Grey Evaluation Research Articles

Research on the Establishment and Application of a Transportation Safety Supervision Evaluation System Based on Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process

Given the increasing complexity of transportation systems and the critical need for effective safety oversight, this study aims to evaluate and improve the transportation safety supervision (TSS) system in Henan Province, China. Based on questionnaire data from relevant units in Henan Province, China, a three-level index system of the effectiveness of TSS consisting of 4 criterion-level indicators and 25 factory-level indicators is established. By combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey system theory, a hierarchical grey evaluation model is constructed to evaluate the current situation of TSS in Henan Province. The results show that the evaluation index system and the weights of each index are reliable. The comprehensive evaluation value of the TSS system in Henan Province is 3.08, indicating that the effectiveness of the system is at level 2; thus, the current situation of TSS in Henan Province is good. Based on the calculated evaluation values of the first- and second-level indicators, suggestions are put forward to strengthen the management of the TSS by supervision units at all levels.

Highway Microgrid Project Evaluation under Energy Transportation Integration

The construction of highway microgrids is evolving into a new highway energy system that integrates “Source-Network-Load-Storage”. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of expressway microgrids from the perspective of transportation and energy integration. An index model is set up that considers the economy, technology, and environment. The grey evaluation method, on the strength of analytic hierarchy process–entropy weight method, shows that the integrated microgrid of “source-network-load-storage” promotes energy sustainability, supply reliability, and sustainable environmental development. When compared to different evaluation methods for microgrid planning schemes, our method yields the highest score of 0.9127, indicating superior results. This approach is suitable for the multicomponent evaluation system of expressway microgrids and allows for scientifically evaluating microgrid planning schemes.

Grey comprehensive evaluation of development performance of provinces in China based on spatiotemporal probability function and variable weight strategy

In the new stage of promoting high-quality economic development, the effect of the transformation of development momentum and the ability of sustainable development has become the key factors for the competitiveness of provinces in China. Especially in the context of the impact of COVID-19 and the obstacles of world trade protectionism, the sustainability of development performance is increasingly important. In the past, when evaluating the development performance of various provinces in China, a single index weight was usually used. In view of evaluation criteria, the lack of consideration of regional differentiation factors would result in the evaluation results deviating from reality. This paper introduces the entropy weight method to determine the weight of regional indicators of differentiated development. Based on the space-time probability function, a grey clustering evaluation model of regional development performance is constructed to conduct a comprehensive grey evaluation of the development performance of various provinces in China from 2009 to 2019. It is found that the new evaluation model can correct the deficiencies of similar probability functions and single index weight and obtain more accurate evaluation results. It’s found that the development performance evaluation results of each province are always in a dynamic adjustment process, which needs to be verified with the help of subsequent expansion analysis.

Quantitative Analysis and Modeling of Student Innovation Capability in Higher Education Management in an Innovative and Entrepreneurial Environment

Abstract Colleges and universities often focus on cultivating talent, a practice that directly contributes to the lack of creativity among their students. In light of this, this paper aims to promote education reform and enhance students’ capacity for innovation. This paper constructs the evaluation index system and model of innovation ability of students in colleges and universities to promote the cultivation of innovative talents. Based on the AHP model to determine the index weight of each evaluation factor, with the help of gray correlation to analyze the relationship of each evaluation index, the decision matrix is established, and the gray comprehensive judgment model is constructed. We establish the evaluation sample matrix by using the whitened weight function to determine the evaluation gray class. We then calculate the gray evaluation coefficients, weight vectors, and weight matrices to arrive at a comprehensive evaluation of innovative ability. This paper employs the Hebei University of Technology in China as its research site and applies its methodology to evaluate the innovation capacity of its students. The comprehensive evaluation value of the students’ innovative abilities is only 6.67, placing them at the medium level. The maximum relative error between the evaluation mean value of each specific index at the index level and the expert evaluation result is 1.84%. In terms of the satisfaction of the evaluation method, the satisfaction mean value of this paper’s method exceeds that of the expert evaluation method in the dimensions of the evaluation concept, the evaluation subject, the evaluation method, the evaluation indexes, the evaluation procedure, and the application of the evaluation result, which are respectively 0.14, 1.25, 1.43, 0.7, 1.45, and 0.49.

A study of investment decision behavior based on risk analysis

Abstract Risk analysis of investment decision-making behavior is to improve the ability to prevent investment risks in order to guarantee the success rate of investment decisions. In this paper, the risk evaluation level is determined by calculating the correlation degree of risk indicators through the establishment of the material topology matrix, and the gray evaluation coefficients are determined by using the gray correlation analysis of the whitening weight function to construct the gray evaluation model. The risk index factors and the overall gray evaluation were analyzed by using the material topology model and the gray evaluation model. From the physical topology evaluation, the market risk correlation is −0.00825, which means the special level risk. From the grey comprehensive evaluation score, the overall evaluation score is 6.884 overall risk level is medium grade line. This shows that using the model constructed in this paper can effectively realize the risk analysis of investment decisions and provide a guidance basis for investors to take effective measures for different types of risks.

A Novel Method of Teaching Quality Monitoring and Evaluation from the Perspective of Educational Balance

Exploring the problem of teaching quality monitoring and evaluation from the perspective of educational balance can help educators and policy makers discover educational inequality problems, thereby promoting fair allocation of educational resources and opportunities. In light of this, this study attempts to research teaching quality monitoring and evaluation from the perspective of educational balance. At first, the mechanism of promoting educational balance by information technology was expounded, and the principle and necessity of a comprehensive assessment based on the evaluation results of different evaluators were explained. Then, this study innovatively introduced the whitening weight function (WWF)-grey evaluation model into the conventional grey clustering evaluation, calculated the unit comprehensive clustering coefficients of the indexes of teaching quality evaluation from the perspective of educational balance, and gave fair, accurate, and effective evaluations. After that, the grey GM (1,1) model was applied to the prediction of teaching quality improvement effect, the future trend of teaching quality changes was predicted based on history data, and the results provided references for teaching reform and educational decision-making. At last, experimental results verified the validity of the proposed method.

Evaluation analysis and promotion paths of regional green innovation vitality in China

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to construct a grey entropy comprehensive evaluation model to measure the regional green innovation vitality (GIV) of 31 provinces in China.Design/methodology/approachThe traditional grey relational proximity and grey relational similarity degree are integrated into the novel comprehensive grey evaluation framework. The evaluation system of regional green innovation vitality is constructed from three dimensions: economic development vitality, innovative transformation power and environmental protection efficacy. The weights of each indicator are obtained by the entropy weight method. The GIV of 31 provinces in China is measured based on provincial panel data from 2016 to 2020. The ward clustering and K-nearest-neighbor (KNN) algorithms are utilized to explore the regional green innovation discrepancies and promotion paths.FindingsThe novel grey evaluation method exhibits stronger ability to capture intrinsic patterns compared with two separate traditional grey relational models. Green innovation vitality shows obvious regional discrepancies. The Matthew effect of China's regional GIV is obvious, showing a basic trend of strong in the eastern but weak in the western areas. The comprehensive innovation vitality of economically developed provinces exhibits steady increasing trend year by year, while the innovation vitality of less developed regions shows an overall steady state of no fluctuation.Practical implicationsThe grey entropy comprehensive relational model in this study is applied for the measurement and evaluation of regional GIV, which improves the one-sidedness of traditional grey relational analysis on the proximity or similarity among sequences. In addition, a three-dimensional evaluation system of regional GIV is constructed, which provides the practical guidance for the research of regional development strategic planning as well as promotion paths.Originality/valueA comprehensive grey entropy relational model based on traditional grey incidence analysis (GIA) in terms of proximity and similarity is proposed. The three-dimensional evaluation system of China's regional GIV is constructed, which provides a new research perspective for regional innovation evaluation and expands the application scope of grey system theory.

Coal Mine Fire Emergency Rescue Capability Assessment and Emergency Disposal Research

Nowadays, underground coal mine accidents occur frequently, causing huge casualties and economic losses, most of which are gas explosion accidents caused by fires. In order to improve the emergency rescue capability of coal mine fires and reduce the losses caused by coal mine fires, this article is dedicated to the assessment of coal mine fire rescue capability. Taking the fire emergency rescue system of Lugou mine as an example, based on the introduction of gray system theory and gray evaluation method, an evaluation model was established to assess the risk of the fire emergency rescue index system of Lugou mine. Four primary and 19 secondary indicators were delineated, and a hierarchical structure model of the fire emergency rescue capability of the Lugou mine was established by combining expert opinions, and the weights of indicators at all levels were calculated by using hierarchical analysis. We then used the gray system evaluation method and expert scoring to judge the safety level of various indicator factors in the index system. The evaluation results show that the risk level of the emergency rescue system of the Lugou mine fire is higher than the fourth level. The main risk indicator factors are firefighting equipment, decision-making command, emergency education and training, and fire accident alarm. In response to this evaluation result, corresponding control measures were formulated in four aspects: rescue organization guarantee, personnel guarantee, material guarantee, and information guarantee, which optimally improved the emergency rescue capability of the Lugou mine fire and reduced the loss caused by fire.

Some properties of generalized greyness of interval grey number

PurposeIn order to make full use of the generalized greyness of interval grey number, this paper analyzes the properties and its applications of generalized greyness.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the static properties of generalized greyness in bounded background domain, infinite background domain and infinitesimal background domain are analyzed. Then, this paper gives the dynamic properties of generalized greyness in bounded background domain, infinite background domain and infinitesimal background domain and explains the dialectical principle contained in it. Finally, the generalized greyness is used to judge the effectiveness of interval grey number transformation.FindingsThe results show that the generalized greyness of interval grey number has relativity, normativity, unity, eternity and conservation. The static and dynamic properties of generalized greyness are the same in the infinite and infinitesimal background domain, while they are different in the bounded background domain. The generalized greyness can be used as an index to judge whether the grey number transformation is greyness or information preservation.Practical implicationsThe research shows that the generalized greyness can be used as an index to judge the validity of the grey number transformation and also can be applied in grey evaluation, grey decision-making and grey prediction and so on.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realizing the mathematical principle of “white is black”, the “greyness clock-slow effect” of the value domain of interval grey number and the generalized greyness conservation principle, which provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of generalized greyness of interval grey number.

A grey comprehensive evaluation model for wheat quality incorporating PCA-EWM

The objective and accurate evaluation of wheat quality is the key to ensuring the safety of wheat storage. Due to the complexity and variability of wheat quality, traditional methods, such as the evaluation of single physical and chemical index, have the problems of insufficient information and poor differentiation of fuzzy intervals. Based on grey systems theory, this paper proposes a new comprehensive wheat quality grading model. Firstly, eight physical and chemical indices are selected as the factor set of the evaluation model, and the key quality indices are analyzed and screened by principal component analysis (PCA). The entropy weight method (EWM) is then used to measure the importance of the contribution of selected indices to wheat quality information. Finally, the grey evaluation model is then used to determine the grey correlation of the evaluation levels of different batches of wheat, and to rank the superiority and inferiority. The model is applied to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of wheat samples, verifying the feasibility and validity of the model and providing some theoretical guidance for the evaluation of wheat quality.

Data Quality Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power Station based on Entropy Weight Method and Grey Comprehensive Evaluation Method

The increasing necessity of renewable energy utilization has fueled the successful development of photovoltaic power generation technology. Distributed photovoltaic power stations have been rapidly promoted because of their small installed capacity and low initial investment costs. Scientific and comprehensive data evaluation of distributed PV is conducive to improving the operational efficiency of the power station. An index evaluation system is constructed for distributed power station data in each province. The entropy weighting method is used to determine the weights of different dimensions. Then, the data quality evaluation level is contrasted with the help of the gray evaluation method. Simulations of the proposed method were conducted. Finally, the results showed that the data of the tested distributed PV were at an excellent level, which verified the applicability of the method. In addition, the causes of data quality deficiencies are preliminarily explored.

Ease of Doing Business: Performance Comparison of G20 Countries Using Gray MCDM

The ubiquity of data, and in particular in MCDM situations, makes it challenging for the Decision Makers (DM) to figure out a way of making proper use of data. This paper presents a three-stage decision framework for DMs to consider the performance range of alternatives holistically. The framework consists of (i) data preparation, (ii) two distance-based Gray Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM-G) methods using gray interval data to rank the alternatives and (iii) a decision analysis template. For comparison, gray Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and gray Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) methods that rely on arithmetic and geometric mean respectively are used to generate the ranks. The mean-based ranking methods produce stable and efficient ranks in comparison to extremum-based comparison methods, due to their innate nature. The correlation of ranks is analyzed to conclude that the stability of ranks is better when gray interval data is considered. As an example, this paper considers performance range of the 10 criteria used in computing Ease of Doing Business (EDB) index as the gray interval. The sample performance of the G20 countries during the period 2004 to 2020 was used to illustrate the calculations. Further, a general analytic template based on the rank deviation on account of differences in upper and lower bounds of performance helped in classifying the economies as stable leaders, predictable middle and volatile followers. The paper contributes a suitable MCDM and analysis approach when the DM is presented with a gray interval as the alternatives’ performance.

Grey system theory in sustainable development research—a literature review (2011−2021)

PurposeAs the grey systems theory has been widely used in the field of sustainable development (SD) research, in the following, a short literature overview will be put forward, starting from the usage of these theories in the economic development, social inclusion and environmental protection contributions to the evolving process of SD during 2011–2021. The purpose of this paper is to identify some key studies from all the SD areas in which the grey systems can be used in order to open and to bring the researchers to new domains in which they can reveal their interest and in which they can successfully use the methods offered by the grey systems theory.Design/methodology/approachUsing the search engine offered by the Google Scholar and the Web of Science (WoS), a literature review has been performed for the grey systems applications on SD research on both grey relational analysis (GRA) and grey forecasting. In addition, some grey evaluation theories – clustering evaluation models and grey target decision models – have also been presented.FindingsMany grey models are widely used in the field of SD. Compared with other methods such as grey prediction, grey evaluation and decision-making model, GRA technology is the most used method, and the research using this method is more than three times that of all other methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe present paper identifies some of the most representative examples in which the grey system theory (GST) has been used, but, in the same time, there are a lot of studies that have not been mentioned here due to the lack of space.Originality/valueThe present paper focuses on the SD applications in which GST has been successfully used, bringing to the reader a general overview on this field and, in the same time, enables new research perspectives.

Study on model selection and evaluation method of weapon system based on ISM and GAHP

Model selection & evaluation is the key focus and urgent problems to solve in comprehensive argumentation and conceptual design of weapon system, and has great significance for the weapon system to realize function demand, hierarchy management, and decision optimization. Aimed at model selection & evaluation of weapon system, the model selection & evaluation method based on interpretation structure model (ISM) and gray analytic hierarchy process (GAHP) is designed, hierarchical relationship between structure and performance of weapon system is qualitatively described through setting up directed-graph of system structure, and overall evaluation value of design plan is quantitatively represented by determining influence weight between the elements of system and the gray evaluation vector. Combined with evaluation execution procedure, the mathematical model is given, and taking an airborne weapon system as example, Matlab program is compiled, the best plan among the three is selected, and the theoretical basis is provided. Model selection evaluation method of weapon system based on ISM & GAHP has solved the problem from qualitative demand to quantitative decision-making, and with guiding significance for the model selection evaluation of weapon system.

A New Grey Target Evaluation Method of Science and Technology Talents Considering ‘Dominant-Implicit’ Reference Points

This paper studies the grey target evaluation model of science and technology talents by drawing on the ‘dominant-implicit’ double reference point. Input and output perspectives are adopted and developed to establish a dominant reference point for the evaluation of science and technology talents, which takes into account the ‘Peer-Status quo’ and ‘Baseline-History’, as well as an implicit reference point, such as the ‘Expectation-Opportunity’ and ‘Goal-Preference’. The framework of the grey target evaluation model for science and technology talents is then constructed and given a dual reference (dominant–implicit). The spherical grey target on the maximum, minimum and arithmetic mean values of the target effect measure values of each reference point is established to determine the reference point weight under the input and output indicators. This research will contribute to the comprehensive effect measure value and the ranking of results that relate to science and technology talents and will demonstrate that its applied method is feasible.

Variable Weight-Projection Gray Target Evaluation Model of Degree of Protection of Protective Layer Mining

In order to quantitatively evaluate the degree of protection in protective layer mining and provide guidance for the design of a secondary outburst elimination scheme, a variable weight-projection gray target dynamic evaluation model for the effectiveness of protective layer mining is established. The improved order relation analysis method was used to determine the subjective weight of each index toward the decision-making goal based on numerical diversity characteristics, and the initial fixed-weight calculation for mixed multi-attribute metrics was processed through the degree of index action. The variable weight function was used to dynamically adjust the fixed weight through the penalty and incentive index methods. Four indexes (gas content, gas pressure, coal seam permeability coefficient, and expansion deformation) were selected, the outburst elimination and anti-reflection were taken as the guide, and the critical value of each index for eliminating burst and the critical value of pressure relief were taken as the positive and negative bullseyes. Based on the variable weight-projection gray target decision model, the distance between the two target centers of each scheme was calculated; at the same time, the variable weight vector changed dynamically with the evaluation scheme to achieve the dynamic quantitative evaluation of the degree of protection. Additionally, compared with the calculation results of fixed weights, it was found that the variable weight-projection bullseye distance can more accurately reflect the dynamic control effect of differences in numerical combinations of multi-attribute indexes in different decision schemes based on the degree of protection of protective layer mining. Taking a mine in PingMei as the engineering background, Ding protected the Wu area, and the degree of protection in the Wu group coal seam reached 116.29%, eliminating the outburst risk of the coal seam. The Wu protected the Ji group coal seam, with the degree of outburst risk in the Ji group being reduced by 14.27, and the Ding + Wu group protected the Ji group coal seam, with the degree of outburst risk of the Ji group being reduced by 20.71%, but not eliminated. The evaluation model quantifies the degree of protection of protective layer mining, and provides a theoretical basis for further assessing whether the working face should strengthen the enhancing permeability or whether it needs to be used in tandem with high-strength outburst elimination methods.

A three-stage grey evaluation method for assessing the performance of interdisciplinary organizations

PurposeThis study constructs a three-stage evaluation model for interdisciplinary organizations to solve their ranking problems effectively.Design/methodology/approachA three-stage interdisciplinary organization evaluation model abounds the key problems of “who will evaluate the projects?” and “how to evaluate the projects?”. In the first stage, the authors build a consensus maximization model to identify the selected experts based on the interval grey number because of the uncertainty in assessment. In the second stage, considering the reliability of the experts, the authors calculate the reliability of the experts based on historical data. Meanwhile, considering the gradual changes of the experts, the dynamic weighting method is obtained based on the clustering method. In the third stage, considering decision-makers regret psychological behavior, the authors construct a cross-organizational performance evaluation model based on consensus expectations.FindingsFirst, for selecting the experts responsible for assessing interdisciplinary organizations, the consensus-reaching method can effectively avoid cognitive bias. Second, during the assessment, the authors obtained more reasonable results by considering the psychological changes of experts based on regret theory. Third, based on the results, the cross-organization of colleges focused on the achievements of talent training, cross effects, and system construction.Practical implicationsOur study could help organizations establish a suitable assessment mechanism and promote interdisciplinary development.Originality/valueFirst, considering the importance of selecting the experts, the authors use the consensus-reaching process for expert selection. This method could guarantee most experts' preferences. Then, the authors propose a two-stage dynamic weighting method, including a pre-determined and adjusted process. The dynamic method can better perform the preferences of experts. Third, the authors studied the assessment in interdiscipline. In addition, based on the framework and considering the features of the interdiscipline, the authors use the grey number to perform the uncertain preferences of the experts using regret theory.

Gyro Test Evaluation Based on Grey Clustering

Abstract Based on the test and evaluation of satellite control sub-systems, this article applies the gray clustering evaluation method in the gray system theory to the lack of objective quantitative standards in the current test and evaluation, and establishes the evaluation index system and evaluation model of the two-float gyro. The model is verified by using telemetry data and the evaluation conclusion of the gyro is got. The establishment of the model provides an objective and quantitative standard for the evaluation, and reduces the subjectivity and ambiguity in the evaluation. The model and method can be applied to other components of the control sub-system, and it has promotion significance for the test and evaluation of the entire control sub-system.

Analysis of the Driving Factors of the Extended Producer Responsibility System in China’s Tire Industry

The effective treatment of wrap tires could mitigate black pollution, reduce carbon emission, and supply risks. The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system is an effective way to deal with the problems aroused from wrap tires in some countries. In order to analyze the driving factors for the EPR system in the Chinese tire industry, this study first identifies the key driving factors based on literature analysis, expert interviews, and field research. And then, using the grey decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory (Grey-DEMATEL) method, the interrelationships among these factors were quantified analyzed. We find that the causal factor is to “strengthen the service function of dealers and service providers and improve the satisfaction of sales channels.” Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the robustness of the results. Conclusions are summarized below. If the implementation of the EPR system for tire companies can promote the sales of new tires, achieving the economic and environmental benefits must be the most critical factor. The effect factor is to fulfill social responsibility and achieve the brand effect. This result is in line with the original intention of tire companies to fulfill social responsibility and realize resource recycling. The key factors are related to policy guidance and regulations at the national level. And managerial implications are suggested for promoting the EPR system in China tire industry.

Evaluating Video Conferencing Software for Remote Working Using Two-Stage Grey MCDM: A Case Study from Vietnam

The COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the world, and businesses are struggling to create a new and effective working environment for their employees. Employees worldwide have moved from traditional face-to-face meetings to remote working using video conferencing software (VCS)—a powerful tool to support companies during the pandemic and that can be an increasing trend in the future. For businesses who intend to adopt VCS for their organizations, choosing an appropriate platform can be an arduous task that requires the consideration of multiple criteria to save costs and optimize efficiency. In this paper, we propose a grey-based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework that combines grey Analytical Hierarchy Process (G-AHP) and grey Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (G-EDAS) methodologies, in which grey numbers are used to express the linguistic evaluation statements of experts. Initially, the evaluation criteria based on functionality, security, usability, technical performance, and pricing have been determined using a literature review and expert’s opinions to employ the MCDM approach. G-AHP was utilized to identify the criteria weights, and G-EDAS was then used to select the best VCS among the alternatives. A case illustration in Vietnam is presented to exhibit the proposed approach’s applicability. From the G-AHP findings, quality of video/audio, ease of use, mobile experience, number of participants allowed, and video recording capability have been ranked as the five most important criteria. From G-EDAS analysis, Microsoft Teams (VCS-03) was found to be the best. In addition, the robustness of the proposed model was tested by conducting sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis of methods, in which the priority rankings of the best VCSs are very similar. With the high demand for the trend of the remote working model, this study can be a basis for informed decisions to assist businesses in choosing their best-suited VCS to save costs and enhance productivity.