Grey Pottery Research Articles

성주 백전ㆍ예산리 유적 와질토기의 등장과 의의

This study examines the emergency and significance of Grey pottery in Baekjeon Yesan-ri remains, Seongju. The research findings show that Grey pottery in Baekjeon Yesan-ri remains, Seongju, emerged between the end of the 2nd century B.C. (PeriodⅠ-1) and the beginning of the 1st century B.C., and continued until the middle of the 2nd century (PeriodⅡ-1). The date of earthenware excavated from the 3rd tomb of wooden coffins in Baekjeon Yesan-ri, Seongju was thought to be the 2nd century B.C. based on the fact that Clay band pottery and pouch-shaped pottery with clay band were found along with them at remains of Hagu-ri and Bukto-ri, Gyeongju, as well as Paldal-dong, Daegu, and also in reference to the period of Clay band pottery excavated from the first tomb of wooden coffins in Gyodong-ri, Ulsan. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the presumed period of the Pottery with stamped design that had been entered to the basin of Nakdong River up to the 2nd century B.C. Over Daegu region adjacent to remains of Baekjeon Yesan-ri, Seongju, with Nakdong River as the boundary, remains are scattered at Paldal-dong, Hakjeong-dong, Seobyeon-dong, Sinseo-dong, etc. The groups in Baekjeon Yesan-ri, Seongju, and in Paldal-dong, Daegu, maintained the equal status in the early stage of Grey pottery, but in the latter period of Grey pottery, the spread of the group in Paldal- dong, Daegu, was likely to be accelerated. Specifically, in the 1st century B.C., the burial earthenware and metalware composition of the wooden coffin tombs excavated from No. 1, 3, and 31 of Baekjeon Yesan-ri, Seongju, were similar to that of No. 45, 94 of Paldal-dong, Daegu. In Seongju region, there were no known remains of the Proto-three Kingdom Age which connected the Bronze Age and the age of the Three Kingdoms until the archaeological evidence of the Proto-three Kingdom Age was found in remains of Baekjeon Yesan-ri, Seongju. It is expected, therefore, that there will be a comprehensive discussion on Seongju in its stage that small political states formed.

Archaic Greek Pottery of Aeolian Inspiration Made in Huelva, Spain

Greeks settled in the ancient emporium of Huelva manufactured Archaic gray pottery inspired by Aeolian prototypes.Results of Neutron Activation Analysis showed that seven out of 11 specimens analyzed had a chemical composition similar to the loamy clay from local deposits traditionally used in pottery. This gray pottery must have found a good acceptance not only among the resident Greeks, but also among the non-Greek population long before familiarized with the so called “orientalizing gray pottery”, whose coloration and production by reduction firing are similar to the Aeolian one. In the same settlement, two other groups of Archaic Greek pottery manufactured in situ had already been identified: one of them characterized by a yellowish-green paste and the other one, conventionally named “Group H”, decorated with red slips comparable to the Phoenician ceramics.

삼각형점토대토기의 등장과 소멸, 무문토기의 종말

Triangular clay-stripe pottery is the last type of plain-pattern. In the Yeongnam region, it appeared at the end third century~middle second century B.C. Triangular clay stripes themselves were made in the process of pressing round ones to solidify the adherence of clay bands. Many different elements made complex appearances in the pottery that accompanied triangular clay-stripe pottery, the emergence of whose culture was related to the spread of the iron culture in the Yeongnam region. Pottery at the stage of triangular clay-stripe pottery became diverse in terms of type and size, which meant that the methods of occupation and cooking also became diverse based on the increased productive capacity. The increase of surplus products became the background of founding a “Kuk(國)”, and this social background was manifested in the diversification of pottery in type and size. In the first century B.C., grey pottery appeared and was buried in tombs. Triangular clay-stripe pottery was buried in tombs at the Daho-ri relic until the first century A.D. It was used at the living relics in the downstream section of the Nakdong River until the second century A.D. and replaced with reddish brown soft pottery. It meant that plain-pattern pottery was replaced with reddish brown soft pottery. The beginning of triangular clay-stripe pottery meant the beginning of the full-blown iron culture. Its end meant the end of plain-pattern pottery, which signified the end of the traditional production system that was home-based and non-full time. The end of triangular clay-stripe pottery and the appearance of soft pottery meant that even life pottery was made in the new ceramic art involving a pottery wheel and the beating technique. It means the end of an old era and the opening of a new era.

A New Lot of Greek Amphoric Stamps from Medgidia Elenistic 1 site, Constanța County

The preventive archaeological research carried out on the Medgidia Elenistic 1 site, by MINA Constanța, which took place between November 2022 and July 2023, brought to light a rich and beautiful ceramic material of all kinds, from Getic and Scythian hand modeled pottery by – to luxury black-glazed Greek vessels, gray pottery and, of course, a rich batch of Greek amphorae and their fragments. In general terms, the discovered material falls chronologically between the IV and III BC.Among the amphoric material, the majority on the site, a special place is occupied by the amphoric stamps (67), coming from 6 Greek producing centers, both Mediterranean – Thasos, Cnidos, Rhodes, and from the Pontic ones – Heraclea, Sinope, Chersones. Among the stamps from Medgidia, some specimens of unknown centers were also noticed, some present for the first time in the W-NW area of ​​the Black Sea, as well as, we believe, a new Sinopean producer. Most of the stamps belong to the Sinopean amphoric production – 34, which represents 60% of the total of this lot.From a chronological point of view, the batch of stamps discovered on the Medgidia Elenistic 1 site falls between the first half of the century 4th and mid-century 3rd century Chr.

Experimental Archaeology; Investigating and Reconstructing Gray Pottery Firing Techniques During the Third Millennium B.C. Until the First B.C. in the Eastern Regions of Central Zagros

Experimental Archaeology; Investigating and Reconstructing Gray Pottery Firing Techniques During the Third Millennium B.C. Until the First B.C. in the Eastern Regions of Central Zagros

Dark-glossed gray clay pottery from the Polyanka settlement in the Eastern Crimea

Dark-glossed gray clay pottery from the Polyanka settlement in the Eastern Crimea

Beyond pottery kilns

There are 48 settlements containing the remains of pottery workshops from the area of the ​​Przeworsk Culture. It was here, from the end of the second to the third quarter of the fifth century AD, that the wheel-made grey pottery was produced. As many as 13 of these sites were discovered in the Vistula valley, east of Krakow, in a settlement zone characterized by well-developed agriculture and non-agricultural production. The most important is the settlement in Zofipole, which provided the most valuable archaeological sources for the discussed topic. This article attempts to explain the reasons for placing, in the chambers of pottery kilns, items that are agricultural tools or artifacts associated with bronze workshops. Intentionally buried objects are a material illustration of the perception of fire as a powerful transformational force, both in the physical and symbolic aspect. They also reveal unspecified forms of cooperation between farmers and craftsmen, and the latter with each other, including potters and bronze workers.

Archaeometric study on the ceramic production of the Roman Time potters’ quarter of via Montona in Padua, Italy: From the reference groups to the regional distribution of coarse and fine ware

The archaeometric investigation on the locally produced coarse and fine ware from the potters’ quarter of via Montona (Padua, north-eastern Italy), where the four main production phases date from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD, allowed to define the petrographic and chemical reference groups for these productions. Coarse ware was produced according to two recipes, a biomicrite-rich paste during production phases 1 and 2, and a trachyte-rich paste during production phase 4, revealing correspondences between changes in both the stylistic features of pottery and production technology. As for the fine ware, the compositional similarity of the fine wares (grey pottery and red slip ware) suggests the use of similar clay materials with various degrees of levigation. Comparison with pottery from other settlements in the Veneto region indicates that the production of fine ware in via Montona was mainly intended for the local market, rather than for regional distribution.

To the vicinity and beyond! Production, distribution and trade of cooking greywares in medieval Catalonia, Spain

Utilitarian greyware ceramics are one of the most abundant artefacts at rural sites in Medieval Catalonia, Spain, and were manufactured by numerous long-lived production centres. The stylistic homogeneity of this class of pottery has traditionally restricted its contribution to the archaeological interpretation of the region. However, recent scientific analyses of excavated kiln sites are offering new perspectives via the establishment of compositional reference groups for greyware ceramics. Using one such dataset, from the large workshop of Cabrera d’Anoia, this paper examines the distribution and consumption of utilitarian grey pottery at 25 Medieval sites across Catalonia. The study reveals a pattern of several regional production centres distributing their goods to small villages within the surrounding countryside and, in some cases, competing for rural markets. This is interpreted in terms of the mechanisms by which greyware pottery was distributed, as well as the socio-political and religious influences on its supply and demand in Medieval Catalonia.

Efflorescence on excavated pottery from the Han tomb in Dongnan Town, Shaanxi, China

This poster presents the typical salt efflorescence on the glazed and grey pottery (Fig. 1) excavated from the Han tomb in the Banqiao Ditch and Hegou Erdui in Dongnan Town, Baoji, Shaanxi, China. The composition, crystalline structure, firing temperature, physical properties, micromorphology, and salt content in these pottery types, with and without salt efflorescence, were compared to investigate the interaction between the clay bodies and their glazing. Environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, and hydrogeological conditions at the excavation site were analysed by a multivariate statistical method . It was found that 2‒5% soluble salts contained in the potteries such as Cl, NO3 , Na, and Ca were the main components of the efflorescence. The source of these soluble salts was mainly from the hydrogeological burial environment. Study of the phase equilibrium of the soluble salts Cl, NO3 , Na, and Ca and the kinetics of crystallisation of soluble salts interaction with laser diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis allowed the effect of soluble salts on the efflorescence from different pottery bodies to be studied quantitatively on the microscopic scale. The crystallisation stress and the expansion coefficient between the glaze and the pottery body caused by soluble salts were studied. The interaction between the soluble 本文以陝西寶雞東南鎮板橋溝和河溝二隊漢墓出土

The excavation of the pottery workshop site at Liujiazhuang Locus North of Yinxu in Anyang City, Henan

AbstractIn 2008 and 2010, the Anyang Archaeological Team of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences recovered 24 pottery kilns of the Shang Dynasty on the sidewalks of Angang Boulevard and Fanglin Street. The structures of these pottery kilns were basically the same. They were all composed of an upper part and a lower part; the upper part consisted of the roof, stacking chamber and flue; the lower part consisted of the fuel entrance, firebox, fire tunnels, kiln columns, firebox roof and fire holes. Some kilns had operation pits in their front. Pottery-making tools such as pottery paddles and anvils were unearthed from this workshop site; the products were mainly fine clay gray pottery wares, most of which were food containers, including

The black pottery coating of longshan times from taosi site

Taosi is an archaeological site in Xiangfen county, Shanxi province. It is considered as a capital city site with the rudiment of an early country in Longshan Times. In this work, the black pottery coating was found on the surface of black and grey pottery of Longshan times and confirmed by scientific studies for the first time. It filled in the blank of pottery coating study in this time period at the Yellow River Valley, as well as supplied a new study method of “black skin pottery” besides the carburization craft. In addition, according to the archaeological materials, we inferred that the wares with this pottery coating might be only used by the nobility at that time.

The Origins of Olmec Civilization

In their Research Article “Olmec pottery production and export in ancient Mexico determined through elemental analysis” (18 Feb., p. [1068][1]), J. P. Blomster et al. report that “all nonlocally produced Olmec-style gray pottery samples found outside the Gulf Coast” and all Conejo Orange-on-

Second Iron Age grey pottery from Este (northeastern Italy): study of provenance and technology

Second Iron Age grey pottery from the town of Este (Veneto region, northeastern Italy) was studied, and the results on possible provenance area and technological features are reported here. A multianalytical approach was adopted; microstructural, petrographic, and geochemical features were determined by optical and electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Chemical data were elaborated statistically using both conventional methods and Non-Parametric Combination tests (NPC Test©). Results were compared with previous data for the grey pottery from the town of Padova. The grey pottery from Este turned out to be probably produced locally, although some samples are very similar to those of the repertoire of Padova, suggesting marketing of pottery between these two towns during the Second Iron Age. As regard production technology, some firing experiments were carried out on clay materials with compositions comparable with those of potsherds, which resulted to be fired in reducing and/or partial reducing conditions at temperatures between 700 and 950 °C. The low variability in microstructural features and firing conditions suggest well-controlled and standardised technology, perhaps indicating the existence of a single workshop in Este for the production of this type of pottery.

The Konya region in the Iron Age and its relations with Cilicia

Located in the central region of the Anatolian mainland, Konya has played an important role in east-west and north-south cultural interactions since prehistoric times. In order to investigate the cultural geography of this region from prehistoric times to the Classical period surveys and museum work have been carried out since 1987 (Bahar 1991; Bahar et al 1996). In the course of this work some observations have been made on the Iron Age, which is a problematic subject for the central Anatolian region as well as for Anatolia as a whole. During the Iron Age the grey pottery known as Phrygian ware occurs over a wide region from the basin of the Meander in the west into central Anatolia (Mellaart 1955: 117; Dupré 1983: 82; Summers 1994: 241-52). We have previously suggested that this ware should be renamed ‘inner-west Anatolian ware’ or ‘Luwian ware’ (Bahar et al 1996: 65-7). It is significant that this pottery is encountered especially around Sarayönü and Kadınhanı where Luwian peoples were intensively settled in the second millennium BC.

Fouilles archéologiques du métro de Lille, III. La céramique de la Grand'Place de Roubaix.

Archaeological Survey of the Lille Underground. III. The Pottery Findings of the Grand'Place in Roubaix. The excavations carried out in the Grand'Place in Roubaix have delivered scarce and very fragmented pottery findings. The 1,500 fragments studied can be grouped in three main phases. The first stretches between the XIth and the XIIIth centuries. It is characterized by a grey pottery, with numerous "bandeau" necks and toothed-wheel patterns. One can note too a fragment akin to the Andenne productions. The following period covers the XIVth and the XVth centuries. It is represented by common forms like jugs, cooking pots and "teles", essentially in grey paste. The third phase spreads over the XVIth to XIXth centuries. Its productions are typical : stoneware imported from Rhineland or Wallonie, horn-decorated terra-cottas and decorated crokery. Given the absence of a definitive datation, this series was dated in comparison with the regional examples.

La cerámica gris a torno del yacimiento orientalizante de Montemolín (Sevilla)

This paper studies the Grey Wheel-Made Pottery from the excavated graves at the Montemolin Settlement. This Orientalizing Pottery gives us the possibility of analizing the extent to which the site is related to the Phoenicians settled in the South of the peninsula, during the VII and VI centuries b.C.

A Mössbauer study of an ancient pottery figure (Western-Han dynasty)

The grey pottery figure manufactured in the Western-Han Dynasty (175-118 B.C.) and the clay gathered from the same site of Beidongshan in Xuzhou have been studied by X-ray Diffraction(XRD). X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Mossbauer spectroscopy. They were simultaneously fired under the same conditions in different atmospheres at various temperature up to 1100°C. This study deals with the original firing atmosphere, original firing temperature and its provenance. The information mentioned above can be inferred from the method of the refiring pottery and the firing clay. The results of the original firing temperature deduced from both of them are in goodself agreement. It is found that the values of the Mossbauer parameters for the unrefired pottery figure are approximately the same as those for the clay fired at 950°C for five hours in a reduced atmosphere. The XRF analysis confirmed the locality of this pottery figure.

Chemical and mineralogical characterization of a Cretaceous clay from the Lousã Basin (Central Portugal)

AbstractSamples of two lenticular clay bodies from a Cretaceous deposit near Padrão (Lousã basin) were characterized by INAA, XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy. This clay is believed to be the raw material used to manufacture the Iron Age and Roman fine grey pottery from Conímbriga. The differences observed in the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the clay samples and of different size fractions are consistent with the high variance found in the compositional group corresponding to that archaeological site.

A late neolithic foundation offering from Thessaly

The excavation at Platia Magoula Zarkou, a prehistoric settlement in Thessaly, 30 km west of Larisa, was undertaken to clarify the problem of the exact chronological and stratigraphic position of the black burnished pottery, characteristic of the Larisa culture, which has hitherto been accepted as dating to the end of the Late Neolithic. The author became involved with this problem when he found black pottery together with grey pottery of the Tsangli phase, of the beginning of the Late Neolithic, at the neolithic cremation cemetery of Platia Magoula Zarkou (Gallis, 1982, 109-11 ; English summary, 234). The problem of the exact stratigraphic position of this black ware has now been solved. The dating of the Larisa culture to the beginning of the Late Neolithic (to the Tsangli phase) has now been confirmed by this excavation, as well as another similar excavation at the prehistoric settlement of Makrychori 2, 13km north of Larisa. A report of the results of these two excavations is forthcoming in Praehistorische Zeitschrift.