Grassland Science Research Articles

Reform and Practice of Ideological and Political Teaching in the Course of Processing and Storage of Forage Crops

The 6th document of the Ministry of Education in 2019 pointed out that ideological and political education should run through the whole process of talent training, insisting that the effect of "cultivating people by virtue" should be regarded as the fundamental standard to test all the work of colleges and universities. Forage Processing and Storage is based on the basic theory of maintaining and improving the nutritional value of forage feed and reducing the nutritional loss in the process of processing and storage. It focuses on the science of processing technology of forage. It is a professional course of grassland science major in higher agricultural schools. The teaching content involves botany, seed science, soil science, culture science, animal nutrition, ecology and other aspects, which contains rich ideological and political elements. With the purpose of "cultivating people by virtue", the paper explored the ideological and political elements, and integrated them with professional knowledge organically. Through the analysis of typical teaching cases, the reform and practice of ideological and political teaching of Forage Processing and Storage are promoted, and the correct values and scientific outlook are set up by the students in a subtle way.

Grassland, forage, and turfgrass science in China

Grassland, forage, and turfgrass science in China

Effects of Different Livestock Grazing on Foliar Fungal Diseases in an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

In grassland ecosystems, the occurrence and transmission of foliar fungal diseases are largely dependent on grazing by large herbivores. However, whether herbivores that have different body sizes differentially impact foliar fungal diseases remains largely unexplored. Thus, we conducted an 8-year grazing experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China and tested how different types of livestock (sheep (Ovis aries), yak (Bos grunniens), or both)) affected foliar fungal diseases at the levels of both plant population and community. At the population level, grazing by a single species (yak or sheep) or mixed species (sheep and yak) significantly decreased the severity of eight leaf spot diseases. Similarly, at the community level, both single species (yak or sheep) and mixed grazing by both sheep and yak significantly decreased the community pathogen load. However, we did not find a significant difference in the community pathogen load among different types of livestock. These results suggest that grazing by large herbivores, independently of livestock type, consistently decreased the prevalence of foliar fungal diseases at both the plant population and community levels. We suggest that moderate grazing by sheep or yak is effective to control the occurrence of foliar fungal diseases in alpine grasslands. This study advances our knowledge of the interface between disease ecology, large herbivores, and grassland science.

Reform and practice of ideological and political teaching in the course of processing and storage of forage crops

The 6th document of the Ministry of Education in 2019 pointed out that ideological and political education should run through the whole process of talent training, insisting that the effect of "cultivating people by virtue" should be regarded as the fundamental standard to test all the work of colleges and universities. Forage processing and storage is based on the basic theory of maintaining and improving the nutritional value of forage feed and reducing the nutritional loss in the process of processing and storage. It focuses on the science of processing technology of forage. It is a professional course of grassland science major in higher agricultural schools. The teaching content involves botany, seed science, soil science, culture science, animal nutrition, ecology and other aspects, which contains rich ideological and political elements. With the purpose of "cultivating people by virtue", the paper explored the ideological and political elements, and integrated them with professional knowledge organically. Through the analysis of typical teaching cases, the reform and practice of ideological and political teaching of "Forage Processing and Storage" are promoted, and the correct values and scientific outlook are set up by the students in a subtle way.

Remote Sensing Grassland Productivity Attributes: A Systematic Review

A third of the land on the Earth is composed of grasslands, mainly used for forage. Much effort is being conducted to develop tools to estimate grassland productivity (GP) at different extents, concentrating on spatial and seasonal variability pertaining to climate change. GP is a reliable indicator of how well an ecosystem works because of its close connection to the ecological system equilibrium. The most commonly used proxies of GP in ecological studies are aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf area index (LAI), canopy storage capacity (CSC), and chlorophyll and nitrogen content. Grassland science gains much information from the capacity of remote sensing (RS) techniques to calculate GP proxies. An overview of the studies on RS-based GP prediction techniques and a discussion of current matters determining GP monitoring are critical for improving future GP prediction performance. A systematic review of articles published between 1970 and October 2021 (203 peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science, Scopus, and DirectScience databases) showed a trend in the choice of the sensors, and the approaches to use are largely dependent on the extent of monitoring and assessment. Notably, all the reviewed articles demonstrate the growing demand for high-resolution sensors, such as hyperspectral scanners and computationally efficient image-processing techniques for the high prediction accuracy of GP at various scales of application. Further research is required to attract the synthesis of optical and radar data, multi-sensor data, and the selection of appropriate techniques for GP prediction at different scales. Mastering and listing major uncertainties associated with different algorithms for the GP prediction and pledging to reduce these errors are critical.

Trends in grassland science: Based on the shift analysis of research themes since the early 1900s.

Grasslands, one of the major terrestrial ecosystems, are essential for the maintenance of ecological and production functions; however, they are undergoing extensive degradation. The development and cutting-edge explorations in grassland science are critical to addressing challenges such as climate change and the increasing influence of human activities. To identify research trends in grassland science, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modelling was used to conduct an automated content analysis on 123,829 papers available on Web of Science Core Collection from 1900 to 2020. Results from this analysis showed that grassland research has become increasing multidisciplinary, accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the relative frequency of traditional production-oriented research and an increase in the themes focusing on ecological functions and modern technologies. Changes in research activities have been uneven globally, with a significant increase in the number of publications in China and Brazil, which probably reflects an increased support from various governmental agencies in these countries. Additionally, in 2019, China surpassed the United States in terms of the total number of publications. Further, this study identified important topics and emerging challenges in grassland research, such as biodiversity conservation, climate changes, and genetic considerations. Comprehensive improvement of education, research, global cooperation, and funding strategies will be necessary to promote grassland science research on frontier themes and to effectively address the social and environmental challenges in the new era.

Exploration of the "Science and Education + Production and Education" Dual-Integrated Innovative Talent Cultivation Model for the Grassland Science Major

The integration of science-education and industry-education is not only an important issue in the development of colleges and disciplines, but also a key factor restricting the training quality of high-quality talents. The dual-integration collaborative education model can effectively promote the innovation chain, talent chain, education chain, and achievement chain of universities, and deeply integrate with the application chain, development chain, and industrial chain of enterprises. That will promote the transformation and upgrading of important technologies and the improvement of students’ professional skills. The collaborative education model is conducive to the establishment of an interactive promotion model for the quality of talent training and social development needs. Based on expounding the importance of the integration science-education and industry-education to the quality of talent training, this paper deeply analyzes the current situation of the cultivation mode of innovative talents of Grassland Science in Qingdao Agricultural University. Based on the coordinated development of scientific research, industry and education, this paper puts forward the ways of innovative talent training under the background of the integration of science-education and industry-education, that formed a new innovative talent training mode with diversified education subjects leading and cooperating, responsibility sharing and achievement sharing. It has comprehensively promoted the transformation of the grass science major to the cultivation of diversified and innovative talents under the background of "double first-class" and "new agricultural science".

The effect of biological additive on the fermentation quality of whole-crop rye silage

The effect of biological additive on the fermentation quality of whole-crop rye silage

185 Opportunities and Challenges of Conducting Grazing Experiments in Pasturelands

Abstract Grasslands cover approximately 30% of the world area and research conducted in pasturelands has been crucial to realize the benefits of grassland contributions to livestock production and ecosystem services. The Forage and Grazing Terminology Task Force has developed a list of recommended nomenclature for grazing lands research and this effort has been a landmark to avoid misleading terms in research reports. Other challenges remain. The intrinsic variability of pastureland research data limits the capacity of researchers to detect differences among treatments. In addition, the quantity of resources and labor required by pastureland experiments may lead researchers to decrease the size of experimental units and/or number of replicates, exacerbating the limitations in detecting differences among treatments. In general, experimental units in grazing studies encompass relatively large areas, which may pose a challenge to identifying representative sampling units that reflect the experimental area. The use of indirect measurements to estimate forage mass is a feasible approach to increase the representativeness of forage quantity evaluations. The nutritive value determination of forage samples from grazing studies also has many limitations. The collection of samples representing the animal diet and the methods of nutritive value determination, primarily digestibility, are major areas of concern. For animal performance evaluations, determination of the correct experimental unit has been a frequent issue. Among animal measures, forage intake is one of the most influential factors affecting animal performance and the existent methodology to estimate forage intake by grazing animals has limitations, reducing the accuracy of the results. Development and validation of mathematical models to estimate the benefits of grasslands on livestock performance and ecosystem services are important steps in the evolution of grassland science, but in some cases additional data are needed to support this effort.

ОБ ИТОГАХ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «АГРОБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ-2021»

The article summarizes the outcomes of the International Scientific Conference “Agrobiotechnology- 2021”, which took place November 24–25, 2021, in Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Scientists presented results of their research in the following sections: “Plant growing, grassland science, farming”, “Plant protection”, “Safety and quality of agricultural raw materials and food”, “Biotechnology, breeding and seed production of agricultural plants”, “Horticulture and medicinal plants”. The main emphasis was on the research on the development of resource-saving agro-biotechnologies. It is one of the priorities in implementing programs of the Russian Federation Government in the field of food safety till 2030 and tasks on the self-sufficiency of the country in primary domestic agricultural produce, raw material, and foodstuffs. The conference participants discussed the concept and prospects of organic farming in Russia, issues of crop production sustainability and its functioning, ways to overcome factors negatively affecting yield formation and crop quality. They tried to find ways to improve natural and old grasslands.The reserchers analyzed climate change and related cultivation technology and agronomic practices, soil cultivation methods, weed control, and herbicide use. The participants put forward theses on the importance of crop rotation combined with advanced farming practices.The conference addressed yield loss issues in crop production due to unfavorable conditions of the vegetation period: frost, drought, overwatering, and other stressful situations for plants.The participants suggested resource-saving, soil-protective, energy-saving techniques, and search for new environmentally safe plant seed growth stimulants. They discussed critical factors of plant nutrition and phytosanitary status of soils, soil formation. The conference addresses the challenges of global climate change associated with steadily increasing average annual temperatures, new breeding methods, and seed production as the basis of agricultural production.

University and High-school Collaboration in Grassland Science: the Poster-presentation by High-school Students at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Grassland Society 2019

University and High-school Collaboration in Grassland Science: the Poster-presentation by High-school Students at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Grassland Society 2019

Hyperspectral Analysis of Leaf Pigments and Nutritional Elements in Tallgrass Prairie Vegetation.

Understanding the spatial distribution of forage quality is important to address critical research questions in grassland science. Due to its efficiency and accuracy, there has been a widespread interest in mapping the canopy vegetation characteristics using remote sensing methods. In this study, foliar chlorophylls, carotenoids, and nutritional elements across multiple tallgrass prairie functional groups were quantified at the leaf level using hyperspectral analysis in the region of 470–800 nm, which was expected to be a precursor to further remote sensing of canopy vegetation quality. A method of spectral standardization was developed using a form of the normalized difference, which proved feasible to reduce the interference from background effects in the leaf reflectance measurements. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were retrieved through inverting the physical model PROSPECT 5. The foliar nutritional elements were modeled empirically. Partial least squares regression was used to build the linkages between the high-dimensional spectral predictor variables and the foliar biochemical contents. Results showed that the retrieval of leaf biochemistry through hyperspectral analysis can be accurate and robust across different tallgrass prairie functional groups. In addition, correlations were found between the leaf pigments and nutritional elements. Results provided insight into the use of pigment-related vegetation indices as the proxy of plant nutrition quality.

University and High-school Collaboration in Grassland Science: the Poster-presentation by High-school Students at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Grassland Society 2018

University and High-school Collaboration in Grassland Science: the Poster-presentation by High-school Students at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Grassland Society 2018

不同坡向高寒草甸土壤理化特性和微生物数量特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同坡向高寒草甸土壤理化特性和微生物数量特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201806291433 作者: 作者单位: 甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃农业大学-新西兰梅西大学草地生物多样性研究中心,甘肃农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31460566，31760706）；甘肃省杰出青年基金项目（1606RJDA314）；甘肃农业大学"伏羲杰出人才"培育项目（Gaufx-02J03） Soil physical and chemical characteristics and microbial proportions in an alpine meadow with different slopes Author: Affiliation: College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazing land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China,,,,,,,College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazing land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:阐明不同坡向草地土壤性质的空间分异格局，为退化草地的精准修复和科学管理提供参考。研究了青藏高原东缘高寒草甸退化草地不同坡向（北坡N、西北坡NW、西坡W、东坡E、东北坡NE、西南坡SW和南坡S）土壤理化性质和微生物数量特征。结果发现：从N→S坡向上，土壤有机质、碳氮比和全氮含量均呈下降趋势，土壤全磷含量和pH值在不同坡向间均无显著差异（P > 0.05），E坡向全磷含量最高（（2.83±0.95）g/kg），NW坡向含量最低（（2.07±0.12）g/kg）；土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量变化呈波动现象，NW坡向的细菌（（13.0×105±1.0×105）个/g）、真菌（（14.0×103±0.0）个/g）和放线菌（（24.0×104±1.0×104）个/g）数量最低，E坡向的细菌数量最高（（85.5×105±2.5×105）个/g），S坡向的真菌（（24.0×103±0.0）个/g）和放线菌（（209.5×104±4.5×104）个/g）数量最高；回归分析表明，在E→S坡向上，随土壤含水量、有机质、碳氮比和全氮含量的增加，土壤细菌和放线菌数量均显著降低（P < 0.05），而土壤真菌数量随含水量、pH值、土壤养分含量的增加略有降低（P > 0.05）。可见，不同坡向高寒草甸土壤理化特征差异明显，也导致了土壤微生物数量分配格局的不同。 Abstract:The alpine meadow is the main type grassland ecosystem which has several unique characteristics. Slope direction is one of the important topographic factors in the alpine meadow which plays an important role in the spatial differentiation of soil properties. The difference in soil nutrients and microorganisms between different slope directions may lead to different landscape qualities, and the difference in landscapes will determine the nature of the soil which finally affects the vegetation structure and growth. Therefore, understanding the role of slop effects in driving soil microbes and functions is essential for formulating sustainable ecosystem management and conservation policies. The aim of the current study is to clarify the spatial distribution pattern of grassland soil properties under different slope directions and to provide a basis for the precise restoration of degraded grassland. The soil physical and chemical properties and microbial quantity changes in the degraded meadow of the alpine meadow in the eastern margin of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau (N, northern slope; NW, northwest slope; W, west slope; E, eastern slope; NE, northeast slope; SW, southwest slope; S, south slope) were studied. The results showed that the soil organic matter, carbon and nitrogen ratio, and total nitrogen content decreased from north to south (N to S). The total phosphorus content and pH value of the soil were not significantly differed between the seven slopes. The content of total phosphorus in the E slope was the highest ((2.83±0.95)g/kg), and the content of the NW slope was the lowest ((2.07±0.12)g/kg); the counts of soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes fluctuated with slope differences. The count of bacteria ((13.0×105±1.0×105)cfu/g), fungi ((14.0×103±0.0)cfu/g) and actinomycetes ((24.0×104±1.0×104)cfu/g), was the lowest in the NW slope, highest in the E slope for bacteria ((85.5×105±2.5×105)cfu/g) and actinomycetes ((209.5×104±4.5×104) cfu/g), and on the S slope fungus ((24.0×103±0.0)cfu/g) was the highest. The regression analysis showed that with the increase of soil water content, organic matter, C/N ratio, and total nitrogen content, the counts of soil bacteria and actinomycetes decreased significantly from the gradient of the N slope to the S, and there was no significant influence on the count of fungi. The change in soil pH value and total phosphorus had no significant influence on the number of microbes (P > 0.05). It could be concluded that soil nutrient contents were different under different slope directions. When the soil nutrient content was high, the demand for plant growth may be given priority. Therefore, during the period of high soil nutrient contents, the count of microorganisms remain relatively small. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

草地学へのシステム論導入の経緯，研究例とOkubo-Jacquard Modelの発想

草地学へのシステム論導入の経緯，研究例とOkubo-Jacquard Modelの発想

The Role and Efficiency of System Model for Grassland and Animal Science

The Role and Efficiency of System Model for Grassland and Animal Science

病害(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

病害(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

低暖地帯一般(低暖地常,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

低暖地帯一般(低暖地常,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

四国地方傾斜地(山地傾斜地,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

四国地方傾斜地(山地傾斜地,草地学・地帯別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

草の品質と家畜飼養(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)

草の品質と家畜飼養(草地学・専門別にみた研究の動向と問題点)