possible (and likely) that these effects occur in different cells to different extents. The important message is that activational events may occur that could alter the cell's (or cells') ability to regulate a disease process. Many studies have shown that the time frame for this type of damage-induced event may range from seconds to minutes (36). Clearly 8-MOP/UVA-induced events such as those described above could be initiated as the result of a single photochemotherapy session.

Effects of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin treatment on follicular populations and ovulation rates in prepuberal gilts with two morphologically different ovarian types.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on follicular populations and ovulation rates in prepuberal gilts with grape-type (GT) and honeycomb-type (HT) ovaries. The follicular populations were determined at 170 d of age (d 0) and 19 d after PMSG (d 19). In Exp. 1, the mean number of macroscopic follicles of Classes 2 and 3 was greater (P less than .05) in GT (n = 11) than in HT (n = 32) ovaries at d 0, whereas the mean number of those of Class 1 was greater (P less than .05) in HT ovaries. At d 19, no difference was observed between the two ovarian types for any class of follicles. The PMSG-induced ovulation rates were comparable between the two ovarian types (8.3 vs 7.9, GT vs HT, respectively; P greater than .10). In Exp. 2, the microscopic follicular populations were determined on right and left ovaries removed, respectively, on d 0 and 19. At d 0, GT ovaries (n = 5) contained a greater number of Class 5 nonatretic (P less than .01) and atretic (P less than .02) follicles than did HT ovaries (n = 5), whereas at d 19 the mean number was not statistically different between the two ovarian types (P greater than .10). In contrast, gilts with HT ovaries contained a greater (P less than .01) number of Class 4 atretic follicles than gilts with GT ovaries at d 0, whereas at d 19 the mean number was not statistically different between the two ovarian types (P greater than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)