Great Truth Research Articles

"Location, Location, Location": The Cultural Geography of African Americans — Introduction to a Journey

So Jesus found Philip and said to him: Be my follower. Now Philip was from Bethsaida, from the city of Andrew and Peter. Philip found Nathanael and said to him: have found the one of whom Moses in the Law, and Prophets wrote, Jesus, the son of Joseph from Nazareth. But Nathanael said to him: Can anything good come out of Nazareth? Philip said to him, Come and see. John 1: 43-46. We have seen, to-day, the great truth, that when God does not destroy a people, but, on the contrary, trains and disciplines [them], it is an indication that He intends to make something of them, and to do something for them. It signifies that He is graciously interested in such a people. In a sense, not equal, indeed, to the case of the Jews, but parallel.... Such a are a chosen people of the Lord.... With all these providential indications in our favor, let us bless God and take courage. Casting aside everything trifling and frivolous, let us lay hold of every element of power, in the soil; in cooperative association; in mechanical ingenuity; and above all, in the religion of our God; and so march on in the pathway of progress to that superiority and eminence which is our rightful heritage, and which is evidently the promise of our God! Alexander Crummell (1877) (1) Who would have guessed in 1802 or even 1902, that the descendants of the Africans who were enslaved in the United States would become the most educated, wealthiest, and most influential African in the world by the dawn of the 21st century? The of European descent in the United States far outnumbered the Africans or African Americans. There were only a few locations within the United States where the numbers were in African Americans' favor. There was the Black Majority in Carolina in the colonial era, and with the expansion of the institution of into the southern and western territories in the early national and antebellum eras, a concentrated Black Belt was formed in the southern regions encompassing five to seven South states. (2) But these favorable demographics were in no way comparable to the seven to one ratio of Africans to Europeans on the islands of Jamaica, Hispaniola, Barbados, and others in the Caribbean. The sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations that emerge d in the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries consisted of large capitalistic economic enterprises that required the use of huge numbers of unfree to produce these staple crops for the international market. The plantation economy in the United States was confined to specific regions and locations, most notably in the Deep South, whereas in the Caribbean the plantation system dominated economic life, and the hundreds of thousands of enslaved African workers significantly outnumbered the Europeans. (3) The successful revolt among enslaved Africans in the French-controlled territory in Saint Domingue in the 1790s, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, resulted in the formation of Haiti in 1804, the second independent nation in the New World. Africans throughout the Americas viewed the Haitian Revolution as a model for overthrowing the system of racial slavery that accompanied the formation of the plantation economy in the Caribbean, North, and America. (4) For this reason Haiti was treated as a pariah state in the region and was isolated and prevented from participating on an equal basis with other nations in economic and political relations, much as was the case with Fidel Castro's Cuba in the last four decades in the twentieth century. However, the Cubans, despite the U.S. sponsored economic boycott, gained some degree of financial support from fellow communists in the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1989. (5) In the case of Haiti, the independent black nation was spurned by i ts neighbors and viewed as a threat even after the practice of enslaving Africans had ended. …

The Bridge at Quebec (review)

The late Mel Kranzberg enjoyed reminding people that "technology is a very human activity." What better example could anyone find of this great truth than the saga of the 1,800-foot cantilevered Quebec Bridge over the St. Lawrence River, originally conceived in 1851 and yet not finally completed [End Page 173] until 1918, following two dramatic accidents in 1907 and 1916 that killed seventy-five and eleven respectively? William Middleton, trained as a civil engineer but now writing transportation history, conducted a thorough search of the National Archives of Canada, the libraries of Laval and McGill Universities, and archives at the Smithsonian and Hagley museums to reconstruct this political and engineering account of a bridge that many wanted but no one seemed willing to fully fund.

The third therapeutic revolution: behavioral medicine.

Behavioral medicine--and one of its progenitors, biofeedback--are expanding as the Third Therapeutic Revolution, supplementing surgery and pharmacology in treating human illnesses. Parallel development of nonscience-based therapies is a part of the same revolution. Labeling their positive results as "placebo effects" hides a greater truth: faith and trust play an enormous role in therapy. The successes of both behavioral medicine and unorthodox complementary medicine are the result of the debonafide effect (my Latin for "from good faith"). Readers are urged to adopt this better definition of the "unexplicable" and substantial good results of both the placebos in research and the ministration of unorthodox treatments.

Editor's Corner: Introducing "Historians and the Legal System"

Other| April 01 1998 Editor's Corner: Introducing "Historians and the Legal System" Shelley Bookspan Shelley Bookspan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (1998) 20 (2): 5–7. https://doi.org/10.2307/3379415 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shelley Bookspan; Editor's Corner: Introducing "Historians and the Legal System". The Public Historian 1 April 1998; 20 (2): 5–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3379415 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1998 Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Table of Contents

Abstract Tour Helps Double School's Database Food for Thought Time Is Right to ‘Endow America’ Solicitation Timing Ask For No Gift Before Its Time Principles 101 Happy Holidays Targeted Solicitation Gear In‐kind Gift Requests Toward Manufacturers Resources for Seeking In‐kind Contributions Ideas Exchange Who Says Development Professionals Don't Have Fun? Campaign Strategies Board Chairman Issues Unique Campaign Challenge $10,000 Sponsorship Ideas Web Sites Worth Checking Out Solicitation Training Tip Best of the Best Case Statements Articulate Your Group's Fund‐raising Efforts Eight Great Truths About Case Statements Photography's Role in Raising Funds Creative Strategies for Obtaining Effective Photographs for Your Organization Year‐end Focus Tips Recognize Top Donors Records Management Develop an Efficient File Management System Planned Giving Build a Capable Planned Gifts Committee Where to Look for Planned Gift Committee Membership Five Winning Strategies to Recruit New Members Cultivation Strategies Aimed at Grandparents Ways to Improve Customer (Donor) Relations Generating Annual Gifts School's Annual Fund Piece Designed To Be Fun

Bosses of the City Unite! Labor Politics and Political Machine Consolidation, 1870–1910

In the late nineteenth century – an age when the phrase “all politics is local” contained even greater truth than it does today – the distinctive institution of urban public life was the political machine. In assessing the machine's importance, some scholars have emphasized the machine's role in integrating newly arrived immigrants into the American political system, its provision of basic material goods to the impoverished, its promotion of upward mobility of immigrants, and its coordination of a socially and politically fragmented city. Other scholars have focused on the long-range effect of the political machine on American politics and policy, arguing that the cross-class coalitions built by machine politicians muted the development of a politicized working class in the United States. Some extend this causal chain, arguing that the lack of a stronger class-based politics produced in turn the relative weakness of the American welfare state compared to other Western democracies.

THE GOSPEL, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

International Review of MissionVolume 84, Issue 332-333 p. 47-64 THE GOSPEL, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE THE THEOLOGICAL METHOD IN CULTURAL ANALYSIS Lamin Sanneh, Lamin Sanneh Lamin Sanneh is D. Willis James professor of Mission and World Christianity at Yale Divinity School and concurrently professor of History at Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.Search for more papers by this author Lamin Sanneh, Lamin Sanneh Lamin Sanneh is D. Willis James professor of Mission and World Christianity at Yale Divinity School and concurrently professor of History at Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: January‐April 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6631.1995.tb02688.xCitations: 4 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume84, Issue332-333January‐April 1995Pages 47-64 RelatedInformation

The W/hole Remains: Consumerist Politics in Bleak House, Great Expectations , and Our Mutual Friend

ARTICLES THE W/HOLE REMAINS: CONSUMERIST POLITICS IN BLEAK HOUSE, GREAT EXPECTATIONS, AND OUR MUTUAL FRIEND MONIKA RYDYGIER SMITH University of Victoria Tropes of consumption (or implicit consumption) saturate the narrative texture of Bleak House (1853), Great Expectations (1861), and Our Mutual Friend (1865). In Bleak House, for example, the Smallweeds itemize the contents of Krook's Store with "ravenous little pens" (524); Chancery lawyers prosper "like maggots in nuts" (182); while Vholes's blue bags are "hastily stuffed, out of all regularity of form, as the larger sort of serpents are in their first gorged state" (605). In Great Expectations Miss Havisham anticipates that with her death, relatives will "come to feast upon me" (116); and when Orlik (whose name connotes distinctly oral activities) threatens to murder Pip, it seems to Pip that "he drew [his hand] across his mouth as if his mouth watered for me" (436). In Our Mutual Friend, likewise, a strain of images associated with feeding multiplies throughout the narrative. Wegg, for example, is figured as a human gastropod, living upon Cavendish House "with the air of a leech . . . that had 'taken' wonderfully" (88); while the description of Boffin's Bower as a "Dismal Swamp" has the effect, semantically, of reducing trades-people and fortune-hunters to little more than swimming stomachs — "fish of the shark tribe" and "Alligators" — and their commercial hopes to mere gastric impulse: they "[lie] by to drag the Golden Dustman under" (262). Victorian Review 19.1 (Summer 1993) Victorian Review The extent to which Dickens's narratives — ostensibly the plotting of stories — are in fact constructed from tropes of consumption is remarkable. The significance, however, of this proliferation of images, both as narrative strategy and mode of representation, is best approached through a consideration of the context that produced it; for I take it as a critical axiom that genre is political: that the construction of actions and subjectivities in fiction is related to conditions of literary production outside the text. Taking this relationship into account, particularly the way in which mechanisms of silencing in the nineteenth century influenced textual practice, my intention is to demonstrate that the semantic splicings generated by Dickens's metaphoric configuring of character and action specifically in terms of eater and eaten provide a potent means of narrative contra/diction: an other way of describing what cannot be directly related. When Disraeli observed in Coningsby (1844) that "there are yet great truths to tell if we had ... the temper to receive them" (142), he was commenting on the way Victorian notions of propriety, "a nebulous, but powerful system of ideas and social practices" (O'Neill 8), operated to create an atmosphere of censorship, limiting the scope of fiction as a forum for public debate, not simply in terms of sexual matters, but also with regard to pressing social problems. Because of its focus on maintaining "appearances," especially the appearance of civility and decorum, propriety helped foster the idea that decent, ethical behavior was the active agent in shaping a generally cohesive society. In this respect, as Philip O'Neill demonstrates in his study of Wilkie Collins, Victorian propriety served "the factional interest of property" (8), for it helped quash discussion (and thus hinder perception) of the social tensions and conflicts generated by a system of proprietorship favoring middle- and upper-class males at the expense of every other social group. The kinds of silences imposed by the successful manipulation of this social code, cloaking class and gender based problems in a kind of invisibility, fed directly into "the strenuous effort" of England's prosperous elite "to maintain the facade of a harmonious and stable system" (Barickman, MacDonald, and Stark 7). Encouraging attitudes intolerant of specific kinds of discourse — such as depictions of hunger and homelessness, rage and rebellion — propriety was complicit in silencing voices of opposition and dissent, and by extension obviating social realities which did not conform to the world of "appearances": the illusion that England was a nation of mutually prosperous classes. Part and parcel of the propertied, bourgeois attitude, Victorian standards of propriety operated, in short, as an ideological mechanism which, by structuring areas of ignorance in the public mind, served the...

Tenure for Socrates: A Study in the Betrayal of the American Professor.

Prologue Academic Tenure The Irrelevance of Tenure Academic Tenure and Market Tenure The Special Contract Nowhere Near the and Academic Freedom Of and Academic Freedom Of and Facts Ways to The Academic Imperative The Great Truth and Society The Imperfect Society Paradox of the System Professor as Citizen The Americanization of Marx Betrayal of the Professor Professor as Professional The Economic Model Gresham's Law Teaching and Professing: An Epilogue Bibliography Index

The great heretics

"In every age," writes Bronowski (1973), in The Ascent of Man, ''there is a turning point, a new way of seeing and asserting the coherence of the world." Similarly, Abraham Lincoln (1862) said, "As our case is new, we must think and act anew. We must disenthrall ourselves . . ." It seems clear that the great forward leaps of human progress have been made by people who "disenthrall" themselves and develop "a new way of seeing and asserting the coherence of the world." We see this in Galileo and Copernicus, who had the audacity to claim the earth was not the center of the universe. We see this in Charles Darwin, who took on the religious establishment with the heretical idea that man was a product of evolution. We see it in political systems where Locke and Jefferson had the revolutionary ideas that humankind could govern themselves. We see it in Freud with his upsetting idea that man was not always a rational animal. All of these people challenged the current ordained wisdom of the time and all of them proved correct. These people were labeled heretics. Their ideas were aired amidst great controversy. Huxley once observed that, "All great truths begin as heresy." Humankind falls into a routine way of viewing the world and then, breaking the continuity, someone observes that the current orthodoxy is at variance with reality. A great debate ensues. New ideas are upsetting. Attempts are made to shout down new opinion. If the idea is grounded in

Misbegotten Muses: History and Anti-History by Richard C. Poulsen

Reviews 283 Writings About Butte; Remembering the Agricultural Frontier; Literature of Modern Montana; Contemporary Fiction; Contemporary Poetry),each intro­ duced by an informative and thoughtful essay. The editing of this anthology, which took over three years, is masterful: a random selection of entries will reward the reader with the verve and vividness and compelling drama of the writing. But the volume is unwieldy and daunting; I found myself avoiding picking it up to read for this review because it was so massive. I can’t see it being used—as it should be—as a text in high schools in Montana. Although the editors seem wedded to the idea of “one big book,” I think Montana literature would be better served if the material were divided into two volumes, one of early works, the other of modern and contemporary writing. Another small improvement that mightbe considered for future editions:page headings not only of the section titles, but of the authors as well. That would make it easier to dip into the collection—the most enjoyable way, I find, of reading an anthology. All in all, though I’m weighed down by the size, I’m elevated by the inspiring contents of this marvelous anthology of both familiar and unfamiliar works. NANCY PROTHRO ARBUTHNOT United States Naval Academy Misbegotten Muses: History and Anti-History. Richard C. Poulsen. (New York: Peter Lang. American University Studies, Series IX: History; vol. 32, 1988. 211 pages, $36.50.) Unhappy with the restrictions imposed on experience by historians, sci­ entists and other codifiers, Richard Poulsen in Misbegotten Muses seeks to speak to the unspoken, to spaces instead of things, to what is not there instead of what is there—to a reality lying beyond the usual modes of discourse. It is guru time, in short, and other gurus (Thomas Kuhn, Michel Foucault, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Marshall McLuhan, Roland Barthes, Joseph Campbell, Jacques Derrida, Black Elk) are assembled to bolster fifteen loosely-linked essays on such topics as the Donner Party, Mormon migration, Manifest Destiny and James Agee’s Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, a great book, we are told, because it resists conventional literary analysis and evokes a past “impervious to the inroads of history: there are no systems here” (147). That statement pretty much sums up Poulsen’s concerns. History, as his subtitle indicates, is the villain, and he fingers historians for encasing the illimitable past in rigid chronologies and the like and preferring their systems to reality’s untidiness. Systematization may be necessary, “but nihilation isalso essential to make sense of the individual’s journey toward the great truth of living, vibrant, inter­ human relations” (55). And so it goes. Folk culture is natural, open-ended, life-affirming; history is artificial, closed, life-denying, “a noise devoid of human meaning” (104). 284 Western American Literature Myth expresses “verities,” history only “manifest fictions” (88). It victimizes the past by “measuring an illusion of reality rather than feeling the pulse of a significant human event” (87). Thus the inability of historians to enter the Puritan mind or any unfamiliar territory. Not that feeling the pulse of the past is easy. It requires considerable groping, judging from Poulsen’s prose: “And yet some explanations seem insufficient to cope with, appreciate, the immense pervasiveness of certain folk, certain mythological images. It is one problem to be able to explain, prove, that animals. . .” etc. (60). This stylistic hesitancy, throat-clearing, is distracting, puzzling, given the author’s equal penchant for flat pronouncements. Those he disagrees with are wrong, even disgustingly so. And when he isnot lecturing historians for misrepresenting the past, he is lecturing the sources they use (the Donner Party survivors, for instance) for misunderstanding their own experiences. Yet all he offers are fortune cookie profundities: “facts are illusions of measurement which portray the mind of the researcher, not the condition of the thing observed” (86) ; “History is a divinity” (107) ; “Truth is the unending reflection of an image” (119); “Science is a system of measured prejudices” (120) ;“Chaos, like truth, is unbearable” (125) ; “Human life is a tissue of spaces” (135) ; “Satisfaction and greatness are antithetical” (147). One thinks of Herbert Spencer’s strain...

Great Books, Democracy, and Truth

Great Books, Democracy, and Truth

The Practice of Geriatrics

Publication of<i>The Practice of Geriatrics</i>raises several questions: How does a text on geriatric medicine differ from, say, one on internal medicine? What is the role of a shorter work (only 617 pages, compared with 1168 and 992 for the two others considered below)? And, finally, what are the strengths and weaknesses of this new book from Evan Calkins, MD, two coeditors, and 65 contributors? The editors anticipate these questions in the introduction, where it is stated that "... the structure and physiology of cells and organs of persons of advanced age are as different from those of a person of mid-life as an adult is different from a young child." One has only to digitalize, catheterize, or "surgerize" an elderly patient to learn the great truth of that statement. It is this emphasis on fragility, altered physiology, and rehabilitation that distinguishes works in geriatrics from those in many other

Great Truths in Small Words: Can More Be Said with Less?

Great Truths in Small Words: Can More Be Said with Less?

Murphy's Law Applied to Computer Assisted Instruction

In political science as well as other areas of the academic world, computer- assisted instruction is being proclaimed as an innovative teaching tool which teachers should be bringing into the classroom. Workshops on the subject are offered and short courses taught to those unfortunate enough to have missed the computer revolution in their own educational process. The proponents of C.A.I, (for some reason the computer field is devoted to acronyms) or Computer Assisted Instruction are like snake oil salesmen. They always dwell on the positive aspects but fail to warn the consumer of the negative ones.Many of the great truths of the world have found applicability in more than one area. An illustration of this is a series of statements given the world by Murphy.

Cancer genes come of age.

In 1866, Paul Broca sketched the pedigree of his wife’s family and discerned a hereditary diathesis to cancer. The insight seems to have attracted little attention in Broca’s time (indeed, this child of Broca’s brain went unmentioned by Carl Sagan in our time). During the century that followed, however, biologists began to seek genetic explanations for tumorigenesis. Now the quest has reached fruition: the long-imagined “cancer genes” have been brought into view. They were unearthed first by the predilection of retroviruses to transduce cellular genes-it was the search for retroviral oncogenes in the DNA of normal cells that incarnated cancer genes (Bishop, Ann. Rev. Biothem., in press). Two further strategies have since added fuel to the fire: integration of retroviral DNA can finger cellular genes whose activation apparently initiates tumorigenesis (Varmus, Cancer Surv. 7, 30931 9, 1982); and DNA taken from a variety of tumors can convert rodent cells to neoplastic growth, as if the DNA contained an active oncogene-of the sort we were once accustomed to finding only in viruses (Weinberg, Adv. Cancer Res. 36, 149-163, 1982; Cooper, Science 2 7 7, 801-806, 1982). Oncogenes of retroviruses have shown us that dominant genetic loci can convert cells to neoplastic growth. The experimental simplicity offered by viral oncogenes may be misleading, since natural tumorigenesis is thought to arise from several discrete events within the emerging tumor cell. It is nevertheless from tumor viruses that we have gained our most promising glimpse of biochemical mechanisms that may lead to neoplastic growth. Eighteen different oncogenes have now been found in retroviruses, causing different tumors by a variety of mechanisms. The proteins encoded by these genes display a provocative diversity (Bishop, op. cit.): some are tyrosinespecific protein kinases located on the plasma membrane; some are nuclear proteins that may bind to DNA within chromatin; some are glycoproteins that linger inexplicably on intracellular membranes throughout their life span; some possess structural features and biochemical properties evocative of electrogenic nucleoside triphosphatases (Gay and Walker, Nature 307, 262-264, 1983); and some remain wholly uncharacterized, offering promise of even further diversity. What does this diversity connote? That there is more than one way to create a cancer cell, of course. But a greater truth may lie beyond. It seems likely that the growth and division of cells are regulated by an interdigitating network spanning from the surface of the cell to the heart of the nucleus. If that Minireviews

Great truths that may not be

Leadership in ActionVolume 3, Issue 1 p. 1-4 Article Great truths that may not be Michael M. Lombardo Ed.D, Michael M. Lombardo Ed.DSearch for more papers by this authorMorgan W. McCall Jr. Ph.D, Morgan W. McCall Jr. Ph.DSearch for more papers by this author Michael M. Lombardo Ed.D, Michael M. Lombardo Ed.DSearch for more papers by this authorMorgan W. McCall Jr. Ph.D, Morgan W. McCall Jr. Ph.DSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/lia.4070030101AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume3, Issue1February 1983Pages 1-4 RelatedInformation

A developmental analysis of intrapsychic understanding: Treating emotional disturbances in children

Within the new discipline of genetic epistemology one must look more closely at the whole process of the acquisition of ideas. It is not sufficient to understand the dynamics of feeling; one must also understand the genetics of thinking, after which we may claim with greater truth that we really understand our patients. Our present understanding is too lopsided [Anthony, 1956, p. 341. An extensive body of literature has been devoted to various aspects of the child’s intrapsychic experience ranging from mechanisms of defense to feelings of self-esteem. Perhaps some of the most intimate data can be found in the clinical accounts of those who have studied troubled youngsters in the context of individual psychotherapy (see, for example, Axline, 1964, 1969; Freud, 1964, 1965; Moustakis, 1959, 1971).

The Four Ages

That was when the rings had become truly golden By being remembered dimly and made bright in The Great Fable that was itself the age, the age That was not the poor first but the rich harvesting Of cold grain smitten in the wind by early stones. The light of dawn was all eaten up in hunger For beginning again, when the vivid eye lived At subsistence level; it was only later On in the day when we saw what shining was all About, and when we could afford comparisons Of this with that and then and now, and time And space lay all about us waiting to be used. We remember the first age now only to give The lie, which is its great truth, to this later one.

Pangs of science

According to legend, Prometheus, who pitied the sad estate of mortals, defied the will of Zeus and stole fire from the sun in order to give that gift of power which made possible man the toolmaker, the traveler, and the food grower. Prometheus was condemned to torture and the gods on Olympus schemed to prevent mankind from fully possessing the fruits of its growing power. To this end, they created Pandora, whom they endowed with Aphrodite's beauty, Hermes' gift of persuasion, and Apollo's music to entice the heart of man. Endowed also with burning curiosity, inevitably she pried into the box which she had been sternly forbidden to open, a box which once opened could not be closed. And thence escaped a thousand plagues to scourge humankind until only hope remained. It was Bentley Glass who noted that the fact that Prometheus and Pandora are part of the same legend constitutes a great truth. For ...