Great Harm Research Articles

EEG in Epilepsy.

The purpose of this article is to review the fundamentals and limitations of EEG, guide the selection of EEG type to answer clinical questions, and provide instruction on the interpretation of results within the patient's clinical context. EEG is the single most useful ancillary test to support the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy, but if used incorrectly it can cause great harm. Misapplication of EEG findings can lead to misdiagnosis and long-term mental and physical health sequelae. Although all neurologists may not have sufficient training for independent EEG interpretation, most should be able to review and apply the findings from the report accurately to guide patient care. Longer-term EEGs with similar recording electrodes tend to have higher diagnostic yields. Common EEG findings are described in this article, along with diagnostic limitations of some classically described patterns. There is an updated definition for an epileptiform discharge, along with a consensus on EEG patterns in the critically ill. EEG continues to be the most useful ancillary test to assist in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Its application requires proper understanding of its limitations and variability of testing results.

Principle of Consideration of the Consequences (Iʿtibār al-Maʾālāt) on the Conflicting Fatāwā in Malaysia about the Interfaith Marriage between Muslims and the Women from the People of the Book: A Comparative Juristic Analysis

There are two main fatwā institutions in Malaysia which discuss the problems faced by the Muslim community. These institutions are the state fatwā institutions, which exist in every state and the national fatwā council, which issues a ruling on the national level. The existence of these institutions with independent legislative jurisdiction has led to disagreements and conflicts in Malaysian fatāwā issues. One of the conflicting issues is the ruling on the permissibility of the interfaith marriage between Muslims and the People of the Book. It is very significant to examine this issue in light of the principle of consideration of the consequences (iʿtibār al-maʾālāt) in order to investigate whether the permissibility of this marriage in the context of Malaysia will bring maṣlaḥah, or the common good to the society. Therefore, this paper explores the opinions of Muslim scholars related to this issue in light of their consequences which will determine the appropriate ruling in the context of Malaysia. Analytical and comparative methodologies are employed to elaborate on the perspectives of scholars and the fatāwā pertaining to this issue. This study demonstrates that even though the general ruling for marrying the women from the People of the Book is permissible, the permission will bring great harm to the Islamic familial system. Thus, the researcher concurs with the fatwā that prohibits marrying the women from the People of the Book based on the principle of consideration of the consequences.

Discovery of Crinasiadine, Trisphaeridine, Bicolorine, and Their Derivatives as Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Agents

Plant viral diseases cause great harm to crops in terms of yield and quality. Natural products have been providing an excellent source of novel chemistry, inspiring the development of novel synthetic pesticides. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids crinasiadine (3a), trisphaeridine (4a), and bicolorine (5a) were selected as parent structures, and a series of their derivatives were designed, synthesized, and investigated for their anti-plant virus effects for the first time. Compounds 13b and 18 exhibited comparable inhibitory activities to ningnanmycin against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Preliminary research into the mechanism, involving transmission electron microscopy and molecular docking studies, suggests that compound 18 may interfere with the elongation phase of the TMV assembly process. This study provides some important information for the research and development of agrochemicals with phenanthridine structures.

Accelerated Screening of Highly Sensitive Gas Sensor Materials for Greenhouse Gases Based on DFT and Machine Learning Methods.

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) have caused great harm to the ecological environment, so it is necessary to screen gas sensor materials for detecting GHGs. In this study, we propose an ideal gas sensor design strategy with high screening efficiency and low cost targeting four typical GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6). This strategy introduces machine learning (ML) methods based on density functional theory (DFT) to achieve accurate and rapid screening from a large number of candidate gas sensor materials. Specifically, the candidate materials include 28 different transition metal-doped WSe2 monolayers (TM-WSe2), and four gas molecules and their optimal adsorption structures on TM-WSe2 are constructed. Ten fine-tuned ML models are implemented to train and predict the adsorption energy (Eads) and adsorption distance (D) of target gases on TM-WSe2, thereby selecting the optimal ML model and identifying these promising gas sensor materials. In addition, the gas-sensing properties of these materials are verified by band structure, work function, and recovery time. This research provides a reasonable and low-cost new way for rapid screening of ideal gas sensor materials with the help of artificial intelligence and proves its effectiveness through experiments.

Metal-organic framework functionalized magnetic Nb2CTX for high enrichment of polychlorinated biphenyls in water prior to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

As a typical kind of persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may cause great harm to human health. Recently, MXene has gained considerable attention due to its specific properties for the removal of pollutants by various principles. Present work reported a new functionalized MXene material, NH2-MIL-88 modified magnetic Nb2CTX, for developing a facile and efficient magnetic solid phase extraction method for enrichment and sensitive detection of PCBs in environmental water samples. The adsorption mechanism and parameters that may impact the extraction efficiencies of PCBs were explored. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to detect the enriched PCBs. The results demonstrated that nine PCBs possessed good linearities in the range of 0.005 ∼ 50 μg L-1 and 0.005∼ 40 μg L-1, respectively. The detection limits of PCBs were over range of 0.06 - 0.28 ng L-1. The adsorption of PCBs on NH2-MIL-88 modified magnetic Nb2CTX followed quasi-second-order kinetic and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. The fortified recoveries in real water samples ranged from 87.6% to103.4% (n = 3), which confirmed that the established method owned merits such as simplicity, rapidness, robustness, and high extraction efficiencies, and might be utilized for the detection of trace PCBs in environmental water samples.

Legal Considerations of Domestic Violence in Divorce (Case study at the Merauke Religious Court No. 254 / Pdt.G / 2022 / PA. Mrk)

Violence in Rmah Tangga (KDRT) is one of the reasons that is often used as the basis for divorce applications in court. This study aims to analyze the legal considerations desired by the judges of the Merauke Religious Court in deciding divorce cases on the basis of domestic violence in decision Number 254/Pdt.G/2022/PA.M. This research uses qualitative research methods. By using an empirical study or case study approach. The data collection is sourced from the results of the decision of case Number 254/Pdt.G/2022/PA. Mrk and interview. The results of the study indicated that case Number 254/Pdt.G/2022/PA. The reason that makes the plaintiff in this case the wife filed for divorce from the defendant who is none other than her husband is the first physical violence. The plaintiff said that this physical violence was in the form of beating and kicking the plaintiff which had an impact on bruises on his body. The second reason for the plaintiff is the existence of Psychological Violence, namely the defendant always says rude words that cause fear and threats to the plaintiff. The subsequent finding is that case Number 254/Pdt.G/2022/PA. Mrk mentioned that the judge in considering the filing of divorce on the grounds of Syiqaq or the existence of continuous quarrels and disputes. These legal considerations certainly obscure the reasons put forward by the plaintiff under the pretext of domestic violence, namely the existence of physical and psychological violence. In general, of course, the judge in considering the law in the decision has been fair, that is, the judge is based on benefits. Which if this case is not granted, it will cause great benefits or harm to one of the parties.

Research on the Carbon Footprint Impact of Using Individual Plastic Bottles in Orienteering Events in China

Global warming is nowadays seriously affecting people’s production and life and causing great harm to the natural environment. The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect, which is due to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As a measure of an activity’s contribution to global warming, the calculation of carbon footprint is essential. In China orienteering events, single-use bottled water is widely used as post-race supplies, which generates a large amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint. However, although bottled water is convenient, this consumption is still unnecessary, since there are other efficient alternatives. In this paper, the author discusses the possibility of changing the water supply strategy and method for orienteering events in China. Comparing the basic information and carbon footprint results produced by bottled water, barrel water and tap water, the author concludes that plastic materials required for barrel water are much less than bottled water since bottles own larger surface area than barrels when containing same amount of water. The author also summarizes that single-use bottled water system produces much more carbon footprints than municipal tap water system does due to the former one’s more complex and energy consuming process. In conclusion, the author considers that replacing single-use bottled water with barrel water and recycled cups or tap water is promising and has great benefits for the environment.

A narrow gateway from misogyny to the far right: empirical evidence for social media exposure effects

ABSTRACT Misogynist content is part of everyday social media use, exposing targets to great harm and normalizing problematic beliefs. Traditional gender hierarchies connect with far-right ideology, expressed intensely in online communities of the manosphere and the alt-right. Scholars have argued that this connection between hateful ideologies could work as a gateway from misogyny to further extremism. Building on these arguments, we provide empirical evidence for the gateway hypothesis within social media environments from a two-wave panel survey in Austria (NW1 = 1522; NW2 = 1033). Path analysis reveals that sexist content exposure boosts contact with far-right content over time, which is amplified for fringe environments of exposure. Further, sexist content exposure is related to behavioral measures for far-right extremism but not to attitudinal measures, whereas far-right content predicts none of the radicalization measures. Our findings suggest the relevance of individual and environmental factors for gateway mechanisms, establishing valuable insights for future research.

A defense of ectogenic abortion

AbstractA popular argument for a right to ectogenic abortions appeals to a right to avoid the obligations associated with parenthood. A common objection to this argument questions whether there are any sufficiently great harms associated with parenthood to ground such a right. I propose a novel formulation of this argument that avoids these objections. I then defend it against important objections.

Imaginations of Feasibility, Method of Production and Benefits of Oral MMR Vaccine

Measles, mumps and rubella are acute infectious diseases caused by viral infections in children and caused great harm before the use of vaccines. The Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) oral vaccine indicates a breakthrough in the fight against three infectious diseases which are measles, mumps and rubella. Unlike the traditional injectable MMR vaccine. This oral vaccine does not require an injection, and it can improve patient acceptance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study of the development, efficacy and safety of the oral MMR vaccine and compare it with the traditional injectable vaccine. It will emphasize the benefits of oral vaccines, such as reduced needle-related fears and increased accessibility, which are particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings where needle vaccination may be impractical. In addition, this paper will discuss the challenges of maintaining vaccine stability, dosage accuracy, vaccine efficacy and safety. Through these analyses, this paper seeks to determine whether oral MMR vaccine can be a viable alternative to global immunization efforts.

Theoretical Study on the Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Metal-Modified and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials.

Cr(VI) can cause great harm to human beings and the environment and often exists in the form of HCrO4̅ in aqueous environments. The adsorption characteristics of HCrO4̅ on nitrogen-doped and iron-nickel-modified carbon substrates were systematically investigated using first principles. The properties of electron transfer and orbital hybridization of the substrates and HCrO4̅ during the adsorption process were analyzed by electron deformation density and density of states. The electrons were donated by the metal atoms and gained by the oxygen atoms involved in the adsorption of HCrO4-. The binding energies of the substrates and metal atoms were larger than the cohesive energies of the metal atoms, indicating excellent structural stability. Both mono- and bimetallic modifications of the carbon materials by Fe/Ni were favorable for the adsorption of HCrO4-. The increased number of doped nitrogen atoms could promote the adsorption. Among them, (Fe,Ni)/N-C possesses the optimal adsorption of HCrO4-, with an adsorption energy of -4.64 eV. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the Fe-Ni bimetallic atoms simultaneously participate in the electron transfer and orbital hybridization, providing a new perspective for the adsorption of Cr(VI) on bimetallic-modified substrates.

Improving regulation of the use of soils and subsoils dumps in the Russian Federation

The analysis of the practice for regulating the use of dumps of soils and subsoils in the Russian Federation is carried out. It is shown that the existing regulations do not meet modern requirements for the protection and rational use of dumps of soils and subsoils. The absence of a unified recycling approach has been revealed. In some regulatory documents, dumps of soils and subsoils are considered as material for the reclamation of disturbed lands, in others – as industrial waste. Disagreement with the practice of classifying all dumps of soils and subsoils as waste of hazard classes 3–5 and subject to export to special polygons is justified. Disposal of such waste materials is administratively or criminally punishable. This approach to the material of soil excavation causes great harm to both the economy and the environment as a whole. It is proposed to change the practice of irrational use of soil and subsoil dump material and make appropriate changes to regulatory documents. One of such changes may be the introduction of the gradation “environmentally safe waste” into the documents on the definition of the hazard class of waste, with the prescription for the use of soil and subsoil dumps belonging to this category without restrictions on use in the national economy. It is proposed to clarify the magnitude of the soil thickness (soil layer) of 5 m, including the maximum depth of occurrence of fertile soil layer and potentially fertile layer. This value corresponds to the accepted stratigraphic rule on the general regularity of the structure of the sedimentary shell of the Earth. According to this point of view, soils are underlain by subsurface geological rocks, which does not imply the presence of intermediate geological layers between soils and subsurface.

Marketing to End War, Create Peace, and Enhance Sustainable Well-Being: Introduction to the Special Issue

Responsible marketing, policy, and consumer behavior are integral to ending wars, creating peace, and enhancing sustainable well-being. This editorial commentary introduces and provides an overview of a special issue comprising marketing research intended to prevent or ameliorate negative consequences from war and other forms of violent conflict. It features 11 scholarly articles by globally dispersed scholars using a range of methodologies at various levels of analysis. These distinguished researchers were motivated by keen awareness of and deep abhorrence for the deleterious effects of systemic violence, as well as by examples of policies implemented and products and services that have brought relief to the devastated and dispossessed. This compendium makes clear that marketing scholarship and practice can be effective in advancing well-being for populations suffering from systemic violence and related destruction, deprivation, and uncertainty. The scholarship is timely and compelling, as war and other forms of violent social conflict continue to inflict great harm on people, societies, countries, and our planet; it makes tangible a shared belief that constructive engagement via coordinated policy and marketing innovations can help end and mitigate conflict, and is vital to creating and sustaining peace and prosperity.

Confiscation as an Essential criminal mechanism for countering Transnational Organized Crime

The paper addresses one of the challenging issues of modernity. Although many international and domestic tools[1] have been developed in recent decades, including the fight against transnational organized crime, it is becoming increasingly extensive and global. "According to the International Monetary Fund, revenue from drug trafficking and money laundering accounts for six to eight percent of the global economy.[2] Thus, the fight against this phenomenon necessitates a continually updated approach. The increased use of digital technologies in the public and private sectors made criminals inclined to commit crimes causing immeasurably great economic harm to society. The leading driving factor for Transnational Organized Crime is to make the maximum profit in a short time. The effective fight against this complex criminal event is about recovering and confiscating assets acquired through committing crimes.[3] The paper is based on an analysis of doctrine and judicial practice. It also discusses distinct aspects and modern challenges related to the return of criminal assets in the fight against transnational organized crime. The study aims to identify gaps and measures taken to ensure their solution. [1] Tumanishvili G., (Samets. Ed.), Jishkariani B., (Samets. ed.), Shrami E., (Ed.), Influence of European and International Law on Georgian Criminal Procedure, Tb. 2019, 800-801. [2] Shelley, L., Transnational organized crime and seized assets: moral dilemmas concerning the disposition of the fruits of crime, 7 Maastricht J. EUR. & Comp. L.35 (2000), [24.01.2023]. [3] "Crime does not pay", - White paper on best practices in Asset Recovery, 1, https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/pdf/archivos-y-documentacion/documentacion-y-publicaciones/publicaciones-descargables/seguridad-ciudadana/White-paper-on-best-practices-in-asset-recovery-NIPO-126-12-071-X.pdf [05.08.2024].

Multi-enzyme simulation activity of MXene-based metal composites and the application for detection and degradation of phenolic pollutants

Phenolic pollutants are commonly employed in industries such as petrochemicals, dyeing, textiles, and pesticides, which cause great harm to our living environment and food safety. In this paper, the MXenes-based metal composites (M/MXenes, M = Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn) with multi-enzyme mimic activity were prepared by a facile molten salt method. The M/MXenes have mimic catalytic activity of peroxidase (POD), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and laccase. The catalytic properties of M/MXenes were analyzed and discussed in detail. In addition, M/MXenes still have excellent catalytic performance and stability in harsh pH and high temperature environments, making them very suitable for practical applications. Due to the excellent laccase mimic activity of M/MXenes, a simple colorimetric sensor was constructed for the detection and degradation of phenolic pollutants. Because obvious color changes can be observed during the catalytic process of phenolic pollutants by M/MXenes, M/MXenes were fixed into sodium alginate (SA) to form a simple hydrogel-based sensing platform for 2, 4-chlorophenol, methoxyphenol, 4-bromophenol, 3-bromo-4-methoxyphenol, 3-bromo-4-methylphenol, hydroquinone and 1,8-naphthol. By introducing different concentrations of phenolic compounds, a series of color changes on the gel carrier can be observed by naked eyes. Then, the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) values matching with the color change of the hydrogel were read out by the color recognition application in the smartphone, and the RGB value was converted into the concentration of phenolic compounds, which offered a convenient and reliable method for the rapid detection of phenolic compounds. Thus, the strategy offers the potential in rational design of nanozymes with the advantages of multi-enzyme mimic activity, simple preparation, low cost and good stability.

Optimization of Strength Factors in Microbial Solidification of Uranium Tailings Using Response Surface Methodology

Once the uranium tailings dam collapses, it will cause great harm to the surrounding ecological environment and people’s safety. This study experimentally investigates microbial grouting reinforcement of uranium tailings to advance microbial reinforcement technology and facilitate its large-scale engineering applications. The study simulated original environmental conditions and used tap water to prepare the culture medium and cement without sterilization or pH adjustment. The response surface method was employed to optimize parameters affecting the immobilization of uranium tailings, and the results were verified. The mechanical strength of the immobilized uranium tailings was determined through unconfined compression tests, while their microstructures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography. The findings indicate that the response surface method optimizes test parameters accurately, with the concentration of the cementation solution and the grouting amount being two main factors influencing the compressive strength of the solidified uranium tailings. Without pH adjustment, sterilization, or slurry modification using tap water, the bacteria−cementation ratio was set at 1, the concentration of the cementation solution was 1.3 mol/L, and the grouting volume was 70 mL. Notably, the strength of the uranium tailings increased 27-fold after seven rounds of grouting compared to the water-only group, and 6-fold compared to the cementation solution-only group. This study contributes to reducing the complexity associated with the application of microbial grouting technology in soil stabilization and provides valuable references for other engineering practices.

Religious Hate Speech against Islam in Bollywood Cinema in the Context of Self-Orientalism: The Example of “The Kerala Story”

Hate speech, which refers to any form of expression intended to humiliate, harass, intimidate or incite violence against a person or group because of their religion, language, race, gender, political preference, physical disability or illness, occurs in different societies and in different media. Undoubtedly, one of the most common forms of hate speech is religious hate speech. Religious hate speech, which causes great harm to the individual, group or society, when carried out through cinema, causes victimization to increase and the discourse to spread throughout the world. Religious hate speech, generally produced by the West towards the East in cinema, sometimes comes to life with self-orientalist actions and religious hate speech is reinforced. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to reveal how religious hate speech against Islam and Muslims is realized in the context of self-orientalism in Bollywood cinema. In the study, critical discourse analysis method was used and the 2023 Indian film ‘The Kerala Story’ was analyzed. According to the results obtained in the study, the film, which was designed with a self-orientalist perspective, contains intense religious hate speech against Islam. In the film, Islam and Muslims are associated with terrorism through characters, actions, lines and plot.

Lateral flow immunoassay based on aggregation induced emission nanobeads for the sensitive and accurate detection of chloramphenicol in pig hair

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a once widely used antibiotic, which is able to cause great harm to human health, is banned in some countries or organizations such as China, USA and the European Union for animal breeding. Because CAP in pig hair degraded slower and had amount of residues, pig hair could be used as the target to detect CAP residues. In this study, a competitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), whose label was aggregation induced emission fluorescent nanobeads (AIEFN), was firstly developed for the detection of CAP in pig hair samples. It exhibited a low limit of detection (0.001 μg/kg) and a broad linear range (0.0025–0.32 μg/kg). The recovery rate and coefficient variation with spiked pig hair samples were 88.50%–106.17 % and 1.01%–7.37 %, which indicated good accuracy of this assay. The result of AIEFN-LFIA for the detection of CAP in pig hair was consistent with that of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This assay was rapid with the total detection duration of about 20 min. AIEFN-LFIA was able to be used for rapid, sensitive, accurate and convenient detection of CAP residues in pig hair samples.

MLP-Based Research in Flood Probability Prediction

Flood is a kind of natural disaster with great harm. Probability prediction can reduce economic loss effectively. This paper optimizes the prediction of flood probability based on MLP model to reduce the loss. Based on the historical flood data set, a comprehensive correlation analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient was conducted to find out the influence of each potential factor on the probability of flood occurrence. Based on this, the potential causes of flooding by these factors are examined in detail by taking into account various theoretical and practical aspects, with the aim of revealing the underlying mechanisms and patterns. Two different methods, linear regression and MLP model, are used to establish the corresponding flood probability prediction models. The classical linear regression method is firstly used to predict the probability of flood occurrence, and after rigorous calculation and verification, the obtained prediction accuracy is 99.9250%. In order to further optimize this prediction model to achieve higher accuracy and reliability, MLP is skillfully applied based on five key indicators. Through a series of calculations, the prediction accuracy was successfully increased to 99.9254%. This shows that the improvement is effective and provides a more accurate and efficient method for predicting the probability of flooding. This result not only verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the prediction model, but also provides a solid foundation and strong support for further research and application.

Ni transformation and hydrochar properties during hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose

The harm of heavy metals to the environment and human health has become a major concern due to their high toxicity, ease of accumulation in the human body, and resistance to degradation. In particular, Ni is widely used in various industrial and consumer products, which is a toxic pollutant posing great harm to humanity and the environment. Hydrothermal carbonization has broad prospects for reducing the ecological toxicity of heavy metals. However, the effects and mechanisms of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the stabilization of heavy metals still need to be further explored. This research aimed to explore Ni migration and transformation within cellulose throughout the hydrothermal carbonization process. The results indicated that hydrothermal carbonization facilitated the immobilization of heavy metals due to the generation of hydrochars with complex surface structures. In addition, the hydrothermal carbonization process significantly decreased the weakly bound parts of Ni, thereby reducing the environmental risk of Ni. The optimal conditions for the hydrothermal carbonization process of cellulose added with Ni were 250 ℃ and 90 min. However, further increasing the reaction temperature or retention time resulted in negligible or even negative effects on Ni immobilization. In general, this study proposed possible mechanisms for the effects of hydrothermal carbonization on the migration and immobilization of heavy metals, which may provide insights into handling heavy metals in biomass.