Great Ireland Research Articles

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

114-OR: T1DM in the Chronically Undernourished: Rural Ethiopia

T1DM results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors; the classical phenotype has been based largely on people of European background. However, Africa is a continent of enormous genetic diversity and extreme environmental conditions; do these differences have an impact on the T1DM phenotype? A consecutive series of recently diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (n=236, ≤35 years) and controls (n=200), were recruited from the ethnic Amhara of rural NW Ethiopia. We assessed their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, measured non-fasting C-peptide, diabetes-associated autoantibodies, and HLA-DRB1 alleles. With genome-wide genotyping we performed principal component analysis (PCA) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), and calculated a T1DM genetic risk scores (GRS) to compare their genetic background with known European T1DM determinants. Patients presented with low BMI, stunted growth, and were insulin sensitive; only 15.3% had diabetes onset ≤15 years. C-peptide levels were low but not absent (P=0.03). With clinical diabetes onset at ≤15, 16-25, and 26-35 years, 86.1%, 59.7% and 50.0% were autoantibody positive, respectively. Most had GADA as a single antibody; the prevalence of IA-2A and ZnT8A was low in all age groups. PCA showed that the Amhara genomes falls between those of ancestral European and ancestral African genomes. HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DRB1*04 were positively associated with diabetes while HLA-DRB1*15 was protective (P<0.0008 for each). The mean T1DM GRS (derived from European data) was higher in patients than controls (P=1.50x10-6). Autoantibody positive patients showed suggestive GWAS significance (P<5x10-6) with SNPs in the MHC region known to explain half of the T1DM heritability in Europeans. Thus, insulin-dependent diabetes in rural Ethiopia does have the immunogenetic characteristics of T1DM. The phenotypic differences between T1DM in rural Ethiopia and the industrialized world could be due, at least in part, to chronic undernourishment. Disclosure E.R. Trimble: None. S.A. Balcha: None. A.G. Demisse: None. D.L. Cousminer: None. R. Mishra: Employee; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc. B.F. Voight: None. K. Lorenz: None. T. Vartak: None. S.T. Jerram: None. K.M. Hodge: None. S. Schwartz: Advisory Panel; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Merck & Co., Inc., Salix Pharmaceuticals. A. Holmes: None. A. Gamper: Stock/Shareholder; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc., Unilever. H.F. Wilson: None. A.J. Williams: None. R.D. Leslie: None. S.F. Grant: None. D.I.W. Phillips: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-17-PDF-077 to D.L.C.); Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland; National Institutes of Health (1K99HD099330-01, R01DK085212); Diabetes UK

ВЛИЯНИЕ СЕКТОРОВ ФИЗИКИ НА ЭКОНОМИКУ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ, США, ИТАЛИИ И ИРЛАНДИИ

ВЛИЯНИЕ СЕКТОРОВ ФИЗИКИ НА ЭКОНОМИКУ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ, США, ИТАЛИИ И ИРЛАНДИИ

LEGAL POSITION OF LOS TRIBUNAL REGARDING MIXED DISPUTES

The article contains an analysis of the jurisdiction of the maritime tribunals over the three mixed disputes, related to issues of sovereignty over land. State sovereignty is a very delicate issue, related to territorial sovereignty; therefore, it is inappropriate to consider the state’s statement on the abolition of certain dispute settlement procedures in accordance with article 298 as more significant issues of territorial sovereignty. The awards on an Arbitration before an arbitral tribunal, constituted under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea between the Republic of Mauritius and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and An Arbitration before an arbitral tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the 1982 United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea between the Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China, illustrate the position of LOS tribunals regarding mixed disputes, which connected to terrestrial sovereignty issue. According to a decision analysis, concerning the jurisdiction of mixed disputes, related to sovereignty over land, the LOS tribunal considers the need for a preliminary decision on sovereignty over land, the intention of the plaintiff and the consequences of resolving the claim for a sovereignty dispute are taken into account. However, the tradition is not stable so the modification of criteria in future decisions is possible. Therefore, LOS tribunals have developed an approach to determining jurisdiction over mixed disputes that relate to land, but this will be further developed and detailed in the future.

Politycy Partii Pracy na rzecz Leave w referendum 2016 r.

The article presents the analysis of activities of politicians associated with the Labour Party undertaken in favour of leaving the European Union by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the context of the June 2016 referendum campaign. There are presented the historical roots of the critique of European Communities drawn from this ideological-political perspective (the opposition towards the European Economic Community in 1975 referendum), but above all the argumentation used more than four decades later by the opponents of staying in the EU. On the basis of conducted analysis, the specific elements of the main ideological poles that shape left-wing critique of the EU with regard to the British example have been distinguished.

Her Majesty’s Ships Erebus and Terror and the Intersection of Legal Norms

This article examines three main bodies of law that apply to the discovery of Her Majesty’s Ships Erebus and Terror. These ships set sail from England in 1845, became trapped in ice in what is now the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and were not re-discovered until 2014 and 2016. Public international law is relevant to the inquiry insofar as this body of law deals with immunity claims with respect to warships and state owned ships and property, and also establishes the rights of the coastal state with respect to the various maritime zones and activities within those zones. The UNESCO Convention of 2001 on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage is also relevant when considering the rights and obligations of states with respect to sunken vessels. In addition to the general body of public international law, the article also examines three bilateral agreements between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Canada with respect to the wrecks. These agreements—part treaty, part private law arrangements—form a second specialized body of relevant law. The final part of the paper examines how the status of the vessels is also governed by the terms of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement between Canada and the Inuit of Nunavut, the source of the third body of relevant laws.

Traces of the Invisible: How an Alternative Reading of The Sleeping Beauty Fashioned a Bookwork Heightening Awareness of the Role of the Anesthetist

This article discusses a Leverhulme residency undertaken by the author Julie Brixey-Williams in 2003–4 at the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Notions of medical visibility were explored through practice-led investigations under the umbrella title, Traces of the Invisible, that concentrated on making concrete, visible responses to the hidden or intangible elements of the anesthetist’s working life in areas such as sleep, breath, pain and genetic markers. Rosebud is a unique nine-foot concertina bookwork created after reading the entire story of The Sleeping Beauty into an anesthetic machine. This essay expands upon the concepts and material responses that led to the making of the book with particular reference to how the book’s structure forms a relationship to language and the body-as-site, whilst operating as a sculptural object that raises the visibility of the anesthetic profession. Fairy tales and their telling, including stories of enchanted sleep, transformational qualities, magical languages and shaman healers, will be examined alongside.

The Caroline Divines and the Church of Rome: A Contribution to Current Ecumenical Dialogue – A Review Article

Readers of the Journal will recall the Ecclesiastical Law Society's long tradition of serious ecumenical engagement, embodied in the biennial Lyndwood Lecture with the Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and recall that a number of members of the Society are regularly engaged with the Colloquium of Anglican and Roman Catholic Canon Lawyers. Moreover, ecumenical agreement and disagreement have canonical consequences, as, for example, in the debate about Anglican orders. In moral theology, particularly Roman Catholic moral theology, the relation between moral teaching, the confessional and canon law is obvious to any practitioner. My own interest in the Ecclesiastical Law Society was a direct consequence of my involvement in Anglican–Roman Catholic dialogue as successively co-secretary, member and consultant of the various embodiments of the Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC) from 1974 onwards. An ecumenical conversation with Canon Graham Routledge, a founder member, led me to seek membership of the Society in its early days.

ПЕРШИЙ АНГЛІЙСЬКИЙ ЗАКОН ПРО ОХОРОНУ СТАРОДАВНІХ ПАМ’ЯТНИКІВ

The advent of the first special antiquity law was preceded by a long stage of studying and organizing knowledge about historical and cultural monuments. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 18 August 1882 was the first of its kind by an Act of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Act lists the first 68 monuments or sites that have been protected by law. The text of Act consists of 11 paragraphs. The analysis of paragraphs 2, 3 and 11 gives us the opportunity to formulate the very concept of a «monument» contained therein, as well as to consider the types of ancient monuments that are distinguished by law. The Ancient Monuments are: houses, buildings and other structures located on the surface of the earth or underground, as well as caves and zones of archaeological sites and location of such houses, buildings and other structures, as well as caves and zones of archaeological sites. All the constituent elements and structures of the monument are considered to be its parts. The location of the monument includes not only the area of land on which it is located, but also the surrounding zones. Deliberate destruction or deterioration of protected monuments entails criminal liability in the form of imprisonment for up to one month and a fine. However, criminal and financial responsibility rests solely with outsiders. The owner of the monument is not punished for any action he may take on his property. Paragraphs of Act for the first time regulate the state registration of monuments. Such registration involves the identification of monuments, surveys and determining their value, inclusion in the list of protected, informing the owner or tenant of the monument about the inclusion of this object in the list etc. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 1882 was one of the most important results of a set of socio-political reforms in Victorian England. The brevity of the 1882 Act made it impossible to cover all the ancient monuments, which made it only partly a source of law. Currently, there is no single legislative act in the UK on the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments. After the act of 1882 by the middle of the 20th century were adopted and enforced several laws on various aspects of the protection of monuments. However, the main provisions governing this area of social relations were laid in the late nineteenth century.

New Zealand Constitution: a fusion of legislative acts, case law (stare decisis), customs (conventions) and treaties

The article examines the genesis of the Constitution of New Zealand, the formation of its constituent parts and the main sources of constitutional law; it generally profiles the Constitution. The article shows the mutual influence and interweaving of the components of the unconsolidated Constitution of New Zealand in contemporary conditions. In particular, the constitutional provisions presented in the Treaty of Waitangi are examined, and attention is focused on the contemporary problems of its current interpretation and application, although the historical context of its drafting and conclusion is shown. The article deals with the interpretation of some basic constitutional terms when using different official languages of New Zealand, first of all Maori and English tongues. In this regard, one of the urgent issues, which are being discussed quite widely in New Zealand, is the discrepancies found in the wording of fundamental constitutional provisions in the official texts of the Treaty of Waitangi in these two languages. The article examines a number of court decisions containing constitutionally significant precedents (stare decisis), including those on the application of the Treaty of Waitangi. The article shows how, as a result of the judicial complex interpretation of the Treaty of Waitangi and the legislation, the principles of the said Treaty have been developed. The article provides a general characterization of the laws and other regulatory legal acts that together form part of the unconsolidated Constitution of New Zealand. Special attention is paid to the 1986 Act of Constitution because of the importance of the constitutional issues regulated by this statute. The development of constitutional provisions in the 1986 Act of Constitution in comparison with the previous 1852 Act of Constitution is presented. At the same time, the laws, which are considered in New Zealand as an integral part of the Constitution, are summarized. The place and role of the laws of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the modern Constitution of New Zealand are determined. Along with this, other regulatory legal acts that form part of the Constitution are being investigated, in particular, the Letters Patent and the Cabinet Manual. The article also presents New Zealand customs, which have constitutional significance, including conventional norms, and the peculiarities of their application.

A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland

A revised checklist of spider species found in Great Britain and Ireland is presented together with their national distributions, national and international conservation statuses and synonymies. The list allows users to access the sources most often used in studying spiders on the archipelago.

Abstracts of the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, 22nd AUGIS Annual Meeting 25-27 September 2019, ACC Conference Centre, Liverpool.

Abstracts of the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, 22nd AUGIS Annual Meeting 25-27 September 2019, ACC Conference Centre, Liverpool.

Repurposing an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of hypertrophic heart disease.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction combined with maladaptive cardiomyocyte morphology and energetics is a major contributor to heart failure advancement. Thus, dually enhancing cardiac angiogenesis and targeting cardiomyocyte function to slow, or reverse, the development of heart failure is a logical step towards improved therapy. We present evidence for the potential to repurpose a former anti‐cancer Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐mimetic pentapeptide, cilengitide, here used at low doses. Cilengitide targets αvβ3 integrin and this protein is upregulated in human dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Treatment of mice after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) surgery with low‐dose cilengitide (ldCil) enhances coronary angiogenesis and directly affects cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with an associated reduction in disease severity. At a molecular level, ldCil treatment has a direct effect on cardiac endothelial cell transcriptomic profiles, with a significant enhancement of pro‐angiogenic signalling pathways, corroborating the enhanced angiogenic phenotype after ldCil treatment. Moreover, ldCil treatment of Angiotensin II‐stimulated AngII‐stimulated cardiomyocytes significantly restores transcriptomic profiles similar to those found in normal human heart. The significance of this finding is enhanced by transcriptional similarities between AngII‐treated cardiomyocytes and failing human hearts. Taken together, our data provide evidence supporting a possible new strategy for improved heart failure treatment using low‐dose RGD‐mimetics with relevance to human disease. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Religious Outlook in Times of Deep Mediatization. A Case Study of the Print Media of the Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain and Ireland

<p>This paper discusses the religious outlook of the Russian Orthodox Church in Great Britain and Ireland constructed in its official journal. Starting point for the discussion is the social-constructivist approach to mediatization highlighting the role of media in the construction of social reality. In accordance with this approach the question is asked how the Church uses its printed media to construct (reimagine) its religious outlook. In order to answer this question the most important topics, motives and phrases published in issues of the official journal of the Church are identified and grouped into analytical categories. In this way a matrix of distinctive features of an Orthodox outlook is created and analysed. The analysis in this article shows that this outlook mostly consists of references to history and rituals. The other important features include topics such as: religious leaders, myths and heroes. This paper shows that the construction of religious outlook is not influenced by the media narratives of main stream media since the topics such as Brexit and refugee crisis do not appear in the journal.</p>

The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI)‐‐Wiley Digital Archives

The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a scholarly association dedicated to the study of anthropology. It has an extensive collection of archival and manuscript materials on this topic. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has partnered with RAI to create this Wiley Digital Archive collection of their content. Wiley has digitized everything at RAI that they possibly could, save those items that are unavailable for reasons of privacy, copyright, or sensitivity. RAI internal papers and correspondence in the database generally go back to 1967, though some materials are older than that. It offers tens of thousands of manuscripts and photographs, and over one hundred maps.This database provides a number of searching and browsing options that can be used to locate its various documents and images. Although both options can be used effectively and are generally understandable, each has its idiosyncrasies that might confuse or frustrate users. The type, quality, and age of documents and images in this database vary considerably. These include, but are not limited to, notes, papers, and handwritten letters. Some of these can be difficult to read. However, this is not an uncommon problem with primary documents, like those found in this database.Pricing for this database can vary substantially, and depends on FTE and institution type. For certain institutions, with an FTE of 3,000 or less, pricing is relatively economical, while for those with higher FTEs it grows increasingly expensive, and may ultimately prove unaffordable for some.While the quality and quantity of this database’s content is relatively high, it will generally not be useful to students looking for introductory materials on anthropology and related disciplines. Instead, it will be far more valuable to those doing more in-depth research in these areas, including those hoping to augment research already done using other resources. The licensing agreement for this database is in most ways a standard one, but it’s vague on the question of fees, so purchasers should clarify this issue with the vendor before proceeding.

Report of the 113th Annual Meeting of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland.

Report of the 113th Annual Meeting of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland.

Increased Arterial Blood-Pressure Previous to Elective Surgery - How to Proceed?

Guidelines concerning the widespread disease "essential arterial hypertension" have been available for a long time. Recently, the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS) presented a guideline that is focused on the handling of patients suffering arterial hypertension previous to elective surgery. Is there any effort and/or benefit in postponing the operation? Within this guideline we find a concrete statement and recommendation how to deal with this question and how to evaluate the cardiovascular risk regarding this parameter.

Bile ductular reactions in the liver: similarities are only skin deep.

Extensive bile ductular reactions (DRs) accompany many cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) as well as parenchymal liver cell diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and HCV and HBV infections. DRs originate from bile ducts or hepatocytes after damage and can be identified by expression of markers associated with cholangiocytes, often being associated with disease progression and fibrosis. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Govaere et al employed high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomic profiles of DR cells from liver diseases of different aetiology; HCV infection affecting hepatocytes and PSC initially affecting biliary epithelial cells. Both DR transcriptomes were markedly different from that of their neighbouring hepatocytes and 330 genes were significantly differently expressed between the DRs of the HCV and PSC liver diseases. Exploring such gene expression profiles could enable therapeutic targeting of DRs, on the one hand to inhibit liver fibrosis and inflammation and conversely to promote hepatocyte and cholangiocyte regeneration. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Field Guide to the Smaller Moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 3rd edition. Edited by J. R. Langmaid, S. M. Palmer and M. R. Young

A Field Guide to the Smaller Moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 3rd edition. Edited by J. R. Langmaid, S. M. Palmer and M. R. Young

НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ СТАНДАРТИ ТА МОДЕЛІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ У КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

The article analyzes the standards of professional training of specialists in the countries of the European Union. The models and structure of professional future teachers training in France are described. The stages of professional training of specialists, in particular, secondary school teachers in France, are highlighted: a stage of general university training; a stage of professional training combined with theoretical classes; a stage of professional training, which includes didactic training and pedagogical internship; a stage of continuing education that provides opportunities for further training and self-improvement. A description of the standards for teacher training in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is presented. It is noted that the most common model for future teacher training in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the parallel model. The program of the parallel model includes the following sections for the future teacher training: general (basic) courses (compulsory for all applicants of education); psychological and pedagogical cycle of disciplines (studying of these disciplines is supplemented by various types of pedagogical practice); one or two subject courses; professional courses. It is determined the skills that a teacher must possess in accordance with the National Standard of a qualified teacher, in particular, the ability to plan and determine the strategic objectives of training for all class students; the ability to determine the requirements for the student’s learning outcomes; the ability to find the methods and content of the students’ learning activities according to their level; the ability to take into account different cultural, national, ethnic, religious, gender, other characteristics and needs of students; the ability to work in a team; the ability to work with parents; the ability to plan students’ extracurricular activities. It is mentioned that the national standard of a qualified teacher of England and Wales contains of three sections: professional values in the teacher’s activity (Professional Values and Practice); Knowledge and Understanding; Teaching. The main content of the teacher training program in Ireland is considered.