Great Gatsby Research Articles

Multimodal Representations of the American Dream Theme: A Comparative Analysis of The Great Gatsby in Film and Novel

This research analyzes the film adaptation of The Great Gatsby and its written text. It aims to examine the film adaptation through the perspective of multimodal analysis to determine how it expands or contracts the viewersꞌ comprehension of the complex themes and characters from the source material. Another goal is to determine the effect of the use of multimodal elements in the film on viewersꞌ engagement compared to the capacity of text to achieve the same function. According to this research hypothesis, the film adaptation of The Great Gatsby relies heavily on multimodal modes of communication to convey themes, character development, and emotions, influencing its viewers more than the textual descriptions do. Bateman and Schmidt's (2011) model, which includes paradigmatic and syntagmatic analysis, underpins the evaluation of the film. A thematic sample was selected for the multimodality analysis to compare the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald to the film version directed by Baz Luhrmann in 2013, featuring Leonardo DiCaprio and Carey Mulligan. This research finds that the film adaptation presents a distinct interpretation of the American Dream compared to that of the novel. Fitzgerald's work conveys ideas through introspective narration and lush, descriptive language, allowing for a more nuanced and personal understanding of the American Dream.

Denials as Defense Mechanism of Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby (2013) Movie

This research aims to analyse denial as defense mechanism in main character of The Great Gatsby (2013) movie, Jay Gatsby. This research discovered denials as defense mechanism in psychoanalytic in the main character, which based on Sigmund Freud's theory. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method based on the movie’s dialogue and character’s behaviour. The Great Gatsby (2013) movie was the primary data source in this research. This research identifies 3 types of denial as defense mechanism in Jay Gatsby's character. Jay Gatsby shows that his denials were caused of his own ego, that he can’t accept reality he was born in a poor family and his unhealthy obsession towards Daisy Buchanan which their relationship has ended long time ago and now Daisy is already Tom Buchanan’s wife. Keywords: Pyschoanalysis, Defense Mechanism, Denial

The Illusion of Grandeur: Parallels Between the Great Gatsby and We Work’s Rise and Fall

This paper explores the striking parallels between F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and the real-life case of WeWork under CEO Adam Neumann. The analysis demonstrates how literature can provide valuable insights into contemporary business phenomena by examining themes such as illusion versus reality, the pursuit of unattainable dreams, and the eventual collapse of facades. The comparison underscores the timeless relevance of literary narratives in understanding and interpreting real-world scenarios, particularly in the context of business ethics, leadership, and corporate governance.

Dreams and Disillusionment: A Critique of the American Dream in American Fiction

This paper examines the vanity and consequences of the American Dream in four novels: Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, Jack London's The Iron Heel, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath. A socio-political analysis of these authors and their works exposes the hollow nature of the dream. The Jungle is discussed from a racial and economic perspective, highlighting the plight of Jurgis and his Lithuanian family who are disillusioned in their pursuit of success. The Iron Heel is examined politically, showcasing the struggle between the capitalist class and workers. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald presents a social satire, critiquing the death of American ideals sacrificed for materialism. The Grapes of Wrath analyzes the American Dream through the Joad family's migration and exploitation. The study compares the treatment of the American Dream in these novels, referencing texts, socio-economic contexts, and relevant critical works.

The impact of subjective intergenerational mobility on well-being: evidence from China

Although social mobility has been shown to be essential for subjective well-being, empirical evidence on the relationship between subjective intergenerational mobility and well-being in the developing world is relatively limited and needs to be more comprehensive and conclusive. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of subjective intergenerational mobility on the well-being of Chinese residents. Using data from the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey conducted from 2012 to 2016, the results revealed an upward trend in the subjective intergenerational mobility of Chinese residents. Specifically, subjective intergenerational elasticity increased from 0.264 in the 1950s to 0.390 in the 1980s. Subjective intergenerational mobility positively influences well-being. In particular, it exerts an indirect positive effect on the well-being of Chinese residents through the self-evaluation of health and social inequality. This study also proves that the subjective Great Gatsby Curve exists in China. The practical implications of this research are that the human capital of Chinese residents should be improved and that restrictive institutional systems should be discontinued to improve residents’ subjective social status.

Intergenerational poverty persistence in Europe – Is there a ‘Great Gatsby Curve’ for poverty?

While the influence of poverty in childhood on adulthood outcomes has been extensively studied, little is known about how the strength of intergenerational persistence in poverty itself varies across countries. Here we examine the intergenerational persistence of poverty in a comparative analysis of 30 European countries using data from the 2019 ad hoc module of the EU-SILC dataset. We construct proxy measures of poverty in the parental household employing information on the inability to meet basic needs and financial hardship when growing up, together with parental education and occupational social class. The strength of the association between current poverty based on the indicators at the core of the EU’s social inclusion process and these measures of parental poverty is assessed and compared across countries. The cross-country variation in poverty persistence is probed concerning its relationship with the current and past extent of poverty: persistence tends to be stronger where current or parental poverty is higher, analogous to the Great Gatsby Curve relating intergenerational income mobility to income inequality at the country level. Mediation analysis highlights the role of own education as well as occupation in underpinning the observed relationship between current and parental poverty.

The Total Effect of Social Origins on Educational Attainment: Meta-analysis of Sibling Correlations From 18 Countries

The sibling correlation (SC), which estimates the total effect of family background (i.e., social origins), can be interpreted as measuring a society's inequality of opportunity. Its sensitivity to observed and unobserved factors makes the SC an all-encompassing measure and an attractive choice for comparative research. We gather and summarize all available estimates of SCs in educational attainment (M = .46, SD = .09) and employ meta-regression to explore variability in these estimates. First, we find significantly lower SCs in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark than in the United States, with U.S. correlations roughly .10 (i.e., 25%) higher. Most other (primarily European) countries in our study are estimated to fall in between these countries and the United States. Second, we find a novel Great Gatsby Curve–type positive association between income inequality in childhood and the SC, both cross-nationally and within countries over time. This finding supports theoretical accounts of the Great Gatsby Curve that emphasize the role of educational inequality as a link between economic inequality and social immobility. It implies that greater equality of educational opportunity likely requires reduced economic inequality. Additionally, correlations between sisters are modestly higher, on average, than those between brothers or all siblings, and we find no overall differences between cohorts.

James L. W. West on F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Review Article

ABSTRACT: Over a twenty-five-year period, James L. W. West III was the general editor of the Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, an eighteen-volume series that was completed with the Variorum Edition of The Great Gatsby in 2019. His new collection of essays provides important insights into Fitzgerald’s professional writing career, the complexities of scholarly textual editing, and especially the creation and legacy of The Great Gatsby as we approach the 2025 centennial of its original publication.

Gender Stereotype in Tess of The D’urbervilles by Thomas Hardy and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

This study focused on gender stereotypes in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925). The objectives of the study were to: examine the portrayal of masculinity-femininity stereotype; examine the language used in gender stereotype and analyse the impact of traditional gender stereotype on the female characters. The study used the feminist theory to examine gender stereotype in the two male–authored novels to show how they have positioned and portrayed women in their literature in the Victorian period both in England and America The literary analysis was to ascertain whether or not the gender stereotype was a global notion in literature or a misrepresentation of the women not as persons but as sexualized figures. Gender stereotype in these novels was examined using the descriptive research design and data was collected using literary analysis. The findings indicated that both novels portrayed the female gender with discrimination, injustice, dishonesty and exploitatively. This was done with the use of symbolism, imagery, similes and metaphor. The conclusion drawn points to the fact that the quest for a masculine identity is a common theme as male characters are seen struggling to become real men with traits such as: power, strength and robustness whereas female characters were portrayed as sexualized figure used for social status in the male dominated societies. With regard to language stereotype, the male characters employed language to paint negative image in line with the accepted image in the male dominated society. The researchers recommend that detailed and comprehensive studies be conducted in the area of gender and culture and gender and literature in the novel as a genre generally

Consumerism in Modern Times: Necessity and Significance

Consumerism and literature have a complex relationship. Literature often critiques and reflects on consumer culture, revealing its impact on individuals and society. Works like "Fight Club" and "American Psycho" satirize excessive materialism, while "The Great Gatsby" and "The Catcher in the Rye" portray the emptiness of wealth and status. Other authors, like Don DeLillo and Thomas Pynchon, explore the effects of consumerism on human relationships and identity. Literature also explores the commodification of art and culture, as seen in "The Secret Life of Things" and "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao". Additionally, authors like Dave Eggers and George Saunders examine the consequences of consumerism on individuals and society, highlighting issues like inequality and environmental degradation. Through these works, literature provides a platform for critique and reflection, encouraging readers to reevaluate their relationship with consumer culture and its values. By exploring the complexities of consumerism, literature inspires critical thinking and sparks important conversations about the role of material goods in our lives.

Application of Chinese Thinking in English Novel Translation—A Case Study of Wu Ningkun’s Translation of The Great Gatsby

Application of Chinese Thinking in English Novel Translation—A Case Study of Wu Ningkun’s Translation of The Great Gatsby

The academic Great Gatsby Curve.

The Great Gatsby Curve measures the relationship between income inequality and intergenerational income persistence. By using genealogical data of over 245 000 mentor-mentee pairs and their academic publications from 22 different disciplines, this study demonstrates that an academic Great Gatsby Curve exists as well, in the form of a positive correlation between academic impact inequality and the persistence of impact across academic generations. We also provide a detailed breakdown of academic persistence, showing that the correlation between the impact of mentors and that of their mentees has increased over time, indicating an overall decrease in academic intergenerational mobility. We analyse such persistence across a variety of dimensions, including mentorship types, gender and institutional prestige.

Triangulating text relationship in literary retranslation: The Great Gatsby in Chinese

Abstract In the scenario of literary retranslation, the presence of a previous translation necessarily has influence on retranslators. Systemic analyses of relevant features are needed to reveal the potential influence that an earlier translation exerts on a later one and the strategies the latter takes as a response. Starting with the assumption that a distinctive translation can be identified with a set of consistent features, this study examines the relationship between translations with The Great Gatsby and its nine Chinese versions as a case in point, with a novel method of corpus triangulation. For the discovery of the most effective set of distinctive features, a multi-class Support Vector Machine algorithm is applied on twenty-one linguistic features related to vocabulary, grammar, and textuality for the classification of samples from the nine versions. A principal components analysis then follows to verify the multi-dimensionality of a translation and the intertwinement of its features. Finally, further aided with a sentiment analysis, we examine the faithfulness of translations and their distances from each other. Through cross-validation, this study finds: (1) With the shared source text, different translations show a certain, and in some pairs striking, degree of resemblance both in terms of linguistic features and in the sentiment-based narrative plot; (2) the dependency relation between retranslations and earlier ones is usually manifested in measurable linguistic features; (3) linguistic features of a text are normally combined in a complicated manner and features of different categories inextricably intertwined; (4) the trend of proximity proposed by the Retranslation Hypothesis is discernible in the retranslations; and (5) cross-validation between the examination of linguistic features and sentiment analysis proves to be an effective approach for measuring the distance between translations and the closeness of a translation to the original.

Fitzgerald and the Literary Marketplace: Writing for Love and Money

ABSTRACT All eleven essays in Business Is Good: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Professional Writer, by James L. W. West III, contain fascinating, often surprising, material that West encountered in his editing of sixteen of the eighteen volumes in the Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Six of the essays are related to Fitzgerald’s decision to earn his living as a professional author, a choice whose delights and frustrations West brings alive through letters he has found, details he has unearthed, and connections he has made while establishing biographical context for various works he has edited. The five remaining essays more directly address issues related to the actual texts of the works Fitzgerald created—their composition, their revision by Fitzgerald, their marketing, and their final editing for first and subsequent publication. These five essays provide an excellent—and, though perhaps difficult to believe, entertaining—overview of the field of textual editing. They contain an especially useful discussion of editorial principles one might consider when editing a classic novel such as The Great Gatsby that has gone or, like The Sun Also Rises, is soon to go into the public domain.

Representation of Social Class and Economic Inequality in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

This research explores the portrayal of social inequality and how social inequality influence the social interactions and dynamics within each social class as depicted in the novel in F. Scott Fitzgerald's iconic novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). Drawing upon Goldmann’s genetic structuralism approach, the study delves into the socio-historical context of the novel to unravel the underlying structures governing characters' behaviors and narrative themes. The analysis identifies four key aspects of social inequality: 1) the American Dream, 2) economic inequality, 3) class distinction, and 4) gender inequality. Each aspect is shown to play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative and providing insights into the complexities of the social fabric of the time. Furthermore, the research examines how these aspects of social inequality influence social interactions and dynamics within each social class. It is revealed that social inequality not only dictates relationships and hierarchies but also perpetuates a cycle of aspiration, disillusionment, and moral decay. The characters' interactions are marked by a constant struggle for recognition, acceptance, and fulfillment within a system that values wealth and status above all else. Overall, this study is expected to offer a comprehensive analysis of social inequality in Fitzgerlad’s The Great Gatsby (1925), shedding light on its sociocultural significance and its enduring relevance in understanding societal dynamics.

Pathos in Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby

Aristotle, renowned as one of the greatest rhetoricians, expounded on a novel means of persuasion named Pathos. This essay utilizes Pathos to examine Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby, a literary work that vividly portrays the the new prosperity in the Roaring Twenties in America. The goal of this essay is to dissect the interactions of the main characters and explore how Pathos can evoke particular emotions.

Crisis of Humanism, Failure of American Dream, and Quest for Global Harmony in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby

This paper explores the crisis of humanism, the quest for global harmony and honesty, and the failure of the American Dream in Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’. The American dream means prioritizing money, whereas the failure of American dream means becoming unsuccessful in making money, and inhumanity has increased. It is Jay Gatsby whose financial condition was alarming, but because of his excellent earnings, his present life has become prosperous. The society regards him as a person of high status. None investigates his past life. Therefore, the study prioritizes global harmony, humanity, and honesty rather than money. There are nominal research works on this site. Because of money and a money-minded mentality, human relations have deteriorated. Modern man, like Gatsby, just accounts for the money. He has a mindset of no benefit of being honest and humane. The loss and profit game has mechanicalized modern life. It has become too much calculative. One man does not contact another man, as the ozone layer has depleted his friendship environment. The study’s findings show that the more dishonest and inhumane you become, the more benefits you get. The new generation after two great wars is a kind of lost generation. So, this research sheds light on how to amend the humanitarian ground. The study analyzes the novel using Gertrude Stein’s lost generation theory and explanatory methods. The research focuses on why modern men have become over-money-minded. Why have harmony, honesty, and humanity been in crisis?

Alterity and Tragicality in Shakespeare and Fitzgerald

Abstract This article attempts to trace the themes of alterity and tragicality in Shakespeare's Macbeth and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. We offer a parallel study of the two works with an emphasis on the (anti)heroes’ struggles with time and the other human as metaphors of ‘alterity’. We present a thematic reading and argue that as Macbeth is preoccupied with his imaginatively fabricated future (time) and tries to execute anyone (the other) who jeopardises the totality of that ideal space, Gatsby is also preoccupied with his past (time) and tries to retrieve Daisy (the other). Tragedy, we discuss, is basically the ultimate result of these struggles. We suggest that Fitzgerald's work generally shares the similar theme of alterity with Shakespeare's Macbeth and somehow modernises the similar tragicality we witness in the latter.

Music and Dance in The Great Gatsby

Music and Dance in The Great Gatsby

“Spectral Gateways” and the “Horror of the City Road”: A Surreal Connection between The Great Gatsby and The Rainbow

“Spectral Gateways” and the “Horror of the City Road”: A Surreal Connection between The Great Gatsby and The Rainbow