Graphical Language Research Articles

The Theme of the Revolution in the Children’s Books of the 1920-ies

Reflection of the events of the October Revolution of 1917 in the domestic publications for children in the 1920-ies — early 1930-ies is a very significant and interesting, but insufficiently studied topic. This theme had been mainly explored from the standpoint of literary analysis, without considering peculiarities of the crucial component of the books graphics. In the article there is made an attempt to analyse mainly from the bibliological and art critical point of view a number of editions, directly or indirectly related to the theme of Revolution, to consider stylistic features of their external design, to identify the most typical art techniques used by illustrators of those years. The considered period is interesting because there were no ready-made models to emulate for the writers and artists, there were no rigid canons of the “Revolutionary children book”; the most important topic from the point of view of Soviet ideology had been mastered by trial-and-error method. In the mid-1920-ies, writers and graphic artists preferred the allegorical, fairy-tale interpretations of the Revolution theme: in the illustrative cycles of such different masters, as M.V. Dobuzhinsky, B.V. Joganson, D.A. Bulanov, V.S. Tvardovsky, the victorious revolts were committed in a fantastic country, in the kingdom of toys or in the world of animals. Rather unsuccessful should be recognized the experience of graphical interpretation of revolutionary themes with the use of heavy-weight allegories; much more convincing, though not undisputed, was the method of describing the class battles from the point of view of a child. In publications of the early 1930-ies, all sorts of allegory give way to the direct access to the historical events of 1917; however, the graphical language of the books remains conditional. In the works of A.I. Poret, P.M. Kondratyev, B.I. Inozemtsev, N.V. Svinenko, the epic scale of the Revolution is emphasized with the use of unexpected lines of sight, bold spatial solutions; and primitive style is often synthesized with the techniques of avant-garde art. Using different strategies of mythologization and poetization of the Revolution, illustrators were successfully resolving the problem of not only political, but also aesthetic education of the younger generation.

The optimal route planning for inspection task of autonomous underwater vehicle composed of MOPSO-based dynamic routing algorithm in currents

For supporting the dynamic routing plan more efficiently, this study has been established by integrating PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) −based dynamic routing algorithm, self-tuning fuzzy controller, a stereo-vision detection technique and 6-DOF mathematical model into the inspection system of AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). Specifically, the PSO-based dynamic routing algorithm is modified by adopting the concept of Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), which is able to handle different weights of objectives in parallel. Therefore, a modular structure is applied to program design of the system by using the graphical language, LabVIEW®, which is composed of 6-DOF motion module, a self-tuning fuzzy control module, a stereo-vision detection module, and a dynamic routing module. Performances resulted from the MOPSO-based dynamic routing algorithm would be discussed by conducting a series of inspection tasks in the imitated offshore wind farm. Additionally, selections of fixed weight and dynamic weight of MOPSO-based dynamic routing algorithm would be compared via Pareto frontiers for feasible solutions of both sailing time and energy consumption. Eventually, it is verified that the MOPSO-based dynamic routing algorithm in our system is not only able to estimate the feasible routes intelligently, but also identify features of underwater structures for the purpose of positioning.

Intermediate-Representation Translation Techniques to Improve Vulnerability Analysis Efficiency for Binary Files in Embedded Devices

임베디드 기기는 시퀀스 제어 기능과 수치연산 기능을 활용하여 제어 프로그램에 따라 산업현장의 기기 등 다양한 자동화 시스템에 활용된다. 현재 임베디드 기기는 기업의 산업현장, 원전, 대중교통 같은 국가기반시설에서 제어 시스템으로 활용되고 있다. 따라서 임베디드 기기를 대상으로 하는 공격은 큰 경제적 손실과 사회적 손실을 야기할 수 있다. 임베디드 기기를 대상으로 하는 공격은 대부분 데이터, 코드 변조로서 제어 프로그램을 대상으로 이루어진다. 산업 자동화 임베디드 기기의 제어 프로 그램은 일반적인 프로그래밍 언어와 달리 회로 구조를 표현하기 위하여 설계되었고, 대부분의 산업 자동화 제어 프로그램은 그래픽 기반 언어인 LAD로 설계되어있어 정적분석이 용이하지 않다. 이러한 특징으로 인하여 산업 자동화 제어 프로그램에 대한 취약점 분석 및 보안 관련 연구는 정형 검증, 실시간 모니터링 수준에 그친다. 또한 사전에 취약점을 탐지하고 공격에 대한 대비가 가능한 산업 자동화 제어 프로그램 정적분석 연구는 매우 저조한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산업 자동화 임베디드 프로그램에 대한 정적분석 효율성 증대를 위하여 회로 구조를 표현하기 위해 설계된 산업 자동화 제어 프로그램을 논리식으로 표현하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 또한 다양한 제조사의 산업 자동화 제어 프로그램을 통합적으로 분석하기 위하여 LLVM IR을 활용한 중간어 변환 기술을 제안한다. LLVM IR을 활용함으로서 동적 분석에 대한 통합분석이 가능하다. 본연구에서는 해당 방법에 대한 검증을 위하여 S 社의 제어 프로그램을 대상으로 하여 논리식 형태의 중간어로 변환하는 프로그 램의 시제품을 개발하였다.Utilizing sequence control and numerical computing, embedded devices are used in a variety of automated systems, including those at industrial sites, in accordance with their control program. Since embedded devices are used as a control system in corporate industrial complexes, nuclear power plants and public transport infrastructure nowadays, deliberate attacks on them can cause significant economic and social damages. Most attacks aimed at embedded devices are data-coded, code-modulated, and control-programmed. The control programs for industry-automated embedded devices are designed to represent circuit structures, unlike common programming languages, and most industrial automation control programs are designed with a graphical language, LAD, which is difficult to process static analysis. Because of these characteristics, the vulnerability analysis and security related studies for industry automation control programs have only progressed up to the formal verification, real-time monitoring levels. Furthermore, the static analysis of industrial automation control programs, which can detect vulnerabilities in advance and prepare for attacks, stays poorly researched. Therefore, this study suggests a method to present a discussion on an industry automation control program designed to represent the circuit structure to increase the efficiency of static analysis of embedded industrial automation programs. It also proposes a medium term translation technology exploiting LLVM IR to comprehensively analyze the industrial automation control programs of various manufacturers. By using LLVM IR, it is possible to perform integrated analysis on dynamic analysis. In this study, a prototype program that converts to a logical expression type of medium language was developed with regards to the S company s control program in order to verify our method.

An industrial case study on the use of UML in software maintenance and its perceived benefits and hurdles

UML is a commonly-used graphical language for the modelling of software. Works regarding UML’s effectiveness have studied projects that develop software systems from scratch. Yet the maintenance of software consumes a large share of the overall time and effort required to develop software systems. This study, therefore, focuses on the use of UML in software maintenance. We wish to elicit the practices of the software modelling used during maintenance in industry and understand what are perceived as hurdles and benefits when using modelling. In order to achieve a high level of realism, we performed a case study in a multinational company’s ICT department. The analysis is based on 31 interviews with employees who work on software maintenance projects. The interviewees played different roles and provided complementary views about the use, hurdles and benefits of software modelling and the use of UML. Our study uncovered a broad range of modelling-related practices, which are presented in a theoretical framework that illustrates how these practices are linked to the specific goals and context of software engineering projects. We present a list of recommended practices that contribute to the increased effectiveness of software modelling. The use of software modelling notations (like UML) is considered beneficial for software maintenance, but needs to be tailored to its context. Various practices that contribute to the effective use of modelling are commonly overlooked, suggesting that a more conscious holistic approach with which to integrate modelling practices into the overall software engineering approach is required.

Metamodel specialization for graphical language support

Most of current modeling languages are based on graphical diagrams. The concrete graphical syntax of these languages typically is defined informally—by text and diagram examples. Only recently, starting from UML 2.5, a formalism is offered for defining the graphical syntax of UML. This formalism is based on Diagram Definition standard by OMG, where the main emphasis is on enabling diagram interchange between different tools implementing the given language. While this is crucial for standardized languages such as UML, this aspect is not so important for domain-specific languages. In this paper, an approach is offered for a simple direct definition of concrete graphical syntax by means of metamodels. Metamodels are typically used for a language definition, but mainly the MOF-inspired approach via meta-metamodel instantiation is used. We offer an alternative approach based on core metamodel specialization which leads to a more direct and understandable definition staying at the same meta-layer. In addition, our approach permits a natural extension—facility for a graphical editor definition for the given language, which is vital in the world of DSLs. In contrast to most DSL development platforms, which are based on the abstract syntax metamodel of the language and a mapping to graphics, our facility is based directly on the graphical syntax. But we show that in those cases where the relation to the DSL abstract syntax is really required, a mapping from the graphical syntax to abstract syntax can be relatively easily defined by the specialization approach.

3D CAD modeling of deep drawing tools based on a new graphical language

ABSTRACTIncreasing diversity of types and decreasing batch sizes along with a growing complexity of products manufactured by forming technology result in new challenges for developers and designers. The construction of a full parametric model of a deep drawing tool in a 3D CAD system is usually considered time-consuming and associated with high cost, and thus discourages many designers. In order to render this type of modeling easier and faultless, a new method for the model-driven design of deep drawing tools is developed. For this purpose the analysis of fully parametric 3D CAD models of deep drawing tools is necessary. This analyzing contributes to the newly developed graphical domain-specific language, which makes the modeling of deep drawing tools more flexible and time-efficient.

A Structural and Nominal Syntax for Diagrams

The correspondence between monoidal categories and graphical languages of diagrams has been studied extensively, leading to applications in quantum computing and communication, systems theory, circuit design and more. From the categorical perspective, diagrams can be specified using (name-free) combinators which enjoy elegant equational properties. However, conventional notations for diagrammatic structures, such as hardware description languages (VHDL, Verilog) or graph languages (Dot), use a different style, which is flat, relational, and reliant on extensive use of names (labels). Such languages are not known to enjoy nice syntactic equational properties. However, since they make it relatively easy to specify (and modify) arbitrary diagrammatic structures they are more popular than the combinator style. In this paper we show how the two approaches to diagram syntax can be reconciled and unified in a way that does not change the semantics and the existing equational theory. Additionally, we give sound and complete equational theories for the combined syntax.

A LabVIEW-based real-time acquisition system for crack detection in conductive materials

Large number of measurement techniques involves the scanning of a probe, while a physical quantity is measured. Data acquisition therefore requires high acquisition rates, together with an accurate synchronization between the probe control and the measurement. LabVIEW-based graphical programming language provides the flexibility of integration of data acquisition software/hardware for automated test and measurement applications using National Instruments (NI) high-speed data acquisition boards. This paper describes a new LabVIEW-Based automatic test system that can be used for eddy current testing (ECT) tests and measurements. The system deals with a pancake type coil, placed above a flat conductive plate with a crack. In order to achieve the crack detection, the probe scans the target and signals are collected by a NI data acquisition board. The software of the system has been developed using LabVIEW in order to realize the real time data acquisition of coil’s impedance. To verify the experimental results, simulations were performed using 3D finite element method. The system designed can be used for both education and specific research purposes.

Design and Implementation of Real-time Brain-computer Interface System Based on LabVIEW

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a newly developed man-machine interface method that is applied in the field of brain science, rehabilitation engineering, biomedical engineering and human-machine automatic control. Under the LabVIEW environment of virtual instrument graphical programming language, this paper improves the program of Active One, a physiological signal acquisition system. The off-line processing system of electroencephalogram(EEG) is improved to a real-time processing system and a real-time feedback BCI experiment system is established based on visual evoked potential (VEP). The cumulative average method combined with the FIR filter method was used to extract the VEP signal and form a closed-loop BCI. Real-time feedback of the BCI system was realized and the VEP signal was automatically identified. Using the proposed method of this paper to implement BCI can achieve a higher accuracy with certain practicality and feasibility.

Application of directed acyclic graphs in evidence-based medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a kind of clinic practice where clinicians use the best and the latest available evidence to diagnose and treat patients, and both evidence providers and users need to identify and control different kinds of biases in medical research. Directed acyclic graphsis is a tool to explore the causal relationship. The possible biases in the study can be revealed in a simple graphical language. The use of directed acyclic graphs could avoid the occurrence of bias and improve the quality of medical research and better guide clinical practice. Key words: Directed acyclic graphs; Evidence-based medicine; Confounding bias; Collider-stratification bias

A process-oriented modeling approach for graphical development of mobile business apps

Mobile app development is an activity predominantly performed by software developers. Domain experts and future users are merely considered in early development phases as source of requirements or consulted for evaluating the resulting product. In the domain of business apps, many cross-platform programming frameworks exist but approaches also targeted at non-technical users are rare. Existing graphical notations for describing apps either lack the simplicity to be understandable by domain experts or are not expressive enough to support automated processing. The MAML framework is proposed as model-driven approach for describing mobile apps in a platform-agnostic fashion not only for software developers but also for process modelers and domain experts. Data, views, business logic, and user interactions are jointly modeled from a process perspective using a graphical domain-specific language. To aggregate multiple use cases and provide advanced modeling support, an inference mechanism is utilized to deduce a global data model. Through model transformations, native apps are then automatically generated for multiple platforms without manual programming. Our approach is compared to the IFML notation in an observational study, with promising results regarding readability and usability.

Literature (Now) Contains Graphic Language: Adaptation, Visualization and Transmedia Texts

Literature (Now) Contains Graphic Language: Adaptation, Visualization and Transmedia Texts

Infinitesimal deformations of Poisson bi-vectors using the Kontsevich graph calculus

Let be a Poisson structure on a finite-dimensional affine real manifold. Can be deformed in such a way that it stays Poisson? The language of Kontsevich graphs provides a universal approach – with respect to all affine Poisson manifolds – to finding a class of solutions to this deformation problem. For that reasoning, several types of graphs are needed. In this paper we outline the algorithms to generate those graphs. The graphs that encode deformations are classified by the number of internal vertices k; for k ≤ 4 we present all solutions of the deformation problem. For k ≥ 5, first reproducing the pentagon-wheel picture suggested at k = 6 by Kontsevich and Willwacher, we construct the heptagon-wheel cocycle that yields a new unique solution without 2-loops and tadpoles at k = 8.

„Tag ěto viřísení”. O formách a funkcích grafických jazykových prostředků

Normally, the sequences of graphic language devices function as “building material” for morphemes and words. Nevertheless, these sequences sometimes (especially in literary texts) occur in defamiliarized forms. The paper describes how the defamiliarized sequences of graphic devices are used in several texts written by Czech authors and how they can be interpreted by recipients. A specific way of use of graphic devices can represent the intellectual level of a character, evocate the course of spoken utterances, reveal the conventionality of orthographic rules, etc.

Standardized languages and notations for graphical modelling of patient care processes: a systematic review.

The importance of working toward quality improvement in healthcare implies an increasing interest in analysing, understanding and optimizing process logic and sequences of activities embedded in healthcare processes. Their graphical representation promotes faster learning, higher retention and better compliance. The study identifies standardized graphical languages and notations applied to patient care processes and investigates their usefulness in the healthcare setting. Peer-reviewed literature up to 19 May 2016. Information complemented by a questionnaire sent to the authors of selected studies. Systematic review conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Five authors extracted results of selected studies. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. One notation and language for healthcare process modelling were identified with an application to patient care processes: Business Process Model and Notation and Unified Modeling Language™. One of the authors of every selected study completed the questionnaire. Users' comprehensibility and facilitation of inter-professional analysis of processes have been recognized, in the filled in questionnaires, as major strengths for process modelling in healthcare. Both the notation and the language could increase the clarity of presentation thanks to their visual properties, the capacity of easily managing macro and micro scenarios, the possibility of clearly and precisely representing the process logic. Both could increase guidelines/pathways applicability by representing complex scenarios through charts and algorithms hence contributing to reduce unjustified practice variations which negatively impact on quality of care and patient safety.

Using robotics in kinematics classes: exploring braking and stopping distances

Research in the field of physics teaching has revealed high school students’ difficulties in establishing relations between kinematic equations and real movements. Moreover, there are well-known and significant challenges in their comprehension of graphic language content. Thus, this article explores a didactic activity which utilized robotics in order to investigate significant aspects of kinematics, gathering data and performing analyses and descriptions via graphs and mathematical equations which were indispensable for the analysis of the phenomena in question. Traffic safety appears as a main theme, with particular emphasis on the distinction between braking and stopping distances in harsh conditions, as observed in the robot vehicle’s tires and track. This active-learning investigation allows students to identify significant differences between the average value of the initial empirical braking position and that of the vehicle’s programmed braking position, enabling them to more deeply comprehend the relations between mathematical and graphic representations of this real phenomenon and the phenomenon itself, thereby providing a sense of accuracy to this study.

The integration of an automatic reserve switching controller into a railway traffic control system power supply through the use of a Petri net and a graphical programming language

The integration of an automatic reserve switching controller into a railway traffic control system power supply through the use of a Petri net and a graphical programming language

Structural Concolic Testing for Sequential Function Chart

Graphical programming languages allow for well structured software and support comprehensibility and maintainability of the code. As for industrial applications, Sequential Function Chart(SFC) is a popular graphical language and was introduced by the IEC-61131-3 standard. Although providing powerful structuring elements that programmers can use to write better software, those elements are largely dropped when translating the software to a representation required for the application of formal methods. Even in widely used development-tools like CODESYS, SFCs are internally translated to the textual language Structured Text, coming from the same standard. This approach preserves the semantics needed for simulation, but can introduce significant overhead that impedes the application of formal methods, e.g. Concolic Testing, which is the focus of this work. To this end, we propose a novel Concolic Testing approach that utilises the structure of SFC in order to overcome the obstacles that keep traditional techniques from achieving high test-coverage in a reasonable amount of time. We compare our results to two approaches that work on a textual representation of the program.

A multicolour graph as a complete topological invariant for -stable flows without periodic trajectories on surfaces

Studying the dynamics of a flow on surfaces by partitioning the phase space into cells with the same limit behaviour of trajectories within a cell goes back to the classical papers of Andronov, Pontryagin, Leontovich and Maier. The types of cells (the number of which is finite) and how the cells adjoin one another completely determine the topological equivalence class of a flow with finitely many special trajectories. If one trajectory is chosen in every cell of a rough flow without periodic orbits, then the cells are partitioned into so-called triangular regions of the same type. A combinatorial description of such a partition gives rise to the three-colour Oshemkov-Sharko graph, the vertices of which correspond to the triangular regions, and the edges to separatrices connecting them. Oshemkov and Sharko proved that such flows are topologically equivalent if and only if the three-colour graphs of the flows are isomorphic, and described an algorithm of distinguishing three-colour graphs. But their algorithm is not efficient with respect to graph theory. In the present paper, we describe the dynamics of -stable flows without periodic trajectories on surfaces in the language of four-colour graphs, present an efficient algorithm for distinguishing such graphs, and develop a realization of a flow from some abstract graph. Bibliography: 17 titles.

Research on the Representation of Line-type of Digital Sketching in Product Design

The type of lines which from digital hand drawing representation is the central element to the constituted form. At present, there are a few special topics on the structural description of the type of lines. According to the classification of kind of lines which from the basis of painting, integrated using of various lines can create spatial illusions in the plane horizon to achieve the performance of three-dimensional entities. By clarifying features and characteristics of various lines, the digital technology can be quickly generated to design the representation effect and form the graphic design language.