Library Of Alexandria Research Articles

APPI: Where Psychiatry's Past, Present, and Future Meet

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article The Medical Director's DeskFull AccessAPPI: Where Psychiatry's Past, Present, and Future MeetJames H. Scully Jr., M.D.James H. Scully Jr.Search for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 Sep 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.17.0004As you know, APA's publishing arm, American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. (APPI), is at the leading edge of our profession, publishing ground-breaking and clinically useful psychiatric research. But APPI is a treasure trove of history as well. Recently, APPI offered a wonderful gift to history lovers: the Psychiatry Legacy Collection, which makes over a century and a half of psychiatric research and clinical information easily accessible online. The project includes a collection of 162 years' worth of the American Journal of Psychiatry, which from 1844 to 1921 was published as the American Journal of Insanity.This rich collection can be accessed at<www.journals.psychiatryonline.org/>, psychiatry's equivalent of the great Library of Alexandria. By virtue of being online, our collection is widely available around the clock and around the world. APPI CEO Ron McMillen and his team have done a terrific job at putting this resource—some 20,000 articles—at our fingertips.In addition, the collection includes five other peer-reviewed journals from APA and APPI: Academic Psychiatry, Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, Psychiatric Services, and Psychosomatics.For the most part, the journals in the collection go back to their first issue.Most APA members and subscribers have free access to the collection once they have activated the online portion of their subscription.Other Publishing NewsThe APA annual meeting adds life and depth to our field: research papers are presented by investigators, journal readers are there to engage and ask questions, the APPI bookstore moves beyond its usual online realm—you can pick up and peruse the latest titles and meet some of the authors. APPI always draws a big crowd to “publishers row” in the exhibit hall.You might be interested to know that the five best-selling books sold at APA's 2006 annual meeting in Toronto were these:Quick Reference to the American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric DisordersLearning Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: An Illustrated Guide, by Jesse H. Wright, M.D., Ph.D., Monica R. Basco, Ph.D., and Michael E. Thase, M.D., with Glen o. Gabbard, M.D., as series editorBipolar Depression: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Rif S. El-Mallakh, M.D., and S. Nassir Ghaemi, M.D.Essentials of Clinical Psychopharmacology, edited by Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D., and Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Schizophrenia, edited by Jeffrey A. Lieberman, M.D., and T. Scott Stroup, M.D.These are superb books, each contributing substantially to our knowledge base and practice. You can explore these and other offerings at<www.appi.org/>.Also on the Web is PsychiatryOnline— the portal from APPI that unifies access to journals, DSM-IV-TR, and other key texts. Despite its newness, it has more than 1,000 subscribers, including more than 700 APA members. Are you one of them? This is a great and growing resource that now has a new feature—“Book of the Month,” which provides free electronic access (via PDF) to a new APPI book each month.I hope you enjoy the many ways that APPI brings knowledge to us all.▪James H. Scully Jr., M.D., is medical director and CEO of APA. ISSUES NewArchived

The Spiritual Lives of Great Environmentalist

The Spiritual Lives of Great Environmentalists William Ted Johnson Scottsdale Public Library, Arizona, USA Spirituality and the environment are ever in the news and are frequent topics of scholarly research, especially when it comes to how they influence one another. From ancient civilizations to contemporary culture, people have viewed the intersection of the environment with their personal lives in spiritual terms. Environmentally inclined individuals certainly do not have the spiritual market cornered, however. From musicians to machines, the spiritual side of each has been presented (Kavanaugh, 1992; Kurzweil, 1999). Admittedly, both terms, “spiritual” and “environmentalist” are ambiguous. The context in which they are used is quite important. Purpose, like context, is a critical consideration in the use of these terms. Faith, like fact, has been used to find truth. Science and religion both claim distinct advantages in their respective searches for truth. They have been allied as well as pitted against each other with varying levels of intensity and passion on their truth quests. Friend as well as foe, each frequently calls upon the other to validate their own worth in the search. Since Lynn White’s 1967 article in Science, which called upon religion to solve environmental problems, scholars have debated the positive and negative impacts of religious views on the environment. Evan Berry (2003) has made a significant contribution to this discussion. His holistic approach strikes a much-needed balance in the debate and he points out the futility of finding fault rather than fostering mutual understanding. It is hoped that the novel approach taken here to establish a relationship between spirituality and the environment, will make a significant contribution to the literature on the subject. History and opinion surveys, like those used by White (1967) and Berry (2003), respectively, have offered much food for thought on this complex issue. I propose a biographical approach, examining the spiritual underpinnings of those who have made significant contributions to conservation, preservation, or some sort of environmental issue (e.g. air or water quality improvement). The basis for this approach is that religious training, especially in one’s youth, plays a vital role in the development of an individual’s worldview, including one’s attitude toward nature. Books and articles abound on the relationship between science and religion, but very few focus on the specialized matter of environmental issues or environmentalists. Interestingly, White nominated a Christian historical figure, Saint Francis, as the patron saint of ecologists, in spite of the fact that he blamed historical

Million Book Project vs Google™ Print

Google's announcement that it intended to digitize all the books in several major research libraries was met with mixed reactions. John Wilkin at the University of Michigan declared “This is the day the world changes,” while Rory Litwin said inLibrary Juice that the move would “commercialize the great research libraries with a handshake, suddenly and epochally.” The four directors of the Universal Library and Million Book Project have received many questions about the comparative aspects of our work and Google Print. My purpose is to compare the two, talking about their genesis, the realities of collections and logistics, and the worries that arise from these realities.

Books for Youth

My Name is Bilal; Asma Mobin-Uddin; illus. by Barbara Kiwak Honesdale The Library of Alexandria Kelly Trumble; illus. by Robina M. Marshall

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FOR VICTORIAN RESEARCHERS–2005 AND BEYOND

IF SCHOLARShave a role model, he might be Umberto Eco's Brother William of Baskerville. Certainly our notion of the activity of scholarship–an investigator reading in a great library, alive to the treasures collected there–altered little from the Middle Ages through the twentieth century and still persists at the beginning of the twenty-first; but by the end of this century, the practice of scholarship will have changed utterly, and the scholar will require quite different skills from those that graduate students are being equipped with today.

What Makes a Library Great?

The author discusses seven measurable criteria that he accepts as defining a “great library”: Great libraries provide measurably superior service; have great funding; train and retrain their staffs; integrate their virtual, place and outreach services marketing; serve both the weakest and the strongest among their constituents; provide constituents with education and entertainment; and use virtual tools to offer a full range of timely information and services. These measurable characteristics define a modern library, the library that users want.

Science Education: on the agenda of the Library of Alexandria

(2005). Science Education: on the agenda of the Library of Alexandria. Museum International: Vol. 57, No. 1-2, pp. 92-99.

Physical Space for Virtual Services and Collections

Physical Space for Virtual Services and Collections Lynn Silipigni Connaway (bio) When discussing the information environment and how information is used, they cannot be better described than by the words of Bob Dylan in the song, "The Times They Are A-Changin": If your time to you is worth savin' Then you better start swimmin' Or you'll sink like a stone For the times they are a-changin'. As librarians, we need to understand better how people are acquiring and using information—"start swimming," or we may "sink like a stone." Users from the Alexandrian Library in 331 BC would easily recognize that they were in today's modern library. The physical attributes of the collection would be different, but they would know they were in a library. What happens to the library as place when the collection becomes increasingly electronic? New libraries continue to be built—to house the libraries' physical collections, provide access to electronicmaterials, and serve as a physical place where people come to read and to study. Fifteen years ago new libraries were being built to accommodate public access terminals. It was rare to see a user with a portable computer. Now that libraries and campuses are wired, the user is becoming unwired. What is the future of the library as a physical space? In 2003, Grant Gross reported that five billion gigabytes of data were generated in 2002, equaling 800 megabytes per person or enough data to fill 500,000 Library of Congresses. Of these data, 92 percent were stored magnetically on hard drives. Between [End Page 127] 1999 and 2002 the amount of magnetically stored data increased 80 percent, and the amount of physically stored data increased 43 percent. Yet, Americans consume 11,916 sheets of paper a year, and Europeans consume 7,280 sheets of paper a year.1 The notion of the "paperless society" has not materialized. Indeed, content that is accessed electronically is often printed for use. Therefore, in order to provide services and resources, including physical space, it is necessary to understand what types of information are being used, how that information is being used, and by whom. Information Use and Physical Space Studies One of the user communities that has embraced electronic information delivery most enthusiastically is the health science information community. Several recent studies of health information use may provide a clue where other disciplines are headed in terms of user needs, which will have an impact on planning for library space. An online survey of 2,000 adults aged 18 or older was conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project to determine whether and how they use the Internet to gather health and medical information. The report indicates that80 percent of adult Internet users (93 million Americans) searched for at least one of 16 health topics online. This is an 18 percent increase from a previously conducted study by Pew. The study reports, "Looking for health or medical information is one of the most popular activities online, after using e-mail (93 percent of adult users), and researching a product or service (83 percent)."2 Those seeking online health information believe that their health information and services improve; and their relationships with their doctors change, because of their newly gained knowledge of the subjects. Online groups and e-mail provide a support network for those who seek consumer health information.3 In the academic world, Brinley Franklin and Terry Plum examined the usage of networked electronic services in four health sciences libraries during a six-year period. In these libraries there are more than five remote users for each in-library user among the faculty, staff, and research fellow groups. Grant-funded research "accounted for approximately 32 percent of the networked electronic services activity at the health sciences libraries and 16 percent at the main campus libraries."4 For researchers with grant-funded projects, networked electronic services appeared to be used more from on-campus than from inside the library.5 In a recent Pew Internet and American Life study, Deborah Fallows reported, "Most Internet users still default to the traditional offline ways of communicating, transacting affairs, getting information, and entertaining themselves. ... The Internet...

Checking Out America: Libraries as Agents of Acculturation in Three Mid-Century Girls' Books

Checking Out America:Libraries as Agents of Acculturation in Three Mid-Century Girls’ Books Meghan M. Sweeney (bio) In 1931 James Truslow Adams published his best-selling book The Epic of America, which chronicled the "whole colorful pageant of the great epic which is [American] history" (vii) and coined the term "The American Dream." In his epilogue, Adams praises one institution in particular: the Library of Congress. Calling it "the greatest library in this land of libraries" (413), he insists that it "has come straight from the heart of democracy, as it has been taken to it, and I here use it as a symbol of what democracy can accomplish on its own behalf . . . Anyone who has used the great collections of Europe, with their restrictions and red tape and difficulty of access, praises God for American democracy when he enters the stacks of the Library of Congress" (414). For Adams, the American library was the circulating blood of American democracy, a semidivine establishment providing vital nourishment to all who desired it. American public libraries were free, as opposed to private subscription libraries popular in Europe. By the time Adams wrote his epic, the dream of the American library had become a reality in many communities. Despite the economic and structural problems that plagued some fledgling libraries, the public library had become a perdurable cultural force, both as an ideal and as an actual presence in the lives of millions of Americans. With the expansion of the library dream, books became more accessible to historically underprivileged groups: minorities, the working class, and children. In particular, children, because of their capacity for engagement and the relative lack of demand upon their time, were perfectly positioned to reap the fruits of the library. Not only could they find numerous books for their reading pleasure, they could also be more easily persuaded to accept the practices and procedures of this institution than would their older counterparts. Since children could be steeped in library culture throughout their entire lifetimes, they offered library leaders the opportunity to mold the perfect library patron—and the perfect American citizen. The library as a space of acculturation is a common theme in children's literature, especially in girls' books. While the classic girls' [End Page 41] bildungsroman—books such as Jane Eyre and Little Women—depict the protagonist in thrillingly forbidden reading rooms, later novels often focus on sanctioned reading spaces and wholesome reading materials. Below, I examine three books of this second type: Betsy and Tacy Go Downtown by Maud Hart Lovelace, Emily's Runaway Imagination by Beverly Cleary, and All-of-a-Kind Family by Sydney Taylor. In each book, the library acts as a crucible in which complicated notions of girlhood, racial and class identity, and "Americanness" are formed. I have chosen these books in part for their depictions of a variety of library experiences based on population and geography: All-of-a-Kind takes place in New York City, Betsy in a small Minnesota city, and Emily in rural Oregon. All are set in the first three decades of the twentieth century, the end of the Golden Era, when libraries were reaching out to a larger number and variety of patrons than ever before. Although situated in the early twentieth century, each book was published approximately forty years after the time period it depicts. That is, Betsy and Tacy Go Downtown (originally known as Downtown) was published in 1943, although the action of the book takes place in 1904. Likewise, All-of-a-Kind-Family was published in 1951 and set in 1912, and Emily's Runaway Imagination was published in 1961 and set in the early 1920s. The era these books represent was a time of profound change in America, not only in library culture, but also in the culture at large. The influx of immigrants, reforms in education, and fight for female suffrage made this a tumultuous but exciting time. These books offered mid-century readers a chance to explore this very different but not-so-distant past. Moreover, in the middle of the century, according to Suzanne Rahn, the genre of historical fiction began to show greater "potential for depth and...

Weiße Flecke in der Überlieferung der lyrischen Dichtung

In the history of canonised lyrical texts the few hundred years that passed between the origin of these texts (6th to 5th cent. B.C.) and their getting into the Alexandrian library (3rd cent. B.C.) are veiled in mist. Because of the scarcity of information about the Antiquities this obscurity is unlikely to be dissolved definitively and to general satisfaction. However, the problem can be addressed theoretically, the questions to be answered can be arranged around some focal points, parallelisms can be pointed out, the information available can be gathered and scrutinised and some newly discovered minor details can be added to them. That is how far this paper has purported to go.

The Alexandria Library and the Work of the International Friends

The Alexandria Library is well known, less known is the work of the International Friends. International friends’ groups have been set up with support from UNESCO. The original library’s origins and how it met its end are obscure. The rebuilding of the new library concluded with its being opened in 2002. An acquisitions policy is in place and materials are provided with support from Friends. looking to the future the library is hosting a mirror of the Internet Archive.

The new website of the Library of Alexandria

The new website of the Library of Alexandria

Gonzo Lives Underground

The underground has always existed. There has always been information that was not popular with the establishment. Despite the efforts of those in power to hide certain knowledge from the people, certain advances in the creation and dissemination of media have allowed disparate views to enter the mainstream. From the Library of Alexandria (the first incarnation of the internet) to Gutenberg's creation of a system of disseminating information more quickly than scribes could dream of, with each increase in the speed and simplicity of freeing up information there has been a revolutionary change in science, the arts, philosophy and politics. The 20th century has witnessed several of these revolutionary advances in information sharing. With the advances in culture and the revolutions in the arts and sciences there has been a rise in the popularity of certain forms of underground literature. From the experimental and explosive literature of the Beatniks to the music of the hippies and beyond to the present day, underground art has been leaking into the mainstream collective unconscious at an exponentially increasing speed. The increasing popularity of independent and underground music, movies, zines and culture (or sub-culture) have created a separate world of information and ideas that are not part of the mainstream culture. Now with the internet anyone can make their ideas available to the world. This has created a new format for the spread of underground literature, news and art that would not be made available in the much less interactive mainstream media. The internet is a new medium not only for the spread of information and art but for networking these subcultures. It may be the tool that allows the subcultures to slowly spread to the mainstream, bridging the information gap created by the corporate free press and corporate advertainment. In Celtic society, the Bardic class, the poets and musicians, were assigned a place of great power Great rulers could be deposed by a properly phrased satiric verse, juvenal exposed the truth behind the myth in classical Roman society through poems that simply told it like it was. Since then, poets and artists have had an important effect upon the culture of the times. The artists are the critics of culture and the visionaries that open up possibilities for the future. In the past century, the underground literary tradition has taken up this vein in creating new possibilities for the future. As we enter the digital age, where information takes an even greater role in the formation of the present and future, the underground literary tradition will have an even more important role, and with the aid of the internet the ideas of the underground can be freely spread to the people. It was the age of the Red Scare. America was united in conformity and one of the major tools used to create this conformity was the new mass media. Hollywood and television served as powerful propaganda tools. The American way of life had been standardized. American values were uniform. Either you were American (a God-loving believer in free enterprise devoted to simple suburban life) or you were a commie pinko fag. The 50's was a frightening example of how easily America could become a fascist state. Blind patriotism and hatred of a common enemy were benchmarks of the age of Father Knows Best and McCarthy. Orson Welles and other thinkers ahead of their time were blacklisted and pushed to the fringes of the mainstream. Far below the mainstream, however, a group of revolutionary thinkers and artists were releasing information that would create an intellectual explosion and which influenced the underground of the following generations. A group of writers, many of them commie pinko fags, emerged from the literary scene of the East and West coast and created a genre of literature that was far removed from the whitewashed conformity of everyday American life in the 50's. …

Canadian Rhapsody: Copyright Law and Research Libraries

This article considers the ground-breaking Supreme Court of Canada decision in The Law Society of Upper Canada v CCH Canadian Limited The matter involved legal publishers bringing an action for copyright infringement against the Law Society of Upper Canada for operating a photocopy and custom copy service at the Great Library of Osgoode Hall. The Supreme Court of Canada decision laid down important precedents in relation to originality, authorisation, and the defence of fair dealing. The ruling has been hailed as ‘one of the strongest pro-user rights decisions from any high court in the world, showing what it means to do more than pay mere lip service to balance in copyright’. This decision will have important implications for the regulation of new technologies. The approach has been applied in two decisions dealing with copyright law and the internet—the Canadian Federal Court case of BMG Canada v John Doe, and the Supreme Court of Canada ‘Tariff 22’ case. The Supreme Court of Canada decision in The Law Society of Upper Canada v CCH Canadian Limited provides an impetus to reconsider the judicial interpretation of user rights in Australian jurisprudence.

Edmund Janes James Builds a Library: The University of Illinois Library, 1904-1920

Edmund Janes James was one of the most effective American university presidents of his generation in building an excellent university library. He had gained a strong reverence for German institutions, especially the ability of universities to advance the public welfare, while taking a doctorate at the University of Halle. As president of the University of Illinois from 1904 to 1920, James worked with three head librarians - Katharine L. Sharp, Francis K. W. Drury, and Phineas L. Windsor - to build up library collections adequate not only to the needs of undergraduates but also to the task of training graduate students and providing the faculty with the research materials needed to discover new truth. James took a passionate interest in the library. When Sharp retired, he made a sustained and thorough effort to recruit an outstanding librarian to replace her. Drury and Windsor were both highly competent librarians who contributed significantly to building the collection and making the library useful to readers and research scholars. James, a demanding president, expected much of his librarians and drove himself hard. He envisioned the creation of one of the great libraries of the world at the University of Illinois and laid the foundation for the realization of his vision in later years.

‘Never to go forth of the limits’ Space and melancholy in Robert Burton’s library project

This article is a study of early seventeenth-century melancholy in the context of a library project introduced by Robert Burton in his Anatomy of Melancholy (1621). Modelled on the great libraries of the times, Burton’s library is designed to function as the only space free of melancholy and as such is to be structured on the principle of isolation. Discussing the interrelations between the Burtonian vision of the melancholy reader and his concepts of space, the article explores the terms of isolation Burton establishes in order to construct the library. The article is also an analysis of the problem ofborder transgression, which is constitutive for the notion of melancholy. Finally, the article presents issues involving the moulding of the brand new man Burton envisions: a man free of melancholy and inhabiting the supposedly isolated space of the library.

Marketing and Promotion of Information Services in the University of Ibadan Library

Lack of an effective marketing strategy of library resources has been found to be the main reason why targeted users–university teachers, researchers and students–are not using the Kenneth Dike Library of the University of Ibadan as they should. It was found that less than a quarter of these targeted users register annually in the library. A more aggressive marketing strategy has been set in place to sensitize users to the wealth of information resources available in this great library.

Books, Newspapers, and Sociability in the Making of the Portsmouth Athenaeum

N the nineteenth century, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was proud of its highly respectable literary institutions. Foremost among them was the Portsmouth Athenaeum, incorporated in 1817 and rapidly increasing in value. With more than seven thousand volumes, the Athenaeum was the largest single library in the state, and, although it was small in comparison to the great libraries of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, local boosters claimed that there were few if any, more valuable libraries of its size in the country. Thanks to the choices of a rigid, critical taste, the Athenaeum's shelves contained many very scarce and costly volumes, which are not to be found in any other library.' Athenaeum was fortunate to be so securely established, for the era's libraries depended upon the voluntary exertions of their members and occasional benefactors. As Jesse Shera demonstrated decades ago in a classic study, The average expectation of life of the social library was not great. Relatively

Book Review: Treasures from the World's Great Libraries, Fullerton, Patricia. The Flower Hunter: Ellis Rowan

Book Review: Treasures from the World's Great Libraries, Fullerton, Patricia. <i>The Flower Hunter: Ellis Rowan</i>

Chapter 2. Learning to Blush

This paper applies Edward Tenner's theory concerning the unintended consequences of technological innovation to issues affecting library collections. In reviewing recent, highly publicized critiques of preservation strategy-particularly those of Nicholson Baker-the paper tries to bring some clarity to the complex choices librarians face regarding artifactual and content-based preservation. It also raises the question of how the culture of a technologically oriented but grossly underfinanced professional community may have affected some of our past efforts to manage change responsibly, as well as our stance when we do not get things quite right; and it offers suggestions on how we might do better going forward. If our great research libraries are to act responsibly with regard to preservation, they will have to assume a much more cautious stance toward the wholesale adoption of technology than they have shown in recent decades. To our collective embarrassment-we may, like many other professional cultures, have to learn to blushprint may well turn out to be the most stable of the technologies available to us.