Graphical Functions Research Articles

Teaching molecular 3‐D literacy

Teaching molecular 3‐D literacy

AMADA: analysis of microarray data.

AMADA is a Windows program for identifying co-expressed genes from microarray data. It performs data transformation, principal component analysis, a variety of cluster analyses and extensive graphic functions for visualizing expression profiles.

A REMOTE COOPERATIVE DESIGN SYSTEM USING INTERACTIVE 3D GRAPHICS

This paper presents a distributed system for the cooperative design in a 3D virtual environment with full interactive 3D graphics functionality. The system includes a multi-site 3D cooperative editor, a database and a cooperative support platform. The users can design and modify a common 3D virtual world from remote sites simultaneously and cooperatively via long distance communication network. The design information can be stored into the design database and retrieved from it. The cooperative and communication support platform keeps the application away from the network process detail.

Using the R statistical data analysis language on GRASS 5.0 GIS database files

Many researchers wish to explore and analyse spatial data, but typical software does not readily permit such integration. This paper presents a simple interface between two open-source software systems, the GRASS geographical information system, and the R statistical data analysis language. The platform used here is GNU/Linux, because both systems compile and install cleanly; R runs cleanly in Windows environments as well. The interface allows floating point and category data to be passed both ways for raster map layers and sites files; NULL raster cells in GRASS interchange with NA (not available) values in R. Because both systems are developing rapidly and GRASS database internals change often, the interface uses ASCII transfer via temporary files generated by standard programs. The interface operates by running R from within the GRASS environment, and issues commands to GRASS programs through the R system( ) function. The accompanying code is constructed as an R package, and contains wrapper functions for R plotting, and for R analytical functions returning gridded output, such as trend surface and kriging prediction, kernel density estimation of point patterns, and bicubic spline interpolation. These typical spatial analytical techniques, also often available in some form in GIS, are amply buttressed in R by a large range of other statistical and graphical functions, giving substantial insight into the data or results being handled. The interface will be extended to vector data, and will be coordinated with other database integration packages in R and GRASS.

VRML possibilities: the evolution of the Glasgow model [virtual city

During the 1980s, ABACUS (Architecture and Building Aids Computer Unit, Strathclyde), in the Department of Architecture at the University of Strathclyde, researched issues surrounding the modelling and manipulation of large geometrical databases of urban topography. Initially, this interest lay solely in the ability to source, capture and store the relevant data. However, once constructed, these 3D data sets proved genuinely useful to a wide range of users. There ensued a demand from professionals for greater graphical functionality in the manipulation of these models and for the addition of contextual data. These demands often exposed deficiencies in the hardware and software systems then available. As a result, we focused development on research applications and deployment. The recent advent of the Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) standards rekindled interest in this field, since VRML enables the addressing and solving of many of the issues that proved problematic in the past. The potential now exists to provide wide access to large-scale, multi-layered urban models.

AutoMesh: an automatically adjustable, nonuniform, orthogonal FDTD mesh generator

In this article, we introduce a three-dimensional, automatically adjustable, non-uniform orthogonal-mesh generator, AutoMesh, developed using a Windows application-development package, Microsoft Visual Basic. The developed mesh-generating package can efficiently produce geometrical and material data files for a complex electromagnetic configuration that serve as inputs to a generalized non-uniform finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) Maxwell's equations solver. In addition, the fruitful graphical functions of the package insure not only the accuracy of the generated data files, but also the ease of mesh generation for complex objects. Herein, we first present the algorithm of mesh generation, and then illustrate graphical features of the package.

User-friendly and versatile software for analysis of protein hydrophobicity.

We have developed a simple and flexible program to analyze regional hydrophobicity of a protein from its amino acid (aa) sequence. This program runs as a Microsoft Excel document into which aa sequence can be copied from any Windows-compatible or Macintosh word processor. The program returns the hydrophobicity index of each aa residue and other analyses that can be used to predict transmembrane domains, amphiphilic alpha helices and putative antigenic epitopes in a protein using established algorithms. The program can also be easily modified to test user-defined algorithms and to accommodate non-conventional aa residues or ambiguities in the aa sequence. Simple modification of the program allows direct use of nucleic acid sequence information for various analyses. Graphic visualization of the results is readily achieved using the graphics function of Microsoft Excel. Alternatively, the data can be imported into other graphics software for preparation of publication-quality figures. By running as a document in Microsoft Excel, which can be found in virtually all personal computers, this program provides easy access even to the computer novice.

STEREO: A program on a PC-Windows 95 platform for recording and evaluating quantitative stereologic investigations of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents

The most common organ site of neoplasms induced by carcinogenic chemicals in the rodent bioassay is the liver. The development of cancer in rodent liver is a multistage process involving sequentially the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression. During the stages of promotion and progression, numerous lesions termed altered hepatic foci (AHF) develop. STEREO was developed for the purpose of efficient and accurate quantitation of AHF and related lesions in experimental and test rodents. The system utilized is equipped with a microcomputer (IBM-compatible PC running Windows 95) and a Summagraphics MICROGRID or SummaSketch tablet digitizer. The program records information from digitization of single or serial sections obtained randomly from rat liver tissue. With this information and the methods of quantitative stereology, both the number and volume percentage fraction of AHF in liver are calculated in three dimensions. The recorded data files can be printed graphically or in the format of tabular numerical data. The results of stereologic calculations are stored on floppy disks and can be sorted into different categories and analyzed or displayed with the use of statistics and graphic functions built into the overall program. Results may also be exported into Microsoft Excel for use at a later time. Any IBM-compatible PC capable of utilizing Windows 95 and MS Office can be used with STEREO, which offers inexpensive, easily operated software to obtain three-dimensional information from sections of two dimensions for the identification and relative potency of initiators, promoters, and progressors, and for the establishment of information potentially useful in developing estimations of risk for human cancer.

A Graphical Interface to Genome Multidatabases

Formulating queries to access multiple databases can be a formidable task especially when many terms from various databases and complex constraints are involved. To specify a multidatabase query, the user usually has to search through documents for exact database terms and learn the multidatabase language. This report presents QUICK (QUery Interface to CPL-Kleisli), a graphical user interface to multiple databases. CPL (Collection Programming Language) is a high-level multidatabase language built on top of an open query system Kleisli. QUICK allows users to handle overwhelming information from different data sources in an intuitive and uniform manner. The query specification is reduced to specifying user’s terms in his/her own world, selecting paths and specifying constraints in a graph. QUICK is able to automatically generate a CPL query that corresponds to the user’s intent. Additional graphical functions are provided for the user to fine-tune the query generated.

Geometrical Interpretations of Repair-Cost Limit Replacement Policies

The 'total time on test' (TTT) concept has proven to be a very useful tool in many reliability applications. The graphical method based on this concept gives geometrical interpretations to solutions of stochastic maintenance problems as well as estimates of the optimal policies directly from empirical failure or repair data. In fact, some renewal type of maintenance models such as age replacement and burn-in problems have been analyzed by applying the TTT concept. In this paper, we discuss a repair limit replacement problem with a cost constraint for determining the optimal cost–limit to stop repairing a unit after it fails. Two solution methods for the problem are proposed: one is a straightforward/algebraic method and the other is a geometrical one based on the TTT concept. Also, we develop a computer software to calculate numerically the optimal repair-cost limit policies or its estimates by using the function of computer graphics, and refer to its educational effect throughout numerical examples.

Remote Insulator Contamination Monitoring System

erful features for the formulation of appropriate abstractions for the desired application. But programming is always easier if a specialized language is already available for the creation of similar applications. Specialized applications should use dedicated computational engines where the developer can build and compose with high level constructs. In addition to defining a new library of functions and overloading existing operators, such an engine must provide a minimal number of portable graphical data visualization and manipulation functions. It is obvious that programming a computational engine from scratch is a major effort. This paper proposes to use a widely used general purpose program available on most popular computer platforms as a computational engine: MATLAB. MATLAB has a large number of built-in functions and constructs covering a wide range of EMTP development needs and is expandable by means of optional toolboxes. The recent implementation of sparse matrix manipulation capabilities eliminates a major feasibility barrier. This paper presents the creation of MatEMTP: a transient analysis program in MATLAB M-files. It is based on a new formulation of the main system of network equations, designed to eliminate several topological data restrictions and capable of handling arbitrary switch interconnections. By programming through matrix and vector operations the MatEMTP code 1s naturally vectorized. To eliminate useless testing, initialization procedures and repetitive dead code executions, the readyto-run structure of Figure 1 is proposed. This data adaptable structure relies on the input processor to interconnect the M-files. The input processor is a separate program that decodes standard EMTP data files and creates the case.m file. This file is a processed file of network data created from the external case data format. The model selector is a set of M-files created by the inputprocessor for connecting required case.m models to the main program. All models are programmed in separate M-files that obey to a set of predefined core code requests. A typical request for a component model is “provide admittance matrix” or “update history”. The creation of any new model is as simple as programming a new M-file which is automatically recognized and inserted into the appropriate code location by the model selector. The organizer is another M-file created by the input processor that calls solution M-files according to selected options and overall solution needs. Thus, MatEMTP is based on a data dependent interconnection of individual code modules.

Regeneration of loaded supercritical fluids

In a closed-cycle production plant utilizing the properties of supercritical gases, regeneration of the solute-supercritical fluid mixture is one of the two main process steps. Even though regeneration has been investigated, no systematic research has been done on the topic. In this paper, results of research activities that were performed in the last three years in Hamburg are presented. 1 Different methods for regeneration were chosen to examine the ability of each to separate a solute-supercritical fluid mixture: pressure and temperature change, adsorption, absorption, membranes, and a new method called deentrainment. Three different solutes were chosen to be separated from the supercritical fluid. New data for caffeine are presented that include caffeine-CO 2 phase equilibria for pressures below 20 MPa, caffeine-water-CO 2 phase equilibria, caffeine-activated carbon-CO 2 phase equilibria and tocochromanol-ethanol-water-CO 2 phase equilibria. Mass transport phenomena are considered to play an important role in the separator. The base of experimental data was used together with literature data to establish an evaluation system for the regeneration of supercritical fluids. This was done using membership functions μ( x) that are known in fuzzy-sets to establish the regeneration ability of a method for a certain parameter x ( x: solute properties, thermodynamic conditions, operating parameters). A complete system of graphic functions are shown that allows the evaluation of the different methods according to a given case.

Peculiarities of the nucleus-internal target interaction at the Nuclotron

Peculiarities of the nucleus-internal target interaction at synchrotrons are theoretically investigated. Taking this interaction into account, analytical expressions for luminosities averaged over cycle time, time evolution of the current, transverse and longitudinal emittances are obtained. Graphical functions, characterizing the luminosities and parameter evolution of an d, C and Ar nucleus beam with energies of 1 and 6 AGeV for different internal targets at the Nuclotron are presented.

Singularly Perturbed Bond Graph Models for Simulation of Multibody Systems

This paper develops a bond graph-based formalism for modeling multibody systems in a singularly perturbed formulation. As opposed to classical multibody modeling methods, the singularly perturbed formulation is explicit, which makes it suitable for modular simulation. Kinematic joints that couple rigid bodies are described by a set of differential equations with an order of magnitude smaller time scale than that of the system. Singularly perturbed models of joints can be used to investigate nonlinear properties of joints, such as clearance and friction. The main restriction of this approach is that the simulation may need to be computed using 64 bits precision because of the two-time scale nature of the solution. The formalism is based on developing bond graph models of an elementary set of graphical velocity-based constraint functions. This set can be used to construct bond graphs of any type of mechanical joint. Here, this set is used to develop bond graphs of several joints used in multibody systems and spatial mechanisms. Complex models of multibody systems may now be built by graphically concatenating bond graphs of rigid bodies and bond graphs of joints. The dynamic equations of the system are automatically generated from the resulting bond graph model. The dynamic equation derived from the bond graph are in explicit state space form, ready for numerical integration, and exclude the computationally intensive terms that arise from acceleration analysis.

Unexpected dental behavior in five Alzheimer patients. Differences between cognitive and functional capacity, graphic performance, and dental behavior.

The aim of the study was to analyze five patients with Alzheimer's disease in whom the degree of dementia assessed by cognitive and functional tests was at variance with the behavior in the dental setting and to relate these factors to the outcome of the graphic test. Possible reasons for the differences were discussed. The subjects were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's dementia on the basis of the DSM-III-R. Their cognitive and functional impairments were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination test and Katz's index of activities of daily living. Behavior in the dental office was registered in a structured form. The graphic function was assessed as Human Figure Drawing. Besides the stage of dementia, the patient's personality, social and medical background, and memories of previous dental care influence the demented patient's behavior in the dental office. To provide secure conditions for treating demented patients, the dentist must be able to interpret the patient's unique personality in the context of the dental situation.

Digital Control System Development for an Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine

The on-going development of a full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system for the US Navy’s Intercooled Recuperated (ICR) gas turbine requires a high level of system coordination to achieve the primary benefits of reduced specific fuel consumption and improved specific output power relative to a simple cycle engine. This paper describes the system requirements analysis and the implementation of control algorithms leading to the preliminary ICR control system design. The ICR control system is required to coordinate the actions of over 30 actuators using data taken from over 150 sensors. Primary control of the engine output power is provided by regulation of the fuel metering valve. Thermal management of the intercooler, recuperator, and variable area power turbine nozzle results in maximum cycle efficiency within safe operating limits. The new electronic engine controller (EEC) is based on a new open architecture Futurebus + backplane and is fully redundant in all operationally critical control functions. The EEC also features an operating panel and video display for local operation and maintenance of the control system. The graphic display and function keys provide access to control functions as well as assisting maintenance activities with built-in test diagnostics to trouble shoot failed circuitry.

Micromaths: A Simple Approach to Graphic Functions of Two Variables

Micromaths: A Simple Approach to Graphic Functions of Two Variables ADRIAN OLDKNOW, FIMA CMath ADRIAN OLDKNOW, FIMA CMath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teaching Mathematics and its Applications: An International Journal of the IMA, Volume 14, Issue 4, December 1995, Pages 183–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/teamat/14.4.183 Published: 01 December 1995

GEMS: Geothermal Expert Modeling System

In carrying out geothermal-energy development projects, an exhaustive study has to be conducted on the local subsurface geothermal system based on extensive geothermal surveys and well data. The New Energy and Industrial Development Organization has had an extensive geothermal research program under way since 1987, known as the “Nationwide Geothermal Resources Exploration Project.” In this program, the total analysis system, which is called the “Geothermal Expert Modelling System (GEMS),” has been developed to systematize all processes of building models of geothermal systems based on the various regional exploration data. The aim of the system is to select narrow promising areas (about 50–60 square kilometers) for more elaborate exploration from within a region extending over hundreds of square kilometers, by analyzing the various explorations, and by building a geothermal system model of the area. This scheme includes studies to consolidate individual geothermal survey data into an integrated data base and to work out a computer-aided support system for building geothermal models. It calls for the integration of these processes into a system on a user-friendly, engineering work-station that has sufficient graphic functions. An attempt was made to actually identify promising areas in regions covered by wide-area surveys on hydrothermal systems, using the proposed total analysis system.

Visual and motor functions in graphically gifted savants

Savant artists represent a conundrum to our understanding of the nature of high level specific talents as well as to the concept of general intellectual impairment. In the present paper, we are particularly concerned with the relationship between general perceptual-motor functions in relation to drawing aptitude. Drawing is by definition a perceptual-motor operation, yet mental handicap tends to be associated with some degree of impairment in this area. The following study seeks to isolate such aspects of performance on general perceptual-motor skills that might be associated with drawing ability, and may thus be regarded as building blocks underlying the manifestation of graphic talent. The results are discussed in terms of the relationships between graphic talent, non-verbal intelligence and visual-motor functions.

A Formal Approach to the Specification of Graphic Object Functions

Graphic objects are an abstract mathematical model for graphic systems. The model is an algebraic approach to represent graphic information, which include modelling operations. This formalism require some method to describe normal graphic procedures, such as changing the object colour or texture mapping, as these procedures are essential to represent graphic processes. This paper extends the theory by introducing the concept of graphic object functions. A graphic object function transforms one graphic object into another, changing its visual appearance or its geometric properties. A formal definition of graphic functions is given, with a characterization of two special kinds of graphic object functions: filters and object transference functions. These two kinds of functions can be used to perform normal graphic operations, such as changing colours, texture mapping or clipping. Equivalence relationships between graphic objects induced by functions are also studied. These relationships establish an hierarchical structure on the graphic object set.