Greater Resilience Research Articles

Evaluating two stages of silicone-containing arylene resin oxidation via experiment and molecular simulation

Silicon-containing aryl acetylene resin (PSA) is a new type of high-temperature resistant resin with excellent oxidation resistance, whereas antioxidant reaction mechanism of PSA resin under ultra-high temperatures still remains unclear. Herein, the oxidation behavior and mechanisms of PSA resin are systematically investigated combining kinetic analysis and ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the oxidation process of PSA resin undergoes two main steps: oxidative weight gain and oxidative degradation. The Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) is employed for describing oxidation processes and the best-fit one is obtained using genetic algorithms and differential evolution. DAEM model demonstrates that the oxidative weight gain stage is dominated by two virtual reactants and the oxidative degradation stage consists of three virtual reactants. Correspondingly, the observation of MD reaction pathways indicates that oxygen oxidation of unsaturated structures occurs in the initial stage, which results in the formation of PSA resin oxides. Furthermore, cracked pieces react with O2 to generate CO and other chemicals in the second step. The resin matrix's great antioxidation resilience is illustrated by the formation of SiO2. The analysis based on MD simulations exhibits an efficient computational proof with the experiments and DAEM methods. Based on the results, a two-stage reaction mechanism is proposed, which provides important theoretical support for the subsequent study of the oxidation behavior of silica-based resins.

The Mediating Roles of Smartphone Addiction and Resilience in the Relationship Between Triangling and Differentiation of Self

The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of smartphone addiction and resilience in the relationship between triangling, and differentiation of self. The sample consisted of a total of 536 university students from 32 universities, and data were gathered using Triangular Relationship Inventory (TRI), Differentiation of Self Inventory Short Form (DSI-SF), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and Demographic Information Form. Findings indicated that the path of triangling to smartphone addiction to resilience explained 45% of the variance in differentiation of self. Smartphone addiction has mediated the relationship between triangling and differentiation of self. However, resilience was not a significant mediator in the relationship between triangling and differentiation of self- we delineated our findings in the light of literature. Strategies (i.e., de-triangling) may help university students to overcome SPA, resulting in greater resilience and DoS.

Investigation of Nurses' Wellbeing towards Errors in Clinical Practice-The Role of Resilience.

Background and Objectives: The fatigue, stress, and burnout of nurses lead to them frequently making mistakes, which have a negative impact not only on the safety of the patients but also on their psychology. The ability to bounce back from mistakes is crucial for nurses. Nursing staff members' physical and mental health, particularly their depression, is far from ideal, and this ill health is directly correlated with the frequency of self-reported medical errors. The nurses' mental and physical health are also positively correlated with their perception of wellness support at work. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the status of nurses' mental and physical health regarding clinical errors and the impact of resilience on coping with these situations. Materials and Methods: A total of 364 healthcare professionals participated in this research; 87.5% of them were females and 12.5% of them were males. Most of the participants were 22-35 years old. The median number of years of employment was nine. Clinical nurses anonymously and voluntarily completed a special structured questionnaire that included questions from different validated tools in order to assess their state of physical and mental wellbeing after events of stress and errors made during their practice. Results: In total, 49.4% of the nurses had made an error on their own, and 73.2% had witnessed an error that someone else had made. At the time of the error, 29.9% of the participants were in charge of more than 20 patients, while 28.9% were responsible for a maximum of three patients. Participants who were 36-45 years old had more resilience (p = 0.049) and experienced fewer negative emotions than participants who were 22-35 years old. The participants who mentioned more positive feelings according to their mental state had greater resilience (p > 0.001). Conclusions: Errors were likely to happen during clinical practice due to nurses' negative experiences. The level of resilience among the nursing population was found to play a very important role not only in making mistakes but also in coping with errors during their daily routine. Wellness and prevention must be given top priority in all healthcare systems across the country in order to promote nurses' optimal health and wellbeing, raise the standard of care, and reduce the likelihood of expensive, avoidable medical errors. Healthcare administrations should promote prevention programs for stress occurrence in order to support nurses' wellbeing maintenance.

A resilient workforce: patient safety and the workforce response to a cyber-attack on the ICT systems of the national health service in Ireland

BackgroundIn May 2021, the Irish public health service was the target of a cyber-attack. The response by the health service resulted in the widespread removal of access to ICT systems. While services including radiology, diagnostics, maternity, and oncology were prioritised for reinstatement, recovery efforts continued for over four months. This study describes the response of health service staff to the loss of ICT systems, and the risk mitigation measures introduced to safely continue health services. The resilience displayed by frontline staff whose rapid and innovative response ensured continuity of safe patient care is explored.MethodsTo gain an in-depth understanding of staff experiences of the cyber-attack, eight focus groups (n = 36) were conducted. Participants from a diverse range of health services were recruited, including staff from radiology, pathology/laboratories, radiotherapy, maternity, primary care dental services, health and wellbeing, COVID testing, older person’s care, and disability services. Thematic Analysis was applied to the data to identify key themes.ResultsThe impact of the cyber-attack varied across services depending on the type of care being offered, the reliance on IT systems, and the extent of local IT support. Staff stepped-up to the challenges and quickly developed and implemented innovative solutions, exhibiting great resilience, teamwork and adaptability, with a sharp focus on ensuring patient safety. The cyber-attack resulted in a flattening of the healthcare hierarchy, with shared decision-making at local levels leading to an empowered frontline workforce. However, participants in this study felt the stress placed on staff by the attack was more severe than the cumulative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsLimited contingencies within the health system IT infrastructure - what we call a lack of system resilience - was compensated for by a resilient workforce. Within the context of the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, this was an enormous burden on a dedicated workforce. The adverse impact of this attack may have long-term and far-reaching consequences for staff wellbeing. Design and investment in a resilient health system must be prioritised.

Risk and Preventive Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among Older Chilean Adults During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT Objective To specifically examine the multiple factors related to the increase in depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in older adults in Chile. Method A longitudinal study was conducted using a dataset from a nationally representative survey cohort of Chilean older adults followed at three time points during the COVID-19 outbreak. The main outcome was depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire scale). The independent variables included: age, sex, educational level, geographic area, living alone, self-perceived health, self-reported resilience, loneliness, and social isolation. Results A total of 424 older adults were included. Female sex (β = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.68) and loneliness (β = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.37) were the main risk factors for an increase in depressive symptoms in older adults. In contrast, living outside the metropolitan region (β=-0.70, 95% CI: −1.39 to −0.02), living in company (β=-0.34, 95% CI:-1.24 to 0.56), having better self-perceived health (β=-5.04, 95% CI:-6.33 to −3.75) and greater resilience (β=-0.30, 95% CI: −0.38 to −0.23) were preventive factors. Conclusion These results provide useful evidence to develop mental health prevention or control strategies for older adults. Clinical Implications The findings highlight the importance of a holistic approach to health care for older adults that integrates strategies to address loneliness, foster resilience, and promote an active social life.

Examining Relationships Among Leadership Behaviors, Demographic and Program Factors, and Resilience in Physical Therapy Professional Education Program Directors.

Physical therapy professional education program directors (PDs) face stress associated with work roles and responsibilities, which can cause burnout and job turnover. Burnout and turnover in physical therapy education PD positions are influenced by inexperience, insufficient compensation, decreased support, heavy workloads, difficulty hiring and retaining faculty, and internal conflict. Program directors also receive insufficient training in their roles. Individuals with greater resilience, or the ability to face adversity with positive outcomes, may be more resistant to stress, burnout, and turnover. Therefore, this study's purpose was to explore the relationships among leadership behaviors, demographic and program factors, and resilience in physical therapy PDs. Of the 600 physical therapy PDs invited to participate in the study, 126 directors completed the survey (21% response rate). The survey included demographic questions, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Correlational analyses were used to investigate relationships among leadership behaviors, demographic and program factors, and resilience. Participants included 43 physical therapist and 82 physical therapist assistant PDs (79.4% female and 20.6% male participants; mean age, 52.0 ± 8.3 years; mean years in role, 7.3 ± 6.9 years). Mean MLQ-5X scores showed that participants primarily used transformational leadership (TFL) behaviors. The mean CD-RISC-10 score for participants was 33.06 (±4.10). Analysis revealed statistically significant positive relationships between all TFL behaviors and resilience. Exploratory regression analysis revealed that 3 leadership behaviors and one demographic factor may contribute to resilience in participants, although the proportion of variance was modest (39%). This is the first study to offer insight regarding the relationships between leadership behaviors and resilience in physical therapy PDs. These results may help lay the foundation for future research in this area, with the goal of decreasing burnout and job turnover through increased resilience.

Comparison of milling methods on the properties of common buckwheat flour and the quality of wantuan, a traditional Chinese buckwheat food.

The microstructural and techno-functional properties of buckwheat flour and its processability for making wantuan, as affected by different milling methods, were investigated. Results showed that the particle sizes (d(0.5)) of the flours made by stone-milling (SM), hammer-milling (HM), laboratory grinding with steaming pretreatment for 5min (LG-5) and 10min (LG-10) were 95.5, 111.5, 35.4 and 41.1μm, respectively. Moreover, SM and HM flours had less liberated starch granules and 20.84%-24.32% higher relative crystallinity than LG-10 flour. Slurries of laboratory-grinded flours showed excellent suspension stability. LG-10 flour had lowest pasting viscosities but greatest storage modulus and loss modulus. Color differences among the wantuan made from different flours were not visibly perceived (ΔE<5). Wantuan made from LG-5 flour exhibited highest textual quality due to its greatest resilience (0.376), good springiness (0.933) and accepted chewiness (1093.31). Concluding, steaming prior to grinding could improve the qualities of buckwheat flour for wantuan making.

Building Indigenuity, Generating HIV Science: An HIV/AIDS Research Training Program for Undergraduate and Graduate Indigenous Scholars (BIG HART).

Although great heterogeneity and resilience exist among American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, and Indigenous Latinx Populations across the United States, epidemiological data demonstrate these groups share a troubling commonality with respect to persistent health inequities, including HIV. A strong network of highly trained and productive Indigenous scientists dedicated to research that is culturally grounded is one component of a multifaceted approach that would contribute to ameliorating HIV-related disparities among Indigenous populations. Building on the only long-standing Indigenous-specific HIV/AIDS mentorship program in the United States-the Indigenous HIV/AIDS Research Training Program and with support from the CFAR Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative, the University of Washington/Fred Hutch CFAR developed and launched the Building Indigenuity, Generating HIV Science: HIV/AIDS Research Training Program (BIG HART) to introduce undergraduate and graduate Indigenous scholars to the field of HIV research. The BIG HART program includes a seminar series to introduce undergraduate and graduate Indigenous scholars to the field of HIV research, opportunities to connect scholars with Indigenous mentors and provide networking opportunities to facilitate training opportunities related to HIV science, and complementary training for mentors to enhance their knowledge and training related to mentoring across difference, with a specific focus on mentoring Indigenous scholars. The BIG HART program is an important starting point toward building a sustainable program to attract Indigenous scholars in the field of HIV and grow and empower the next generation of Indigenous HIV scientists.

Platform-based design for energy systems

Defossilization of the current energy system is a major requirement to decelerate anthropogenic climate change. However, a defossilized energy system is vastly more complex than current fossil-based energy systems: The integration of distributed energy resources and sector-coupling increases connectivity, demands interdisciplinary workflows, and creates a need for more sophisticated design processes. Inspired by the semiconductor and automotive industries, digitalization of the design process using platform-based design (PBD), coupled with the energy hub concept, can improve cost-effective energy systems design and accelerate the industry’s contributions to achieving net-zero emissions. PBD is an efficient and effective methodology to manage and de-risk the complexity of integrated energy system design, leading to affordable and reliable solutions due to the inherent techno-economic analysis underlying the decision-making process. Combining the PBD framework with the energy hub concepts establishes a powerful design workflow for developing holistic energy systems from a single building up to the district and city scales. The fundamental tenets of this workflow, as discussed in this paper, are (1) the separation of functions from architectures, (2) the identification of abstraction levels at which systems can be analyzed and optimized, and (3) the ability to repurpose components at all levels of abstraction to aid design reuse and allow performance feedback at every stage of the process. We argue that PBD can become the next frontier in energy system design. PBD, as presented in this paper, is not limited to the energy sector, and it can also be a sub-process of an even more holistic infrastructure design. Spatial planning, architecture, and civil engineering can all be further integrated with the PBD concept, allowing societies to reach ambitious sustainability goals faster, at lower cost, and with greater resilience.

The value system of modern youth after the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, which spread widely around the world at the beginning of 2020, has seriously affected the educational sphere as a whole. Under the influence of the pandemic, the psychology of young people, their value orientations, thoughts about the future, their well-being and behaviour are changing. R. Inglehart notes that this process is heterogeneous and manifests itself in different ways in different countries of the world. In developed countries with a predominance of values of self-expression and secular-rational values, the pandemic has affected more painfully than in developing countries with traditional values and values of survival. This study presents how the pandemic affected the values of student youth in Kazakhstan, a country that, according to R. Inglehart’s map of cultural values, occupies a more neutral position. And also it was analysed whether the trends in Kazakhstan correlate with global ones.Aim. The present research aims to identify how the pandemic has affected the value orientations of students in Kazakhstan and other countries around the world. The main hypothesis, derived by analogy with other countries of the world, is the assertion that the pandemic has led to widespread depressions among Kazakh youth, shaking their life values and the importance of education.Methodology and research methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was the research of R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, devoted to the problems of values, including in the conditions of the pandemic crisis. The survey method was also used. It was conducted on the basis of a sample formed: one thousand full-time university students from 17 regions of Kazakhstan (three megacities and 14 regions). A questionnaire containing 13 key questions concerning the values of young people, their prospects for the future, fears and anxieties, and the quality of education was used.Results. The results of this study and their comparison with similar surveys in other countries of the world allowed the authors to conclude that Kazakh students in general are experiencing the same negative consequences of the pandemic as their peers from other countries. However, in matters of life goals, educational values, career prospects and general well-being, Kazakhstani students show great resilience and a positive attitude. Based on R. Inglehart’s position, this happened due to the low economic development of the country, which, according to his system of values, is classified as developing countries with a strong traditional way of life and the predominance of survival values.Scientific novelty. The article for the first time attempts to analyse the values of Kazakh students through the prism of the concept of R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, and also shows the impact of the pandemic on the well-being, quality of education and value orientations of young people in Kazakhstan and other countries of the world. Practical significance. The materials of the article can be used to develop new approaches to teaching/educating students, taking into account the impact of the pandemic, the deterioration of the well-being of students and the crisis of values. This study reveals the specifics of these processes in Kazakhstan, one of the post-Soviet countries belonging to developing, traditional countries.

Cherished families, unspoken truths: Navigating hidden and challenging family experiences while growing up with LGBTQ parents

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to advance understanding of hidden, complex, and resilient family experiences as perceived by adult children from LGBTQ‐parent families.BackgroundDifficult and taboo family topics (e.g., mental illness, substance abuse, violence, infidelity, poverty) are rarely examined, particularly among LGBTQ‐parent families, in part reflecting researcher and family concerns about stigmatization or misrepresentation. Unique, complex, and resilient aspects of growing up in LGBTQ‐parent families reveal the need to study LGBTQ‐parent families in their own right, and not simply from a heteronormative, comparative perspective.MethodA sample of 39 adults raised by LGBTQ parents responded to a mixed‐methods online survey regarding parental and child‐related dynamics, challenges, and disclosure practices experienced while growing up. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsParticipants reported an array of challenging family experiences, about which they recalled great pressure to conceal, because of the intersecting stigmas associated with their parents' sexual orientation, the difficulties they faced, and their associated fears of negative evaluation and interference by systems of authority. Their narratives revealed several themes related to navigating challenging LGBTQ family experiences, such as feeling that their families' difficulties were not the result of having LGBTQ parents, but instead due to structural heteronormativity and marginalization.ConclusionAs a minoritized group, LGBTQ‐parent families experience societal scrutiny and family stress. Yet, despite reporting multiple problems and stressors associated with their childhoods, participants also revealed great insight and resilience as they sought to understand the complexity of their family upbringing.

Resilience and Sustainable Urban Tourism: Understanding Local Communities’ Perceptions after a Crisis

This study sought to examine the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on local communities whose residents are directly or indirectly affected by city tourism. Qualitative research was conducted via in-depth interviews and Leximancer software analysis to explore locals’ perceptions in two highly tourism-dependent southern European cities. While the crisis has had predominantly negative impacts on tourism, the pandemic’s positive effects could contribute to cities’ greater resilience and more sustainable tourism models. The results highlight the variables that residents perceive as having the most influence on city tourism, as well as providing insights into locals’ expectations for the future.

Sustainable infrastructure: the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on road base materials comprising natural and recycled concrete aggregates

ABSTRACT This study investigated RCA as a sustainable, cost-effective NA substitute in road construction. Mixtures with 0–100% RCA were tested under freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles for resilience and deformation, compared to non-exposed controls. The F-T cycles, mix composition, and stiffness are interrelated. The resilient modulus of NA-RCA mixtures increased for up to 5 F-T cycles, then slightly dropped. The 50% NA + 50% RCA mixture showed improved stiffness, with average MR increasing from about 321 MPa to 420 MPa. The 100% NA sample’s average MR dropped from about 220 MPa to 196 MPa after 5 F-T cycles. As RCA content increased to 50%, plastic deformation decreased from about 0.085% and then slightly increased. The 50% NA and 50% RCA blend showed the least plastic deformation (0.065%) in all F-T cycles, demonstrating RCA’s effective use in road construction. This composition showed great stiffness and resilience even after multiple freeze-thaw cycles. These results support sustainable road construction without compromising performance. It is essential to note that the study’s scope was limited to laboratory conditions, which may not fully represent real-world conditions. Future research should field test RCA and NA mixtures in various environments to validate the findings and assess long-term performance.

The prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation in Chinese psychiatric patients during the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong

People with mental disorders have increased risk of psychological distress during COVID-19. However, there is limited research comprehensively examining factors associated with suicidal ideation, the strongest predictor of suicidal behavior, among psychiatric patients amidst pandemic. We investigated prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation in 407 Chinese psychiatric outpatients (diagnosed with mood, anxiety or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders) aged 18–64 years during the peak of fifth COVID-19 wave in Hong Kong between 28 March and 8 April, 2022, based on a comprehensive array of variables encompassing socio-demographics, illness profile, psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures and pandemic-related factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine correlates of suicidal ideation. Results showed that 128 (31.4%) participants exhibited suicidal ideation. Univariate analyses revealed that being unemployed or full-time student, more severe depressive, anxiety, PTSD-like, insomnia and psychotic symptoms, higher levels of loneliness, avoidant-coping, greater pandemic-related stress burden and distress by social-distancing measures were related to suicidal ideation. Conversely, participants with higher monthly household-income, better quality-of-life, and greater resilience were less likely to have suicidal ideation. Notably, only depressive symptom severity was retained in final multivariate model as a factor significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Hence, we observed that approximately one-third of Chinese psychiatric patients experienced suicidal ideation during fifth pandemic wave. Our findings underscore the influence of depressive symptoms being above and beyond that of other psychopathological symptoms, psychological and pandemic-related variables on suicidal ideation. Longitudinal research is required to clarify suicidal ideation trajectories and predictors of persistent suicidal ideation across pandemic and post-pandemic periods.

A Comprehensive Literature Review on Polymer-Modified Asphalt Binder

Due to periodic variations in temperature and heavy traffic loading, hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements undergo considerable distress during their service life. The rheological properties of asphalt binder, when subjected to complex physical and chemical processes, make it stiff and sometimes brittle, which ultimately plays a huge part in pavement deterioration. This phenomenon is commonly known as asphalt aging. Incorporating polymer modifiers with virgin asphalt can work as an effective means to change the binder properties and alleviate the issues related to asphalt aging. Different types of polymers, including elastomers, plastomers, and reactive polymers, can mixed in different combinations with the virgin asphalt to create polymer-modified binders (PMBs). In general, polymers are typically added to the virgin asphalt binder in PMB manufacturing at weight percentages ranging from 3% to 7%. Previous research suggests that many polymer-modified binders (PMBs) show great resiliency and perform extremely well during field and laboratory testing, although the complex nature of asphalt itself makes it significantly difficult to understand the relationship and compatibility of the asphalt–polymer system. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive literature review on the chemical aspects, microscopic structure, and compatibility of polymers with virgin asphalt. It was found that swelling, storage stability, blend morphology, and the polymer mixing technique play a great role in the compatibility of asphalt–polymer systems. Thermoplastic elastomers (e.g., styrene–butadiene–styrene) and plastomers (e.g., ethylene–vinyl acetate) are the most used polymer modifiers for asphalt binders. The compatibility of the polymer–asphalt system can be improved by sulfur vulcanization, antioxidants, hydrophobic clay minerals, functionalization, and reactive polymers, among other techniques.

Enterprise resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of business environment.

Enterprise resilience captures enterprises' ability to survive and develop under uncertainties and shocks. Taking the shock of COVID-19 as an example, this paper employs a unique firm-level national survey dataset collected from a sample of nearly 40,000 Chinese private enterprises in 2020 to systematically explore the relation between local business environment and enterprise resilience. Our estimation results using ordered probit model indicate that favorable business environment can significantly enhance enterprise resilience and mitigate the shock of COVID-19 on firm performance. Mechanism analysis further shows that enterprises under better business environment generally have greater resilience as the result of timely and effective government support, reliable supply of production factors and logistics service, and lower levels of financial constraints. Our study deepens the understanding of the economic consequences of business environment and also sheds a new light on enterprise resilience enhancement.

Cooperative employment in the regions of Spain (1999–2019): The convergence clubs

AbstractIn times of crisis, the study of employment is of vital importance, especially that generated by cooperatives, which show great resilience. This paper analyzes the evolution of employment created by cooperatives in the different Spanish regions in relation to total employment between 1999 and 2019 with a pioneering approach. We analyze the existence of convergence clubs among the Spanish regions using the methodology developed by Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009). The results show the existence of four clubs that include the regions that converge in relative terms of cooperative employment over the 20 years analyzed. The lack of homogeneity in the behavior of employment in cooperatives in the different Spanish regions is demonstrated, with certain divergences among regions. These divergences make it difficult to establish a model of cooperative employment for the whole of Spain.

Depression in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: results from Czech arm of HEROES Study

The pandemic due to COVID-19 brought new risks for depression of health care workers, which may have differently influenced men and women. We aimed to investigate (1) whether health care workers in Czechia experienced an increase in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) which factors contributed the most to this change, and (3) whether the magnitude of the associations differed by gender. We studied 2564 participants of the Czech arm of the international COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) Study. Online questionnaire was administered to health care workers in summer 2020 (wave 0) and spring 2021 (wave 1). Depression was defined by reaching 10 or more points on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression investigated the association of participant´s characteristics with depression and multivariable decomposition for non-linear models assessed, to what extent the characteristic explained the change in depression occurrence. The prevalence of depression increased twice during the pandemic (11% in wave 0 and 22% in wave 1). Stress accounted for 50% of the difference, experience of death due to COVID-19 for 15% and contact with COVID-19 patients for 14%. Greater resilience and sufficient personal protective equipment were strongly associated with lower occurrence of depression. The protective association of resilience with depression was stronger in men than in women. We conclude that interventions to promote mental health of health care workers in future health crisis should aim at decreasing stress and enhancing resilience. They should be delivered especially to individuals who have contact with the affected patients and may face their death.

Social Influence and Government Responsiveness in China: Evidence from the Revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard

Abstract: Previous scholarship on state–society relations in China reveals that despite tight control, the government shows great resilience in responding to social demands. These findings, however, are inadequate to explain phenomena of change in government responses within a short period. Drawing on evidence from China's Revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, this article argues that the final outcome is influenced largely by whether society is able to forge a consensus by accurately employing the rhetoric embedded in the thoughts of various groups and the network of grassroots non-governmental organisations. Moreover, while past studies have focused primarily on state domination, this article also finds that many bottom-up elements influence nationwide policy revisions.

Well-Being and Resilience among Undergraduate Students at a Selected University

Abstract Introduction Today's students of healthcare professional courses are the pillars of future healthcare delivery system. Research studies have found that they are affected with psychological disorders. Objectives The objectives of the study were to assess the levels of well-being, resilience, and its relationship. Materials and Methods A descriptive correlational research design was adopted to assess the well-being and resilience among undergraduate students. A total of 135 participants studying in all levels of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS), Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.Sc Nursing), and Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) were selected by disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. The tools used for data collection were demographic Proforma, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, and positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) scale. The reliability of the tool was tested by using Cronbach's alpha formula that was found to have a score of 0.925 for Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and a score of 0.916 for PERMA Scale. Pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20.0. Results The mean well-being and resilience of the study participants were 160.34 and 73.67, respectively. Majority (49.6%) had normal level of well-being and greater resilience (77%). The correlation was 0.237 and it was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion There was an association between level of well-being and selected demographic variables such as age, education, level of study, religion, and residence, whereas level of resilience had significant association with education, religion, and socioeconomic status. Students' resilience can be promoted by implementing educational strategies and creating a supportive environment.