Great Victory Research Articles

О проведении историко-генеалогического конкурса «моя родословная» среди обучающихся школ кластера непрерывного казачьего образования, кадетских корпусов и других образовательных организаций

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to one of the forms of patriotic education of schoolchildren — the holding of the Historical and genealogical Research Competition “My family Tree” and the final Educational and Research Conference «The fate of the family in the fate of the country: the Light of the Great Victory» for students of schools of the cluster of continuing Cossack education, cadet corps and other educational organizations. Regulatory documents. When writing this article, the authors relied on the Strategy for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 No. 996-R, as well as on the Strategy of State Policy of the Russian Federation in relation to the Russian Cossacks for 2021-2030, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated August 9, 2020, No. 505. These Strategies take into account the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal laws, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, normative legal acts affecting the field of education aimed at protecting children's rights and forming a sense of patriotism among children, involvement in the historical and cultural life of the people and the fate of Russia. In the year of the family, we tried to emphasize the special importance of holding the Contest ”My family Tree”, which shows the role of the family, schools, universities in educating children and youth a sense of patriotism, pride in the Fatherland. The purpose of the article. The article substantiates the effectiveness of using our proposed methodology for conducting historical and genealogical work on this Competition - "My family Tree" with further analysis of the students' works and subsequent exchange of experience at the Conference held annually at the Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (PKU) "The fate of the family in the fate of the country: the Light of the Great Victory." Conclusion. According to the authors, such a form of consolidating the results of the Competition is useful not only for students, but also for managers of children's projects.

Hronika Velikoj Pobedy (1941–1945) 22 iyunya 1941 g.

“Voprosy Istorii” history journal presents documents within our Chronicle of the Great Victory (19411945). The current issue contains documents related to the situation on the Southwestern Front on June 22,1941. This is the operational summary No. 01 on the situation at 22:00. It was signed by the Chief of Staff of the Southwestern Front, Lieutenant General M.A. Purkaev and the head of the operational department of the Southwestern Front, Major General I.Kh. Bagramyan. The second document is an operational summary of the Air Force Headquarters on the situation in the area of responsibility of the Air Force Command. It was signed by the Chief of Staff of the Front Air Force, Colonel N.A. Tygrebert and the head of the operational department of the Front Air Force Headquarters, Major S.A. Vladimirov. The documents are contained in Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Политика памяти как определяющий фактор процессов ремоделирования национальной идентичности в постсоветском пространстве (на примере Азербайджанской Республики)

Using the example of commemorative practices of preserving the historical memory of the feat of the Azerbaijani people and its contribution to the Great Victory, this article examines the mechanisms and tools used by the national governments of the post-Soviet countries through which national identity is being remodeled. The authors come to the conclusion about the need for a historical and sociological analysis of the remodeling of national identities when building directions for the development of international relations and alliances by the states of the post-Soviet space.

Development History and Role of The Vietnam Trade Union Organization

Over more than 90 years of formation and development, the Vietnam Trade Union has grown in all aspects and made worthy contributions to the great victories of the revolution, contributing to building the Vietnamese working class into an increasingly powerful force. The trade union organization has been consolidated and developed, with the number of union members and grassroots trade unions growing rapidly, and the cadre team developing both in quantity and quality. The union has expanded its activities to the non-state economic sector; increasingly effective coordination with various levels of government, organizations, and employers has been achieved, better fulfilling its tasks of representing, caring for, and protecting the legitimate and lawful rights and interests of workers, promptly addressing pressing issues, and contributing to the establishment of harmonious, stable, and progressive labor relations in enterprises. This study summarizes the birth circumstances of the Vietnamese working class and the Red Union - the precursor of today's Vietnam General Confederation of Labor; the role of the Vietnam Trade Union in the revolutionary process; and the urgent task for society to enhance the role of the trade union organization.

WINNING PEOPLE, WINNING LEADER

In this article, written on the occasion of his great victory in the presidential elections, readers are introduced to the achievements and valuable ideas of Mr. Ilham Aliyev. First of all, some points from the interview of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan to local TV channels on January 10, 2024; later, the statements he made at the swearing-in ceremony in the Milli Majlis on February 14, 2024 are recalled. It is considered appropriate that the younger generation can benefit from these ideas.

Chronicle of the Great Victory (1941–1945) June 22, 1941

Chronicle of the Great Victory (1941–1945) June 22, 1941

Fiat v European Commission: Fiat and Luxembourg’s Great Fiscal Autonomy Victory Comes at a Great Cost to the Commission

The Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) handed the European Commission a significant defeat in its objective to stop multinational enterprises from benefitting from illegal state aid, mainly through unilateral transfer pricing agreements. The CJEU corrected the Commission’s analysis and asserted that conferring a selective advantage from a state policy was only possible by comparing inconsistencies with the Member State’s legislation rather than a harsher EU-wide OECD arm’s length principle. This article will analyse the issues caused by the case’s outcome, such as parity and uncertainty in the Commission’s analysis for future cases. Additionally, the article will analyse the mostly unsuccessful use of the state aid provision by the Commission in its other cases and how the amendment of EU laws is needed to turn the tide in the Commission’s favour.

Amirkhan Eniky’s frontline diaries in the mirror of Russian-Tatar literary relationships

The article systematizes information on the history of the diary entries “Front daftarlarennan” (“From Frontline Notebooks”, 1941–1944) by Amirkhan Eniky, which served as a starting point for the creation of his war stories. They were published in the media half a century later, on the 50th anniversary of the Great Victory. In his brief comments, the writer admits that he kept notes secretly while working as an HQ clerk, serving in the guard, in between battles, and he decided to publish them in his declining years, considering their content to be instructive for a new generation. Our analysis of the diary entries reveals their genre and stylistic features. The article proves that their narrative is of discrete nature: it is not a picture of military everyday life that is brought to the fore, but a man’s image of the inner world, pictures of nature, which leads to the transformation of psychologism. In his “notebooks” the writer reflects on life and death, on war as a phenomenon and on human behavior in critical circumstances. The process of national self-knowledge in these frontline notebooks is associated with the process of personal self-knowledge. The artistic fabric of A. Eniky’s diaries includes episodes with prophetic dreams, excerpts from wartime letters, Tatar legends, Turkic proverbs and quotes from the books he had read.

Innovation and Reflection on Tourism Planning in Rural Revitalization Programme

With the great victory of "comprehensive well-being", rural revitalization has been given more and more attention in more and more regions. In the "rural revitalization" plans implemented in various regions, although each region puts forward different but appropriate "rural revitalization plans" according to the local conditions, there are still some plans that are not in line with the actual situation due to various reasons, and they have to look for other ways to find more suitable revitalization plans. This project will take the "rapeseed flower" festival in Zongyang County, Tongling City, Anhui Province as an example, and analyze the problems exposed through the application of relevant social analysis methods and big data applications, analyze where the mistakes were made, look at the qualities and positioning of the region clearly, and then expand the analysis of how to solve the problems and build new programs on the mistakes, which will help revitalize the countryside. and provide certain reference value for townships in similar situations.

Hronika Velikoj Pobedy (1941–1945) 22 iyunya 1941 g. «Protivniku udalos' na otdel'nyh napravleniyah dostich' chastnogo uspekha…»

“Voprosy Istorii" history journal presents two documents within our Chronicle of the Great Victory (1941-1945). The first one is operational summary No. 01 on 22.06.1941 of the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, Army General G.K. Zhukov. In it, he reported the position of the troops at 10:00 a.m. on the first day of the Great Patriotic War on the Northern, Northwestern, Western, Southwestern fronts and on the Soviet-Romanian border. The second one is operational summary No. 01 of the Chief of Staff of the 9th Army, Major General MV Zakharov, on the situation on the Soviet-Romanian border at 9 a.m. on June 22. The documents are contained in Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

A wonder adhesive for replacing the scarce metal

Introduction. Based on archival materials, the article follows a little-known fact of the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945, namely, the scientific discovery by the specialists of the Central Research Institute (TsNIPS), related to the creation of the formulation for the TsNIPS-2 construction adhesive. With its help, in a difficult period for the country, the industrial production of new construction materials was established and Red Army gunsmiths, located on the front line, quickly restored small arms that went out of action in battles with the enemy.Aim. To introduce into a scientific discourse the materials of archival sources on the history of creating a TsNIPS-2 new construction material, as well as on the individual research results of its inventor – a senior researcher, Cand. Sci. (Engineering) Maria N. Plungyanskaya, who worked for a long period in the TsNIPS Laboratory of Timber Structures.Materials and methods. Archival materials on the current topic were used in the preparation of the publication. Due to them, as well as with the help of retrospective, historical-typological and comparative research methods, the author traced certain aspects of the complex path of creating a new adhesive by clarifying its composition, order of preparation and industrial application.Results. The article studies and shows the individual stages of creating the TsNIPS adhesive formula, which ensured (due to cold-dry setting) the large-volume industrial production of high quality construction plywood of various thicknesses for the construction industry, as well as other timber structures that replaced the scarce metal. The procedure and rules for the practical use of the TsNIPS-2 adhesive by gunsmiths beyond the limits of stationary conditions (“in a trench”) for the successful restoration of wooden parts in rifles and assault rifles (butt, forearm, etc.), as well as the prompt return of thousands of weapons to the units are described.Conclusions. The content of the article will serve as a vivid illustration in the scientific and educational context about the traditions and activities of scientific schools, presented by the institutes of JSC Research Center of Construction, their contribution to the research field on the creation of new construction materials for increasing the power of the country. The research work of the Institute’s scientists was of a great practical importance, offering the construction industry new types of light industrial collapsible structures with a high transportability, their numerous achievements were effectively used at the front to achieve the Great Victory. In the period of 1930–1940, the construction, widely developed in the country, required, on the one hand, high-quality design solutions and, on the other hand, the simplicity and economy of their implementation. In these conditions, adhesive and laminated plywood structures were of a particular importance, ensuring the industrialization of the wooden construction part production and the cost-effectiveness of using timber in construction. The important properties of the TsNIPs-2 adhesive, obtained by the researcher M.N. Plungyanskaya, including water resistance and durability, as well as simplicity and ease of its handling, made it possible to use the material in industry for assembling the hulls of wooden ships, producing laminated structures, parts of cars, and oil pipelines, made of veneer or thin plywood, as well as in combat conditions for the manufacture and repair of small arms, etc., thereby bringing a significant economic effect and expanding the possibilities of its use in the domestic industry.

National myths in library space: Case of Ukraine in wartime

Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine actualized the issue of the identity foundations of the people of Ukraine and countering hostile anti-Ukrainian narratives. The purpose of the study was to outline the activities of Ukrainian libraries on countering the spread of Russian national myths and narratives, disclose presented in library space of Ukraine complex of suitable for construction of the Ukrainian strategic narrative key ideas and meanings, which reflect the Ukrainian community's mythologized ideas about itself, its place in the world and its prospects. An anthropological approach, methods of systematization, critical discourse analysis, discussion, external and included observation are applied. Related to the documented historical and cultural heritage key meanings, reflecting the Ukrainian community's mythologized ideas about itself, its place in the world and its prospects, suitable for constructing the Ukrainian strategic narrative and providing the spiritual and value basis of the national idea of the people of Ukraine were defined. It was revealed that decolonization of the library information space, publishing, socio-cultural, and educational activities of Ukrainian libraries in the conditions of the Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine are aimed at debunking such Russian national myths and narratives, as myths about “one people” and “one cradle – the ancient Rus’ state”, “the Great Victory” and the Great Patriotic War, the USSR as a country of prosperity. It was proved that libraries' efforts are directed to the forming and strengthening the informational resilience of users, establishing nation-affirming values and meanings landmarks related to the struggle of the people of Ukraine for freedom, statehood and independence, to periods of national elevation (the Kyivan Rus’ age, the Lithuanian-Polish period, the Ukrainian State of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky), the life-giving force of folk traditions, the pattern of the National Renaissance, the dream of the European future of Ukraine. The obtained results will be useful in the development of state information policy, the politics of memory, and in the practical activities of libraries

Heraclius. A Commander in the Service of Leo I and Zeno

Heraclius’ career, the one that can be traced in primary sources, lasted seven years. In its course he held the position of comes rei militaris and, perhaps, magister militum vacans and magister militum per Thracias. His greatest victories came in a war against the Vandals. They forced Gaiseric, the Vandal’s leader to undertake peace negotiations. However, these victories were eclipsed by Heraclius’ failures in the fight against Theodoric Strabo’s Goths and by the shameful circumstances of his death.

Intertwined Memories of Kryvyi Rih: The Ato, the Second World War, and the Cossacks

In the last decade, the politics of memory in Ukraine, implemented after the Revolution of Dignity and the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war in Donbas in 2014, has been the subject of intense scholarly attention. However, researchers mainly focused either on the national level of collective memory or on the cases of the few largest cities. Much less attention has been paid to processes at the local level, in the towns of Southern Ukraine. Kryvyi Rih is a large industrial city in Southern Ukraine. It is usually characterized by general sociological features of the region: Russian-speaking and Soviet nostalgia. In the context of the local history and political situation, the author shows how the presentation of three layers of memory about the past of the region entangled in the city`s space. Established on the former Zaporizhzhia Cossacks lands, the city manifests its Cossack identity. Simultaneously, the most popular politicians in Kryvyi Rih are still those associated with the former Party of Regions, which was presented by former President Viktor Yanukovych, who was removed from power during the Revolution of Dignity in 2014. The basis of their memory politics was to protect the (post)Soviet version of the history of the Second World War as the “Great Victory”. But since the summer of 2014, its commemoration has intersected with the commemoration of city residents who died during the Anti-Terrorist Operation in Donbas. The paper addresses the evolution of commemorative practices and the overlapping of commemoration of the ATO, the Second World War, and the Cossacks. It also raises the question of what place the memory of the ATO and the Second World War will take in the conditions of the ongoing war.

F.W. von Bauer and Russian Mapping of Moldavia and Wallachia

Abstract During the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 the advance of G.A. Rumiantsev’s First Army after its great victories at Riabaia Mogila, Larga, and Kagul was slowed by several factors, including the lack of adequate maps of southern Moldavia and Wallachia and the Turkish fortress line along the Danube. This problem was finally addressed by Lt General Friedrich Wilhelm von Bauer (1731–1783), a talented engineer in Russian service, a hero of the Riabaia Mogila and Larga battles, and author of a project to organize a Russian General Staff along Prussian lines. Bauer’s surveying work facilitated the Russians’ successful drive across the Danube in 1773 and this surveying work informed the remarkably detailed map of Moldavia he published in 1775 and 1781. The data he gathered for a similar map of Wallachia was published in his Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur la Valachie, avec un prospectus d’un Atlas géographique et militaire de la derniére guerre entre la Russie et la Porte Ottomanne (1778). Bauer’s work as a geographer and cartographer contributed to European knowledge of the geography and chorography of the Danubian region and illustrated the increasing impact of technicalism upon Russian military development in the eighteenth century.

“Ex Marte se procreatum” – Did the Roman Emperor Galerius Make Mars his Personal Protective Deitie?

Lactantius referred in his work On the Deaths of the Persecutors (De mortibus persecutorum) to a great victory which Caesar Galerius won over the Persians. From then on, he demanded for himself the title of Augustus and, we are made to believe, insisted upon being called a son of Mars as second Romulus. Did he thus deviate from the truth? Or, on the contrary, did Galerius render Mars his divine patron and does Lactantius’ account remain in agreement with other sources and reflect the true course of events. The aim in this article is to resolve this issue.
 It thus seems that as a result of the triumph over the Persians, which he was believed to owe to Mars, Galerius gained a new position already under the first tetrarchy, which Lactantius testifies to in his work On the Deaths of the Persecutors. It is thus clear that Lactantius’s testimony according to which Galerius recognized Mars as his divine patron is credible and remains in agreement both with a number of other sources and with the true course of events.

Putin’s Holy War of the Fatherland: Sacred Memory and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

AbstractIn mid‐2020, Patriarch Kirill (Gundiaev) consecrated a new church known as the Main Cathedral of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The cathedral was dedicated to the Soviet Union’s “Great Victory” over Nazi Germany, and its interior was covered with grandiose mosaics depicting Soviet glory on the battlefields of World War II. In this version of the past, however, Soviet soldiers were shown to have supernatural help from Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary. This merging of Orthodoxy and Communism shocked many observers, who viewed the two ideologies as bitter enemies, dating back the Russian Civil War. Yet on the walls of the new military shrine, the lions and the lambs had laid down together. Angels shielded Orthodox Whites and atheist Reds alike, and the Virgin gazed down on both tsars and commissars. Two implacable foes, on different sides of the greatest rupture in Russian history, had been sutured together into a single and uncontradictory version of the past. But where had this sacred synthesis come from? Who was responsible for the politics of memory preached on the walls of the Main Cathedral? And what role did these sacred memory politics later play in the Russian invasion of Ukraine?

Odin iz glavnyh tvorcov Velikoj Pobedy (maloizvestnye fakty biografii Marshala Sovetskogo Soyuza I.H. Bagramyana)

This article, based on the detailed study of various sources, including the funds of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Belarussian State Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War, presents little-known facts of the life of one of the main creators of the Great Victory over German Nazism, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Khristophorovich Bagramyan. Particular attention in the research is paid to his ties with the Belorussian SSR.

Great Dates, or How State Policies of Remembrance Construct History

The main patron and actor in the politics of memorials is the state. It is the state that takes care of compiling a standard list of significant historical events and significant historical figures.In this regard, the following questions arise. How did the set of historical events that were to be perpetuated and propagandised look in Soviet and post-Soviet times? How and by what criteria was the selection of historical personalities and events made? What features of state policy put the emphasis on these images? How did this memorial policy express the attitude of the authorities to the role of individual and collective in history? How did they reflect the gender element? Finally, what influence did the attitude of the authorities to religion have on the process of memorialisation?Vivid examples of the official policy of memory are the gazebo in Neskuchny Gardens, which was erected in 1951 in honour of the 800th anniversary of Moscow, and the design of Borovitsky Square with the adjacent Alexander Gardens, which appeared already in the 2010s. What are the similarities and differences between these two examples of memorial policy? It is shown that they share an emphasis on solving political problems with the help of the armed forces (war or revolution), a pronounced masculinity and emphasis on great military victories. This, of course, indicates the government’s positive attitude to war, the military, and the militarisation of history. These monuments are distinguished by their respective attitudes toward history, religion, revolution, war and the role of the masses in history as well as how exactly this characterises the politics of these two different states. These examples serve to explicate Soviet and post-Soviet memorial cultures. Emphasis is placed on the archaisation of thinking and public discourse characteristic of the post-Soviet period.

Республика Бурятия в панораме 100-летия: исторические вехи и достижения

Goals. The article aims to consider some key historical milestones and achievements in Buryatia’s nation-state building for over 100 years. The paper analyzes the conditions for the emergence of Buryat-Mongolian autonomy, and the factors that prompted reorganizations of the Republic’s political structure in the context of changes witnessed in the nationwide political agenda. Special attention is paid to the contribution of the Republic to the Great Victory, certain analytical emphases be laid on present-day challenges, achievements and development prospects. Materials and methods. The work examines unpublished documents stored at the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History, and State Archive of Buryatia. The principles of historicism and consistency prove instrumental enough in reconstructing the process of nation-state building in Buryatia, identifying specific features, and tracing general trends of state development in the Republic’s political life. Results. On 30 May 1923, the Presidium of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee decided to unite Siberian and Far Eastern autonomous domains (oblasts) of Buryat-Mongols into one autonomous socialist Soviet republic centered around the city of Verkhneudinsk. It is then and there that the statehood of Buryat-Mongols — consolidated by a single territory, economic integrity, and historical ties of all resident peoples — was proclaimed. The shaping and rapid development of industries in the Republic, transformations in agriculture, education and health care converted the territory of Buryatia into a strong supporting point that would render every possible assistance to the nation during the Great Patriotic War. The post-war years up to the 1960s and early 1970s became a period of progressive development in all spheres of life. At the all-Union level, merits of the Republic were distinguished with the Order of Lenin (1958), Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972), and Order of the October Revolution (1973). Events of the late 1980s and the subsequent collapse of the USSR served as a test of state viability to the Republic. The economic depression led to an unprecedented deterioration of the social situation which could actually result in a severest interethnic conflict. However, the accumulated experiences of cross-cultural interaction, flexible administrative and managerial systems, high educational and scientific levels of the population, and a unified language environment proved instrumental in neutralizing negative trends and strengthening constructive ones — as part of interethnic dialogue within the new statehood of Russia. Despite the complicated processes of the 1980s–1990s, Buryatia confirmed its loyalty to the principles of federalism and integrity of Russia. Another important milestone was the 1994 adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia. Over the past hundred years, the Republic has developed as a major political/legal entity of the Russian Federation — in cultural, economic, and other aspects. Nowadays, the peoples of Buryatia — regardless of faith and ethnic identity — join efforts to develop public economy and culture, shape a common destiny of the Republic and the country on the basis of friendship, harmony, and mutual understanding.