Graphical Language Research Articles

A hybrid approach to system verification in early design for complex mechatronic systems based on formal functional semantics

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) has been adopted as a mainstream design methodology for complex mechatronic systems. According to this paradigm, structured models, typically represented in SysML are used to describe the system of interest from various aspects. Among these models, the system behavior model is fundamental for the subsequent design and hence should be verified against system functions in the early design stage. However, due to the lack of formal semantics of the involved SysML models and software-physical hybrid characteristics of the mechatronic systems, it is not a trivial task to apply existing formal verification methods to solve this problem. In this study, a novel approach relying on hybrid functional semantics is proposed. First, this verification problem is formally defined based on an in-depth analysis of the architectures and traceability between the involved SysML models. Then, a graphical modeling language to represent the hybrid functional semantics in SysML is defined so that the function and behavior models can be enhanced and explicitly correlated by the formal semantics. Finally, based on the semantically enhanced models, the model verification problem is formally re-defined as a semantics verification problem and further divided into two sub-problems, i.e., continuous and discrete semantics verification problems, which are automatically solved by leveraging existing verification techniques including functional-effect compatibility check and symbolic model checking. A mobile robot is illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Andalusi Defensive Architecture through Martín de Ximena Jurado’s Drawings (Mid-17th Century)

The antiquarian Martín de Ximena Jurado was a pioneer in the historical cartography of the old Kingdom of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain), where he tried to represent emblematic areas with their military defences with his particular graphic language. Not surprisingly, this territory has a high concentration of medieval fortifications. The data and drawings that he made of castles, towers, and defensive enclosures show a special interest in the militarisation of sites and places. He went beyond a simple toponymic study aimed only at finding a correspondence between the ancient name and the location of a settlement based on the evidence provided by coins and inscriptions. The medieval fortifications that he mapped were not drawn in ruins as one would expect they would be in the mid-17th century, but with their most characteristic construction elements. This fact gives it great relevance, as it represents the idealised hypothesis of the state of these constructions at the time of the Castilian conquest in the decades following the Almohad debacle in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212).

Homomorphisms and inverse homomorphisms on graph-walking automata

Graph-walking automata analyze an input graph by moving between its nodes, following the edges. This paper investigates the effect of node-replacement graph homomorphisms and inverse homomorphisms on recognizability by these automata. For deterministic graph-walking automata, it is shown that the family of graph languages they recognize is closed under inverse homomorphisms: for an n-state automaton, the inverse homomorphic images of the graphs it accepts can be recognized by an automaton with at most kn+1 states, where k is the number of labels of edge end-points in the pre-image graphs. At the same time, it is proved that in the worst case these inverse homomorphic images require a deterministic graph-walking automaton with at least kn states. The upper bound kn+1 also holds for nondeterministic graph-walking automata. The second result is that already for tree-walking automata, both deterministic and nondeterministic, the families they recognize are not closed under injective homomorphisms. Here the proof is based on a new homomorphic characterization of regular tree languages: every regular tree language is representable as h−1(g(all trees)), for some injective node-replacement homomorphisms g and h.

Graph-theoretic approaches for analyzing the resilience of distributed control systems: A tutorial and survey

As the scale of distributed control systems over networks increases and interactions between different subsystems become more sophisticated, questions of the resilience of such networks to attacks and faults increase in importance. The need to adapt (and redefine) classical system and control-theoretic notions to answer such questions using the language of graphs has recently started to gain attention as a fertile and important area of research. This paper presents an overview of graph-theoretic methods for analyzing the resilience of distributed control systems. We survey distributed algorithms that have been proposed to solve a variety of problems in networked systems, and summarize their resilience against adversarial actions in the context of the structure of the underlying networks. We also discuss graph-theoretic methods to quantify the attack impact, and reinterpret some system-theoretic notions of robustness from a graph-theoretic standpoint to mitigate the impact of the attacks. We conclude by introducing some avenues for further research in this field.

Invited Session III: Neural network models of the visual system: Reverse-engineering neural code in the language of objects and generative models.

When we open our eyes, we do not see a jumble of light or colorful patterns. There lies a great distance from the raw inputs sensed at our retinas to what we experience as the contents of our perception. How in the brain are incoming sense inputs transformed into rich, discrete structures that we can think about and plan with? These "world models" include representations of objects with kinematic and dynamical properties, scenes with navigational affordances, and events with temporally demarcated dynamics. Real world scenes are complex, but given a momentary task, only a fraction of this complexity is relevant to the observer. Attention allows us to selectively form these world models, driving flexible action as task-driven, simulatable state-spaces. How in the mind and brain do we build and use such internal models of the world from raw visual inputs? In this talk, I will begin to address this question by presenting two new computational modeling frameworks. First, in high-level vision, I will show how we can reverse-engineer population-level neural activity in the macaque visual cortex in the language of three-dimensional objects and computer graphics, by combining generative models with deep neural networks. Second, I will present a novel account of attention based on adaptive computation that situates vision in the broader context of an agent with goals, and show how it explains internal representations and implicit goals underlying the selectivity of scene perception.

TRANSFORMATION OF CONTENT AND IMAGE IN CHINESE ADVERTISING POSTER OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The purpose of the article is to analyse and reveal the changes that took place in the Chinese advertising poster during the twentieth century. The work aims to establish the links between the cultural and political context and the figurative and semantic content of messages in advertising posters. The research methodology involves the use of general scientific and special methods. Historical analysis is used to understand the historical and cultural processes of the twentieth century and their impact on the development of advertising posters in different periods. Content analysis is used to analyse the content and images of advertising posters of different periods and to identify the main themes and ideas they express. Semiotic analysis is used to study signs and symbols in advertising posters; comparative analysis to identify the content and visual differences of advertising posters during the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the identification of differences in the content and images of Chinese advertising posters in different periods of the political history of China in the twentieth century. The interaction between the images of ideological messages of political and social propaganda and commercial advertising is traced. Conclusions. It has been found that the twentieth-century advertising poster is an important component of China's cultural and historical heritage and reflects changes in the country's political, social and cultural context. It is shown that advertising posters used as a means of propaganda in different periods of the twentieth century became less ideological and more focused on the commercial promotion of goods and services over time. The figurative and semantic characteristics and graphic language of the advertising poster have also undergone changes, and hybridisation in the formation of the advertising image, based on the principles of propaganda iconography and new marketing standards in commercial advertisements of the 1980s and 1990s, gradually gave way to new visual advertising forms. Key words: China, advertising poster, propaganda, ideological influence, commercial advertising, image, content.

Орнамент как основа формирования алгоритмических умений будущих бакалавров изобразительного и прикладных видов искусств

Ornamental compositions open up significant opportunities for the formation of algorithmic skills among bachelors of fine and applied arts. Geometric ornament is a good training material for the construction and analysis of digital art models with a flexible level of complexity. Descriptive geometry is considered as an applied tool for analyzing and creating an ornamental composition. The analysis of the ornament allows you to read architectural and artistic forms more professionally. The integration of descriptive geometry and computer graphics disciplines takes the content to a qualitatively new level. Geometric constructions in ornamental compositions are functionally convenient for creating digital models when studying vector graphic editors. The article reveals the problem of the formation of algorithmic skills among future bachelors of art as an important component of algorithmic culture and computational thinking. The descriptive geometry language and digital tools of vector computer graphics were chosen as the language of the algorithm description in solving ornamental compositions. The article presents a generalized algorithm for constructing a digital model of ornamental compositions, consisting of analytical, search, constructive, reproductive, reflexive, evaluative stages, including action and auxiliary questions for finding a solution to a graphical problem. An example of a particular algorithm for constructing the rose of Amiens Cathedral, performed by a student in the framework of studying the discipline "Modern Information Technologies", is given. The search for solutions at each stage is carried out with the help of auxiliary questions of the generalized algorithm. Special attention is paid to such stages of the algorithm as reflection of the finished digital model to investigate the possibility of using it in a given material.

HIPPP: Health Information Portal for Patients and Public

Cancer misinformation is becoming an increasingly complex issue. When a person or a loved one receives a diagnosis of possible cancer, that person, family and friends will try to better inform themselves in this area of healthcare. Like most people, they will turn to their clinician for guidance and the internet to better verse themselves on the topic. But can they trust the information provided online? Are there ways to provide a quick evaluation of such information in order to prevent low-quality information and potentially dangerous consequences of trusting it? In the context of the UL Cancer Research Network (ULCan), this interdisciplinary project aims to develop the Health Information Portal for Patients and Public (HIPPP), a web-based application co-designed with healthcare domain experts that helps to improve people navigate the health information space online. HIPPP will be used by patients and the general public to evaluate user-provided web-based health information (WBHI) sources with respect to the QUEST framework and return a quality score for the information sources. As a web application, HIPPP is developed with modern extreme model-driven development (XMDD) technologies in order to make it easily adaptable and evolvable. To facilitate the automated evaluation of WBHI, HIPPP embeds an artificial intelligence (AI) pipeline developed following model-driven engineering principles. Through co-design with health domain experts and following model-driven engineering principles, we have extended the Domain Integrated Modelling Environment (DIME) to include a graphical domain-specific language (GDSL) for developing websites for evaluating WBHI. This GDSL allows for greater participation from stakeholders in the development process of both the user-facing website and the AI-driven evaluation pipeline through encoding concepts familiar to those stakeholders within the modelling language. The time efficiency study conducted as part of this research found that the HIPPP evaluation pipeline evaluates a sample of WBHI with respect to the QUEST framework up to 98.79% faster when compared to the time taken by a human expert evaluator.

*-chain: A framework for automating the modeling of blockchain based supply chain tracing systems

Nowadays, creating a blockchain-based system for supply chain tracing is a complex task. This paper defines a model, a graphical domain specific language, and a set of tools aimed at helping supply chain domain experts to create blockchain based tracing systems for their supply chains. Starting from a graphical representation of the supply chain, the solidity smart contracts implementing the related tracing system are automatically generated by our framework. Small interventions of programmers are required to customize and finalize such smart contracts. A set of web based interfaces to interact with such smart contracts are also automatically generated. We are confident that our results will increase blockchain usage for supply chain traceability thanks to the automatic process of smart contract generation.

Dandelion: A scalable, cloud-based graphical language workbench for industrial low-code development

Dandelion: A scalable, cloud-based graphical language workbench for industrial low-code development

Completeness of the ZH-calculus

There are various gate sets used for describing quantum computation. A particularly popular one consists of Clifford gates and arbitrary single-qubit phase gates. Computations in this gate set can be elegantly described by the ZX-calculus, a graphical language for a class of string diagrams describing linear maps between qubits. The ZX-calculus has proven useful in a variety of areas of quantum information, but is less suitable for reasoning about operations outside its natural gate set such as multi-linear Boolean operations like the Toffoli gate. In this paper we study the ZH-calculus, an alternative graphical language of string diagrams that does allow straightforward encoding of Toffoli gates and other more complicated Boolean logic circuits. We find a set of simple rewrite rules for this calculus and show it is complete with respect to matrices over Z[12], which correspond to the approximately universal Toffoli+Hadamard gateset. Furthermore, we construct an extended version of the ZH-calculus that is complete with respect to matrices over any ring R where 1+1 is not a zero-divisor.

Embodiment of Modern Graphic Images in the Artistic Experiments of Oleg Denysenko (ecoline)

The creative work of the famous Ukrainian artist Oleh Denysenko has been repeatedly recognized abroad and in Ukraine by both representatives of artistic circles and collectors. For the entire period of his artistic practice, no thorough research of his work and experimental searches in graphics has been made, nor has the artist's creative style and graphic language been described. The artist's work was mentioned in some articles, superficially revealed in studies of the creative work of representatives of the Lviv graphic school working in certain graphic techniques and trends. The figure of O. Denysenko has long occupied a significant place among the representatives of Ukrainian printmaking and graphics. This is the case when the artist and his work are more recognized abroad than in Ukraine. Denysenko is a representative of artistic techniques that have existed for more than five centuries, who is not afraid to improve, experiment, and make new searches for graphic embodiment of images and philosophical considerations. The article explores artistic practices and experiments in graphics on the example of the series of graphic works «ecoline». Attention is drawn to the process of searching for new images, methods and visual techniques, as well as to the means of revealing artistic expression. An overview of the stylization, expressiveness of the graphic language and individual manner is given. The possibility of further studying the transformation of graphic images in other techniques and plot compositions is considered. The basis of experimental searches, the emergence of figurative and symbolic interpretations, and the author's innovations are revealed.

Political Discourse and Ideology: A Semiological Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Urdu and English Newspapers

Semiotic discourses are an important genre of print media. They are considered a graphic language and are intended for everyone. Caricatures have become a compelling technique of promoting the target audience's chosen ideologies. This study analyses the semiotic discourses of one Urdu (Jung) and one English (Dawn) newspaper from May 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. The current study adopts an integrated methodology. In semiotic discourses, both visual and verbal activities have been decoded and utilized. The analysis of the researchers has been validated by focus group talks. According to the research, both English and Urdu newspapers are extremely polarized and create semiotic discourses with their target audience in mind. Economy, national politics, foreign politics, social issues, and Pak-army representation are some of the emerging themes in Dawn. Semiological discourses are among the best venues for ideological investment, and the dissemination of desired ideologies in Urdu and English media is polarized.

Asymptote-based scientific animation

This article discusses a universal way to create animation using Asymptote the language for vector graphics. The Asymptote language itself has a built-in library for creating animations, but its practical use is complicated by an extremely brief description in the official documentation and unstable execution of existing examples. The purpose of this article is to eliminate this gap. The method we describe is based on creating a PDF-file with frames using Asymptote, with further converting it into a set of PNG images and merging them into a video using FFmpeg. All stages are described in detail, which allows the reader to use the described method without being familiar with the used utilities.

CRIMINAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF PERSONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENSURING THEIR ECONOMIC-LAW SAFETY: FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN JORDAN

There are different ways, however, security is closely related to the legal field in which they are trying to ensure it. That is why the formation of the criminal legal protection of persons in the framework of ensuring their economic and legal security is becoming relevant. That is why the purpose of the study was to determine the ways of forming the criminal legal protection of persons in the framework of ensuring their safety. The object of the research is the system of criminal legal protection of persons. The scientific task is to determine the ways of forming the criminal legal protection of persons in the framework of ensuring their safety by presenting the appropriate models. It is characteristic that a number of economic factors were also taken into account during the simulation, which is why, and this should be singled out as part of the innovativeness of the article. The graphical modelling language is the basis of the article's methodology. As a result of the study, decompositions of models for the formation of criminal legal protection of persons in the framework of ensuring their safety were presented. The innovative elements of the article are not only the proposed methodological approach to the formation of the criminal legal protection of persons in the framework of ensuring their safety but also how it was presented, namely in three key stages with its own processes. Economic and legal security is a complex and broad concept, which is why not all aspects of it were considered within the framework of the article. This should be expanded in further research.

Formal Validation of Software for Nano Satellite Missions

Space research industry has become one of the most successful domains in the last years. In particular, the development of nano satellites has emerged as a stunning field since its low costs of production. The software in charge of the satellite functioning must be carefully verified to check that system fulfills the expected behavior. In this work we provide a full, complete and declarative framework to formally validate software for nano satellite missions, including behavioral synthesis which is a distinguishable contribution in this field. When validating the satellite behavior we include requirements from different sources: on board computer, IoT protocols, operating system and mission properties. Our framework is based on the declarative and graphical language FVS (Feather Weight Visual Scenarios).

ЛАТЕНТНІСТЬ ПРОТОДЕКОНСТРУКТИВІЗМУ В ПРОЕКТНОМУ КОНТЕНТІ ФРЕНКА ЛЛОЙДА РАЙТА

Analyzing the work of the most influential architects of the middle of the 20th century, including the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, it is possible to declare the presence of ideas at that time, which were later designed and prescribed by trendy deconstructivist architects in the nineties and early 2000s. In the middle of the 20th century, F. Wright continued to develop the principles of organicity in architecture, supplementing them with avant-garde aesthetics. Comparison of the graphic and three-dimensional morphology of buildings, methods and means of expression of the content of the master of architecture of the 20th century Frank Lloyd Wright during the extreme period of his work with the pattern of trendy deconstructivists leads to conclusions about the presence of the aesthetics of proto-deconstructivism in his author's philosophy. In his seventies, Wright experiments with the forms and graphic language of bricolage, which naturally transform into his philosophy of organic architecture. The objects proposed to be attributed to the period of proto-deconstructivism were created by Wright over a period of almost twenty years between 1937 and 1959. By its inner essence, the graphoplastic language of the projects was sharply avant-garde, so it was not always understandable for contemporaries. Architectural historian, critic and publicist Rainer Behnem, in the introductory article to his book "A View of Modern Architecture: The Age of Masters", which was published during the postmodern era of the 80s, states the following "... in the last five years of his career, Wright created the meanest projects an old man could create” (Banham, 1975). Apologists of 20th century modernism Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier and Frank Wright, about whom Rainer Behnem wrote, felt in advance the stylistic flow that formed together with the avant-garde current and was defined by postmodern deconstructivism. When analyzing Wright's projects from the point of view of the presence in them of the aesthetics of proto-deconstructivism, similarities with recognized characteristic patterns of architecture of this style are revealed. Wright's author's philosophy about the naturalness, that is, the organicity of architecture, was proto-deconstructivist and was formed in parallel with global metaphysical trends.

Program Reconditioning: Avoiding Undefined Behaviour When Finding and Reducing Compiler Bugs

We introduce program reconditioning, a method for allowing program generation and differential testing to be used to find miscompilation bugs, and test-case reduction to be used to simplify bug-triggering programs, even when (a) the programming language of interest features undefined behaviour (UB) and (b) no tools exist to detect and avoid this UB. We present two program generation tools based on our reconditioning idea: GLSLsmith for the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL), a widely-used language for graphics programming, and WGSLsmith for the WebGPU Shading Language (WGSL), a new language for web-based graphics rendering. GLSL features many UBs, but unlike for languages such as C and C++ no tools exist to detect them automatically. While the WGSL language specification features very limited UB, early WGSL implementations do exhibit UB, for reasons of initial implementation simplicity, making it challenging to test them to quickly detect and eliminate unrelated miscompilation bugs. Thanks to reconditioning, we show that GLSLsmith and WGSLsmith allow differential testing and test-case reduction to be applied to compilers for GLSL and WGSL for the first time, despite the unavailability of UB detection techniques for these languages. Through a large testing campaign, we have found 24 and 33 bugs in GLSL and WGSL compilers, respectively. We present experiments showing that when reconditioning is disabled, compiler testing leads to a high rate of test programs that appear to trigger miscompilation bugs, but actually just feature UB. We also present a novel approach to managing floating-point roundoff error using reconditioning, implemented for both GLSL and WGSL.

Virtual Machine and Integrated Developer Environment for Sleptsov Net Computing

Modern computing is a path of violations and transformations coming from an intrinsically concurrent application domain into a sequence of instructions and then back to concurrency with OpenMP, MPI and CUDA/OpenCL. Why we create so many difficulties? Sleptsov Net Computing (SNC) maps a task into an appropriate computing structure implemented as a re-configurable multidimensional sparse matrix of computing memory. It has entirely graphical mass parallel language for concurrent programming and a framework of techniques for concurrent program verification to develop reliable software. Estimated efficiency of SNC is higher than 50% compared to actual less that 1% efficiency of the most powerful supercomputers. It yields hyper-performance capable of efficient control of hyper-sonic objects, colliders, thermonuclear reaction. This paper presents an open source prototype VM and IDE for SNC with a view on upcoming hardware implementation of the corresponding computer.

SCLang: Graphical Domain-Specific Modeling Language for Stream Cipher

Abstract A Stream Cipher (SC) is a symmetric-key encryption type that scrambles each piece of data in clear text to conceal it from hackers. Despite its advantages, it has a substantial challenge. Correct handwriting of the script code for the cipher scheme is a challenge for programmers. In this paper, we propose a graphical Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML) to make it easier for non-technical users and domain specialists to implement an SC domain. The proposed language, SCLang, offers great expressiveness and flexibility. Six different methods of keystream generation are provided to obtain a random sequence. In addition, fifteen tests in the NIST suite are provided for random statistical analysis. The concepts of the SC domain and their relationships are presented in a meta-model. The evaluation of SCLang is based on qualitative analysis and is presented to demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency.