Grassland Science Research Articles

Fifty Years of Grassland Science Leading to Change

Division C‐6 was established in 2000, but members associated with forages and grazinglands have been active in the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA) since its inception; 21 have served as President and many authored textbooks and comprehensive reference works. Complex forage and pasture mixtures were common in 1955, but shifted to monocultures in the 1960s and 1970s. Mixtures returned in the 1980s as N prices increased, broader values of legumes became known, nutritive value was better understood, and environmental issues increased. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for dairy production had strong leadership from the private sector in seed production and breeding. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was well‐adapted, conserved soil, and extended grazing in the transition zone to increase beef cow–calf production. Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] benefited from vegetative propagation, conserved soil, and was improved for adaptation, yield, and nutritive value. Yield advancements, except for a few species, have been discouraging. Management benefited from advances in disease resistance, methods for assessing nutritive value, and understanding the role of endophytic fungi. Modest increases in nutritive value, coupled with improved pasture management, have increased animal performance. Emerging interests include biomass, carbon sequestration, and roles of biodiversity. Molecular techniques offer potential to better understand the plants and make genetic progress.

畜産草地研究所（那須塩原市）におけるタンポポ属植物の生育地特性と遺伝的構造

Most of the plants morphologically identified as the introduced dandelions are known to be the hybrids between the native diploid and the introduced triploid dandelions. From the viewpoint of environmental indicator species, we clarified the environmental characteristics of the habitats of native and hybrid dandelions (tetraploid hybrids and triploid hybrids), analyzing the relationships between the distribution pattern of these dandelions and the habitat factors such as vegetation types, soil pH (H2O), soil hardness and illumination intensity in the campus of the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science. It was found that the native dandelions mainly occurred at slightly disturbed habitats with weakly acidic soil covered by forest edge species. In contrast, the hybrid dandelions, typically tetraploid hybrids, tended to occur at intensively disturbed habitats with relatively hard soil of neutral pH (H2O). We also performed clone analysis to reveal the genetic structures of dandelion populations, and analyzed the distribution patterns of each of the genetically identical clones. Based on the results obtained, we evaluated the validity of environmental indicator for ruderal and urban environments by the pair of native dandelions and tetraploid hybrids.

Challenges for grassland science: managing research priorities

Abstract Production-oriented research in the second half of the 20th century made impressive contributions to technical developments which helped to meet the food requirements of an expanding world population. These developments involved increasing specialisation in land use and in food production techniques, with progressive separation between food crop production and animal production. It is now recognised that these developments have contributed to serious long-term effects on the stability of the world's land and water resources, and on environmental hazards. Grasslands are particularly important in this spectrum of issues, in view of their dominant contribution to land use in many parts of the world, and because they occupy the nexus between the production functions and the environmental impacts of land use strategy, with implications for resource stability, biodiversity and global change. Also, they are an essential component of integrated land use systems which incorporate flexible combinations of cropping, pasture and forestry. This paper argues the need for a re-appraisal of prioritisation and funding in research on issues of land use strategy in general, and on issues of integrated land use and grassland management in particular. There is a need to provide a stronger base for genuine inter-disciplinary research, with the emphasis on integrated land use programmes and effective coordination of production and conservation oriented objectives, and greater emphasis on a coordinated programme of large-scale, long-term, integrated land use research projects on a national or, preferably, a regional basis. Improved linkages between national and international research programmes, and closer coordination of interests between the professional bodies representing particular land use interests, are likely to be required for the effective execution and delivery of such programmes. Achievement of these objectives will require a re-evaluation of conventional research and tertiary education priorities, to encourage both a broader vision and a more informed and flexible attitude to land use issues.

Message to the Readers of Grassland Science

Grassland ScienceVolume 51, Issue 1 p. 1-1 Message to the Readers of Grassland Science President Kazuo Sugawara, President Kazuo Sugawara Japanese Society of Grassland ScienceSearch for more papers by this author President Kazuo Sugawara, President Kazuo Sugawara Japanese Society of Grassland ScienceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 April 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-697X.2005.00001.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume51, Issue1March 2005Pages 1-1 RelatedInformation

Improvement of Seedling Growth and Forage Yield of Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) under Low Temperature Conditions

Five rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) cultivars (Asatsuyu, Hatsunatsu, Katambora, Osumi-5, and Osumi-7) were evaluated for forage yield in a 3-year field experiment in the main island of Okinawa located in the subtropical region of Japan. The new cultivar Asatsuyu was significantly higher than the widely used commercial cultivar Katambora in dry matter yields at spring, fall and winter harvests during the second and third harvest years. Asatsuyu had significantly higher annual dry matter yields than Katambora and Hatsunatsu in the second and third harvest years. It was also significantly higher than Katambora and Hatsunatsu in total dry matter yield for 3 years. Annual dry matter yield showed significant positive correlation coefficients with dry matter yields harvested from winter to spring and from fall to early winter, suggesting that improvement of plant growth under low temperature conditions increases annual dry matter yield in rhodesgrass. In a growth room experiment at the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science in Tochigi, Asatsuyu was significantly higher in plant heights at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after seedling emergence and in dry matter weight at 4 weeks after seedling emergence than Katambora and Hatsunatsu at a low temperature (21/16°C, day/night temperature). These results indicate that Asatsuyu has better performance than the other 2 cultivars at low temperatures. The results obtained in the field and growth room experiments show that the new cultivar Asatsuyu is superior to the other 2 commonly used cultivars Katambora and Hatsunatsu in seedling growth and forage production under low temperature conditions. The cultivar Asatsuyu can increase forage productivity and would extend periods of grazing and hay production in subtropical regions.

Turfgrass Research Situation at National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science

Turfgrass Research Situation at National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science

Grassland Science President etc.

Grassland Science President etc.

지난 20년간 한국 초지학회지에 발표된 논문의 연구동향

지난 20년간 한국 초지학회지에 발표된 논문의 연구동향

The contributions of Dr Raymond Wilkie Brougham to grassland science and management

The contributions to grasslands research and practice of the internationally notable New Zealand Scientist, Dr Raymond Wilkie Brougham are reviewed. He made significant contributions to the fundamental understanding of processes in pasture establishment, pasture growth particularly its relationship with leaf area and light interception, and to grazing management effects on the botanical and genetic composition of grassland communities.

Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. A Report of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. [Washington: National Academy Press, 1992. 214pp.

Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. A Report of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. [Washington: National Academy Press, 1992. 214pp.] - Volume 131

NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GRASS AND FORAGE CROPS*

ABSTRACTIn the management of British grassland lay there appears to be a marked divergence between the policies advocated by grassland science and general grassland practice. While science places emphasis on monocultures of sown species (mainly perennial ryegrass), heavily fertilized and intensively stocked, grassland farmers for the most part rely on lonstablished or indigenous swards composed of a variety of species and receiving modest applications of fertilizer. Since the gap between the two approaches is both substantial and of long duration the subject appears to be worth fresh attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current situation in relation to improvement in botanical composition and to suggest new approaches to that end.

Metabolism of volatile fatty acids by liver and portal-drained viscera in sheep.

Metabolism of volatile fatty acids by liver and portal-drained viscera in sheep.

Grassland Science and its Methodology

Grassland Science and its Methodology

放牧利用-自然草地(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

放牧利用-自然草地(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

育種(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

育種(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

北海道,とくに草地酪農地帯(冷涼地帯,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

北海道,とくに草地酪農地帯(冷涼地帯,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

最近の草地生態研究(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

最近の草地生態研究(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

放牧利用-人工草地(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

放牧利用-人工草地(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

山地傾斜地一般(山地傾斜地,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

山地傾斜地一般(山地傾斜地,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

積雪地帯一般(積雪地帯,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

積雪地帯一般(積雪地帯,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)