Greater Levels Of Engagement Research Articles

Climate Change Advocacy and Engagement on Social Media

This study examines how 21 leading environmental organizations framed climate change on Facebook and how these frames were associated with public engagement through reactions (e.g., likes), shares, and comments on the posts. We find that environmental nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs) posts about climate change tend to emphasize the environmental impacts of climate change, political actions that are being taken by individuals and groups to address climate change, and political threats to climate progress. The results tentatively suggest that Facebook posts with an affective component—either positive or threat-based—are most likely to be associated with greater levels of engagement.

Research Study Characteristics Associated with Media Engagement in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Database Studies

Objectives: This study identified associations between a study’s Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and the number of times it was posted on X (formerly Twitter) with article characteristics such as the topic or publishing journal. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Articles published in the orthopedic literature. Article Selection: A total of 116 eligible articles using administrative databases or clinical registries published in 2020 in four orthopaedic journals were studied. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measurements: Each of the 116 selected articles was assigned one of the following topics: complications and outcomes, technology, medications and/or anesthesia, logistics, and surgical techniques. AAS and X posts for each article were retrieved. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences in the AAS and X posts across journals and topics. Results: Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed a difference between an article’s publishing journal and its AAS (p = 0.034) and number of X posts (p = 0.032), with articles published in the Bone & Joint Journal (BJJ) having the greatest mean AAS (16.27) and X posts (25.73). Kruskal-Wallis tests showed a difference between an article’s topic and its AAS (p = 0.001) and number of X posts (p= 0.027), with articles focused on surgical techniques having the greatest mean AAS (26.50) and X posts (37.00). Conclusions: There is significant variation in the degree of media engagement for hip and knee arthroplasty database studies. The topic of the article (surgical techniques) and journal of publication (BJJ) were associated with a greater level of engagement. Level of Evidence: Level V.

Self-Regulated Learning Assessment in Young Soccer Players: Beyond Competitive Levels.

Trecroci, A, Cavaggioni, L, Rossi, A, Bongiovanni, T, Invernizzi, PL, Formenti, D, and Longo, S. Self-regulated learning assessment in young soccer players: beyond competitive levels. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This study explores self-regulated learning (SRL) among young soccer players, transcending the traditional focus on competitive levels. One hundred twenty-four soccer players of regional and provincial levels from under 14 to under 17 age groups voluntarily participated in the study and were combined into a single group. A median-split method based on total time performance was used to separate players into low performers (LPs) and high performers (HPs) from a 90° change of direction dribbling test. The self-regulation of learning-self-report scale for sport practice (SRL-SRS-SP) with a 5-factor solution (planning, reflection, effort, self-efficacy, and self-supervision) and 31 items was used. The score was based on a 1-5 Likert scale. The level of significance was set at p -value < 0.05. The SRL-SRS-SP total score by HP players differed significantly from that of LP players ( p = 0.015). Regarding each subscale, HP players showed significantly higher scores than LP players ( p = 0.011) for planning, whereas no differences were observed for the remaining factors ( p ≥ 0.05). The main observation of this study revealed that HP soccer players had a greater level of engagement in the learning process with a remarkable ability to plan for specific improvement than LP peers. This suggests that the competitive level might not be the sole determinant of differences in SRL. Therefore, strength and conditioning coaches should emphasize metacognitive and motivational components because of their crucial role in enhancing technical and physical performance.

A Survey on the Speech Therapy Rehabilitation Landscape for Aphasia in Brazil

ABSTRACT Purpose to evaluate characteristics of aphasia rehabilitation, its barriers, and differences according to educational level (undergraduate level in speech-language pathology (SLP) or otherwise, professional qualification, Master’s or Doctoral/Post-doctoral degree) and region of Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory, analytical survey study was conducted. Speech therapists who work with people with aphasia (PwA) were invited to answer the online survey. Participants were recruited through the Brazilian Society of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and by snowball sampling. Results Of the 103 participants, 55 (53%) were from the Southeast region, 55 (53.4%) held an SLP undergraduate or professional specialization degree only, 21 (20.4%) a Master’s, and 27 (26.2%) a Doctoral or Post-doctoral degrees. Standardized instruments for assessing aphasia were used by 51 (49.5%) respondents. Functional therapy was used in 99% of cases. Professionals holding Doctoral or Post-doctoral degrees had a greater level of engagement in conferences (p=0.014) and in professional associations/societies than therapists qualified with lower education degrees (p<0.001). The high-educated group worked more with PWA during the year (p=0.002) and with more public health system users (p=0.002). These professionals also made greater use of telerehabilitation (p<0.001), group therapy approaches (p=0.015), and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (p=0.009). Additionally, they charged higher private consultation fees (p<0.001) and were predominantly from the Southeast region (p=0.047). Professionals from the South region delivered more outpatient care to PwA (p=0.007). All participants from the Southeast region used a multimodal therapy approach (p=0.021). For chronic PwA, professionals holding a Doctoral or Postdoctoral degree (p=0.035), and those from the Southeast region (p=0.049) provided therapy for longer. Conclusion Results revealed differences in type of therapeutic approach, assessment instruments and duration of aphasia treatment, according to region and postgraduate level of education. Future studies should investigate the causes of these disparities, along with barriers or approach preferences that may stem from undergraduate training and impact aphasia treatment approaches in Brazil.

Opportunities to engage in positive activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of individuals with mood disorders

BackgroundDespite cross-sectional population and clinical studies finding individuals with existing mood disorders being adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, longitudinal studies have not shown a worsening of psychiatric symptoms. In response to these findings, we explored opportunities to engage in positive activities during the pandemic from the perspectives of individuals with mood disorders. MethodsA bespoke survey, containing closed and open questions, was sent to participants with mood disorders who were part of the UK Bipolar Disorder Research Network (BDRN). Questions related to experiences of positive impacts of the pandemic, levels of engagement in positive activities and coping strategies. ResultsResponse rate was 46.4 % (N = 1688). 61.9 % reported positive life changes during the pandemic, with slower pace of life reported most frequently (52.8 %). 47.3 % reported no adverse impact of the pandemic on implementing their usual coping strategies. Activities that respondents most commonly reported the same or greater level of engagement in compared to before the pandemic were avoiding known mood triggers (82.3 %), relaxation techniques (78.8 %) and the ability to maintain set routines (69.4 %). LimitationsResponder bias may be present and experiences during the pandemic are likely to differ among other clinical and research mood disorders cohorts. ConclusionsOur findings may help to explain why longitudinal studies have not found a worsening of mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying potential facilitators to maintaining mental health have wider applicability, and may help to inform future evidence-based psychoeducation and self-management programmes for mood disorders.

The Integration of Prelaboratory Assignments within Neuroanatomy Augment Academic Performance, Increase Engagement, and Enhance Intrinsic Motivation in Students.

The study of neuroanatomy imposes a significant cognitive load on students since it includes huge factual information and therefore demands diverse learning strategies. In addition, a significant amount of teaching is carried out through human brain demonstrations, due to limited opportunities for cadaveric dissection. However, reports suggest that students often attend these demonstrations with limited preparation, which detrimentally impacts their learning. In the context of student learning, greater levels of engagement and intrinsic motivation (IM) are associated with better academic performance. However, the maintenance of engagement and the IM of students in neuroanatomy is often challenging for educators. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of prelaboratory assignments (PLAs) in the improvement of academic performance, augmentation of engagement, and enhancement of IM in occupational therapy students enrolled in a human neuroanatomy course. One cohort of students in the course was expected to complete PLAs prior to each brain demonstration session. The PLAs contained a list of structures, and students were expected to write a brief anatomical description of each structure. Another cohort of students who were not provided with similar PLAs constituted the control group. Students who completed PLAs had a higher score on the final examinations as compared to students who were not required to complete PLAs. These students also demonstrated greater engagement and IM, and indicated that they perceived PLAs to be valuable in the learning of neuroanatomy. Therefore, PLAs represent a useful teaching tool in the neuroanatomy curriculum.

Design, Delivery, Maintenance, and Outcomes of Peer-to-Peer Online Support Groups for People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders: Systematic Review.

BackgroundOnline support groups (OSGs) are one way for people with chronic diseases, their family or friends, and health professionals to communicate, gain information, and provide social support. As the number of peer-to-peer OSGs for chronic musculoskeletal conditions grows, it is important to gain insight into the different designs of groups available, who is accessing them, if and how they may be effective, and what strategies are being used to implement or increase consumer engagement.ObjectiveThe objectives of this systematic review of people with musculoskeletal conditions were to (1) describe the design features (functions, usage options, moderation, and expert input) of peer-to-peer OSGs, (2) describe the characteristics of the individuals using peer-to-peer OSGs, (3) synthesize the evidence on outcomes of participation, and (4) identify strategies used in the delivery and maintenance of OSGs.MethodsA search comprising terms related to the population (people with musculoskeletal disorders) and the intervention (peer-to-peer OSGs) was conducted in 6 databases. Results were filtered from 1990 (internet inception) to February 2019. Studies identified in the search were screened according to predefined eligibility criteria using a 2-step process. Quantitative studies were appraised by 2 reviewers using the Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool. Qualitative studies were appraised by 2 different reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Extracted data were synthesized narratively.ResultsWe examined 21 studies with low to moderate risk of bias. Of these studies, 13 studies included OSGs hosted on public platforms, 11 studies examined OSGs that were conducted in English, and 6 studies used moderators or peer leaders to facilitate engagement. Studies either reported the number of OSG members (n=1985 across all studies) or the number of posts (range: 223-200,000). The majority of OSG members were females who were not full-time employees and with varied levels of education. There were no randomized controlled trials measuring the efficacy of OSGs. Qualitative and quantitative studies identified empowerment, social support, self-management behavior, and health literacy as primary constructs to measure OSG efficacy. Neutral or marginal improvement was reported in these constructs. Sharing experiences and a greater level of engagement appeared to have an important influence on OSGs efficacy. The extent to which members posted on the website influenced engagement.ConclusionsAcross a diverse range of designs, languages, included features, and delivery platforms, peer-to-peer OSGs for chronic musculoskeletal conditions attract predominantly female participants of all ages and education levels. The level of participation of a member appears to be related to their perceived benefit, health literacy, and empowerment. Future studies are needed to identify which design and maintenance strategies have superior efficacy and whether there are concomitant improvements in health outcomes for people with chronic musculoskeletal conditions resulting from participation in OSGs.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42018090326; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018090326

Research Opportunities for Renewable Energy Electrification in Remote Areas of Costa Rica

Abstract Most countries around the world are politically driven to move toward a low-carbon future by embracing renewable energy technologies for electricity generation. With abundance of renewable energy resources, Costa Rica produces over 95 percent of its electricity from hydro, geothermal, and wind power plants. Only one percent of its population live without electricity, mainly in remote territories where rural off-grid electrification is very challenging. The purpose of this research is to contribute to enhancing the opportunities to reach universal electricity access in Costa Rica by studying some cases. A comparison with the African situation is made in order to find common points of benefit and learning. This article highlights that a greater level of engagement is needed from local leaders to develop efficient solutions in Costa Rica, and brings a relevant comparison with Africa’s energy needs as well.

An Examination of Health-Promoting Behaviors Among Hispanic Adults Using an Activation and Empowerment Approach

Obesity is a national epidemic in the United States. Racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by this obesity epidemic. Hispanic adults have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Levels of engagement in healthy eating and physical activity have been found to be associated with obesity. Research suggests that culturally informed, person-centered factors may influence engagement in healthy eating and physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between person-centered, modifiable variables (i.e., activation, empowerment, and self-praise) and health-promoting behaviors (i.e., healthy eating and physical activity) among a cross-sectional sample of predominantly overweight/obese Hispanic adults (N = 87) recruited from two Hispanic churches and their surrounding communities in the Bronx, New York. A series of hierarchical regressions revealed that empowerment and self-praise were significant and positively associated with greater levels of engagement in healthy eating. Additionally, self-praise was significant and positively associated with greater levels of engagement in physical activity. The current findings suggest that these modifiable factors may be useful in informing intervention programs designed to improve healthy eating and physical activity among Hispanic adults.

An Examination of Health-Promoting Behaviors Among Hispanic Adults Using an Activation and Empowerment Approach

An Examination of Health-Promoting Behaviors Among Hispanic Adults Using an Activation and Empowerment Approach Guillermo M. Wippold, PhD, Carolyn M. Tucker, PhD, Tasia M. Smith, PhD, Nicole Ennis, PhD, Shuchang Kang, MS, Andrea D. Guastello, MS, Tara A. Morrissette, MS, Tya M. Arthur, PhD, MPH, and Frederic F. Desmond, PhD What Is the Purpose of this Study/Review? • The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between person-centered, modifiable variables (i.e., activation, empowerment, and self-praise) and health-promoting behaviors (i.e., healthy eating and physical activity) among a sample of predominantly overweight/obese Hispanic adults recruited from two Hispanic churches and their surrounding communities in the Bronx, New York. What Is the Problem? • Obesity is a national epidemic in the United States. • Over the past 30 years, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity have increased significantly in the United States, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities such as Hispanics. • Hispanic adults have a higher prevalence of obesity compared with non-Hispanic White adults. • Seventy-seven percent of Hispanic adults are considered overweight or obese, and 46.9% of Hispanic women and 37.9% of Hispanic men are considered obese. • Weight loss interventions designed for the general population are less successful with individuals from ethnically underserved populations, such as Hispanics. • Culturally informed, person-centered factors may influence engagement in healthy eating and physical activity. What Are the Findings? • Empowerment and self-praise were significant and positively associated with greater levels of engagement in healthy eating. • Self-praise was significant and positively associated with greater levels of engagement in physical activity. Who Should Care Most? • Individuals interested in creating health promoting interventions among Hispanic adults. Recommendations for Action • Research should be conducted to identify strategies to increase empowerment and self-praise among Hispanic adults. • Identifying these strategies will likely increase Hispanic adults’ engagement in healthy eating and physical activity. [End Page 1] Guillermo M. Wippold Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Carolyn M. Tucker Department of Psychology, University of Florida Tasia M. Smith Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon Nicole Ennis Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Shuchang Kang Department of Psychology, University of Florida Andrea D. Guastello Department of Psychology, University of Florida Tara A. Morrissette Department of Psychology, University of Florida Tya M. Arthur Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University Frederic F. Desmond Department of Psychology, University of Florida Copyright © 2019 Johns Hopkins University Press

Relative Effectiveness of Print and Digital Advertising: A Memory Perspective

The exponential growth in digital media has raised questions about the relevance of print media in the overall marketing mix. In this study, we evaluate the relative effectiveness of print and digital media in advertising using a multi-methodological approach. Using eye-tracking and neurophysiological measures during exposure, we show that print ads are associated with greater levels of engagement and arousal, while digital ads are associated with shorter but more directed processing. When participants retrieved information about the ads a week later, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrate increased activation in the hippocampus and the parahippocampus regions for print relative to digital ads. Based on the postulated role of these brain regions in memory retrieval, we hypothesize that print ads lead to better encoding of contextual information and associations among the ad contents. We validate these hypotheses in an independent follow-up behavioral study. These findings suggest that print media have certain notable advantages in terms of memory encoding and retrieval, highlighting the importance of both print and digital media in advertising and marketing communications.

The influence of zero-hours contracts on care worker well-being.

Care workers have an important social role which is set to expand with the increasing age of the UK population. However, the majority of care workers are employed on zero-hours contracts. Firstly, to investigate the relationship between working conditions and employee outcomes such as engagement and general mental well-being in a sample of UK care workers and management. Secondly, to assess whether the use of zero-hours contracts affects employee well-being. A cross-sectional survey of domiciliary care and care home employees, undertaken using the Management Standards Indicator Tool (MSIT), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). T-tests and multivariate linear regression evaluated the differences in scoring between those with differing contractual conditions and job roles, and associations of MSIT scores with UWES and GHQ factors. Employee understanding of their role and job control were found to be priority areas for improvement in the sample. Similarly, care workers reported greater occupational demands and lower levels of control than management. However, while zero-hours contracts did not significantly influence employee well-being, these employees had greater levels of engagement in their jobs. Despite this, a greater proportion of individuals with zero-hours contracts had scores above accepted mental health cut-offs. Individual understanding of their role as care workers appears to play an important part in determining engagement and general mental well-being. However, more research is needed on the influence of zero-hours contracts on well-being, particularly in groups with increased likelihood of developing mental health disorders.

Engaging Middle School Students through Locally Focused Environmental Science Project-Based Learning

Increasing scientific literacy through education is one way to promote awareness of current environmental challenges, and can be enhanced through project-based learning (PBL), a pedagogical approach in which students explore authentic topics and demonstrate their learning publically. The National Science Foundation–funded GK–12 program at Iowa State University partnered doctoral-level graduate students (fellows) with middle and high school science teachers. This study analyzed results from one such middle school partnership in Iowa, where a PBL approach was implemented. Classroom practices focused on local environmental case studies of energy development, water pollution, soil science, climate change, plant biology, and ecology. Results from a student survey (n = 101), following a year with the PBL curricula, revealed significantly more positive attitudes and greater levels of engagement and confidence in scientific material relative to GK–12 peers (n = 329). Publicly submitted student letters to a government agency responsible for approving an oil pipeline project were also analyzed for scientific themes and levels of comprehension (n = 65). Overall, 60% of students demonstrated the ability to construct arguments by citing specific data and scientific evidence in the letters, and also incorporated topics covered in previous units (4–5 themes addressed on average per letter). Results demonstrate that a PBL approach in a middle school science classroom is a method to stimulate attitudes, engagement, confidence, and comprehension in the study of environmental topics. Discussion follows about improving K–12 science education to enhance public understanding and engagement around environmental policy issues.

Nurse Engagement in Shared Governance and Patient and Nurse Outcomes.

The objectives of this study were to examine differences in nurse engagement in shared governance across hospitals and to determine the relationship between nurse engagement and patient and nurse outcomes. There is little empirical evidence examining the relationship between shared governance and patient outcomes. A secondary analysis of linked cross-sectional data was conducted using nurse, hospital, and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey data. Engagement varied widely across hospitals. In hospitals with greater levels of engagement, nurses were significantly less likely to report unfavorable job outcomes and poor ratings of quality and safety. Higher levels of nurse engagement were associated with higher HCAHPS scores. A professional practice environment that incorporates shared governance may serve as a valuable intervention for organizations to promote optimal patient and nurse outcomes.

From Reluctant Online Contributor to Mentor: Facilitating Student Peer-to-Peer Mentoring Online

From Reluctant Online Contributor to Mentor: Facilitating Student Peer-to-Peer Mentoring Online

Computer games that exercise cognitive skills: What makes them engaging for children?

This paper stems from a mixed-methods study in which we scientifically tested 15 computer games to investigate their suitability for cognitive training. After determining which cognitive functions are utilized while playing these games, we were able to relate schoolchildren's game performance to their cognitive abilities (e.g., executive functioning, perception, memory). As a continuation, we sought to identify the factors that lead to greater engagement in games, such as children's age, gender, and cognitive skills, as well as game genres and features. Forty-one children played 15 computer games, each three times, under the scrutiny of two raters who completed an observational scale for each game. This scale was constructed as a reliable measure of engagement, comprising factors such as enjoyment, frustration, and effort. The data were analyzed using correlations and content analyses. The results indicated that game performance increased with greater levels of engagement and that games involving planning and problem solving tended to be too difficult for younger children. The findings of this study are informative for psychologists, educators, as well as game designers, and can be used to recommend engaging and beneficial games for children.

Applying uses and gratifications theory and social influence processes to understand students' pervasive adoption of social networking sites: Perspectives from the Americas

This study provides nascent information on university students' needs to adopt social networking sites (SNSs) pervasively. The study drew from the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and social influence (SI) processes framework. Relevant hypotheses were formulated to test the proposed research model. Data was collected in a survey of university undergraduates in four countries in the Americas (i.e., United States, Canada, Mexico, and Argentina). Data analysis using partial least squares (PLS) supported 8 out of the 10 hypotheses formulated. The SI process of internalization and identification, as well as UGT categories of self-discovery, entertainment value, social enhancement, and the need to maintain interpersonal connectivity through the construct of behavioral intentions, were found to have positive impacts on students' pervasive adoption of SNSs. The results also revealed that the cultural factor of individualism–collectivism had a positive impact on the pervasive adoption of SNSs, such that greater levels of engagement were observed for students from more individualistic cultures.

Community information portals: content and design issues for information access

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of an audit of community information (CI) portals to provide an overview of how CI is being organised and presented on the web by aggregating services, and how CI is being shaped and shared in community networks. It also investigates the role that public libraries play in online CI provision. Design/methodology/approach – The research sampled CI portals online within the Australian web domain (.au). An audit of 88 portals was undertaken to establish the scope, role and usefulness of the portals. The audit included a comprehensive usability analysis of a sub set of 20 portals evaluated for 20 different heuristics based on Nielsen's heuristic model. Findings – The research finds that the challenge facing portals is not a lack of information, it is the need to improve the mediation between the community services and people that CI portals promise useful and usable information for. While public libraries remain integral to the provision of CI in their geographical area, they now form part of a larger online network for CI provision, involving a wide range of organisations. Originality/value – The paper discusses the ways CI portals contribute to the provision of information about community services and identifies areas where improvements are needed. In particular, it discusses how these sites function as part of larger CI networks and where more innovative, and more standardised, design could lead to greater levels of engagement and utility.

The Impact of Two Curricular Models on Motivation, Engagement and Achievement in Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to compare motivation, engagement and achievement in two teaching conditions; one focusing on a skill-drill-game approach, and the second using Sport Education. Forty high school students were randomly selected to participate in either a Sport Education season or a Skill-Drill-Game unit. Post intervention measures of student enjoyment/interest, effort/importance, perceived competence, and pressure/tension were obtained for both groups. A daily gauge of engagement was obtained through pedometry. A pre- and post- intervention measure of aerobic fitness was used to assess achievement. ANOVAs indicated a significant difference between groups for effort/importance (p= .012) and enjoyment/interest (p= .005), but not for pressure/tension (p= .762) or perceived competence (p= .218). Three separate one- way ANOVAs indicated that the SEM group took significantly more steps than the SDG group during the introduction and skill practice phase of the season/unit, during the preseason/modified games phase, and also during the regular season/game play phase. ANOVAs indicated a significant difference between groups on both engagement (p= .005) and aerobic fitness (p= .048). The results of this study provide initial, but cautious support for the notion that participation in Sport Education moves students towards more autonomous forms of motivation, which in turn results in greater levels of engagement in classes. The results support Sport Education as a viable curricular model for teachers in order to promote engagement in physical education. The challenge now is to plan studies that formally test this notion, and also use more sophisticated measures of engagement that use both the dimensions of active involvement as well as emotional intensity and effort.

Should New Zealand Adopt Say on Pay?

Around the globe, the latest fashion in corporate governance circles is on a shareholder vote – sometimes precatory, other times mandatory – on CEO remuneration. Country after country has adopted Say on Pay in response to shareholder disgust over the size of CEO pay packets. Beginning with the U.K., and later followed by the Netherlands, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and the U.S., there has been a widespread acceptance of the shareholder vote on executive pay around the world. In this article, we ask the question: Should New Zealand follow the crowd and adopt Say on Pay, or should it continue down its own path, leaving directors with near total control over executive remuneration levels? Academics are divided over the desirability of Say on Pay – those that believe in strong managerial power are firmly against it, while shareholder activists come out heavily in its favor. The main theoretical arguments revolve around whether: it will tip the balance of power against managers; shareholders are competent to evaluate executive remuneration; third party voting advisors will gain too much power if it is enacted; there will be any reduction in the size, and rate of growth, of CEO pay packets; and it will strengthen the relationship between pay and performance.The experience in the U.K. and the U.S. to date sheds some light on the validity of these arguments. On average, shareholders have voted strongly in favor of executive pay practices at most companies. Say on Pay seems to have had little impact on the size and growth of average CEO pay, but it does appear to have impacted pay practices at poorly performing companies that have unusually high pay. There is a greater level of engagement between shareholders and managers on pay issues at many companies, and firms have become more responsive to negative shareholder Say on Pay votes. Third party voting advisors, such as Institutional Shareholder Services, have become important corporate governance players, whose recommendations have a significant impact on shareholder voting outcomes.In light of these academic arguments, and practical experience in the U.K. and U.S., we believe that New Zealand should carefully consider whether to adopt Say on Pay. We do not view the evidence as compelling the conclusion that Say on Pay is essential, but we can understand why some shareholders might want to see it implemented. However, the existing evidence shows that it is unlikely to have a big effect on current pay practices at most companies in New Zealand if it is adopted.